Palatable high-fat diet intake influences mnemonic and emotional aspects in female rats in an estrous cycle-dependent manner

Overweight and obesity are increasingly common public health issues worldwide, leading to a wide range of diseases from metabolic syndrome to steatohepatitis and cardiovascular diseases. While the increase in the prevalence of obesity is partly attributable to changes in lifestyle (i.e. increased sedentarity and changes in eating behaviour), the metabolic and clinical impacts of these obesogenic conditions varies between sexes and genetic backgrounds. The conception of personalised treatments of obesity and its complications require a thorough understanding of the diversity of responses to conditions such as high-fat diet intake. By analysing nine genetically diverse mouse strains, we show that much like humans, mice respond to high-fat diet in a genetic- and sex-dependent manner. Physiological and molecular responses to high-fat diet are associated with expression of genes involved in immunity and mitochondrial function. Finally, we find that mitochondrial function may explain part of the diversity of physiological responses. By exploring the complex interactions between genetics and metabolic phenotypes via gene expression and molecular traits, we shed light on the importance of genetic background and sex in determining metabolic outcomes. In addition to providing the community with an extensive resource for optimizing future experiments, our work serves as an exemplary design for more generalizable translational studies.

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High-Fat Diet Alters LH Secretion and Pulse Frequency in Female Mice in an Estrous Cycle-Dependent Manner

Endocrinology ◽

10.1210/endocr/bqaa146 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 161 (10) ◽

Author(s):

Ariel L Negrón ◽

Sally Radovick

Keyword(s):

Estrous Cycle ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Hormone Replacement ◽

Pulse Frequency ◽

Chow Diet ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

High Fat ◽

Pulsatile Release ◽

The Impact ◽

Estradiol Levels

Abstract Reproductive fitness in females is susceptible to obesogenic diets. Energy balance and reproduction are tightly regulated, in part, by hypothalamic neurons in the arcuate nucleus (ARC), and high-fat diet (HFD) can steadily increase estradiol levels in rodents. Estradiol regulates the reproductive axis via negative feedback mechanisms in ARC neurons by modulating pulsatile release of the gonadotropin luteinizing hormone (LH). However, it is unclear how the circulating estradiol milieu of adult females interacts with a state of high-caloric fat intake to alter LH pulse dynamics. Here, we used serial tail-tip blood sampling to measure pulsatile LH release at different estrous cycle stages in mice fed a HFD. Starting at 21 days of age, female C57BL/6J mice were freely fed with either regular chow diet (RD) or 60% kcal HFD for 12 weeks. Blood samples were collected once at diestrus, and then again at estrus. LH was measured in 10-minute intervals for 3 hours and analyzed for pulse frequency, amplitude, and mean and basal LH levels. Compared with RD-fed controls, mice fed HFD displayed significantly increased pulse frequency at diestrus, but not at estrus. HFD-fed mice also had lower mean and basal LH levels compared with RD-fed controls, but only during estrus. These data suggest that circulating estradiol can variably contribute to the impact that HFD has on LH pulsatile release and also provide insight into how obesity impacts women’s reproductive health when ovarian estradiol levels drastically change, such as during menopause or with hormone replacement therapy.

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Acute effect of high-intensity interval training exercise on redox status in the ovaries of rats fed a high-fat diet

Reproduction Fertility and Development ◽

10.1071/rd20326 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 33 (12) ◽

pp. 713

Author(s):

Rodrigo L. Furtado ◽

Jonathan Elias R. Martins ◽

Maria Alice F. Oliveira ◽

Denise D. Guerreiro ◽

Naiza A. R. de Sá ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Intensity ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Interval Training ◽

Redox Status ◽

Female Rats ◽

Standard Diet ◽

High Intensity Interval Training ◽

High Fat ◽

Antral Follicles ◽

High Intensity Interval

This study demonstrates the effect of a single high-intensity interval training (HIIT) session on the redox status of rat ovaries with excess adiposity. Forty Wistar female rats (mean (±s.e.m.) weight 94.40 ± 13.40 g) were divided into two groups and fed either a standard diet (SD) or a high-fat diet (HFD) for 62 days. At the end of this period, the rats were subjected to a single HIIT session and were killed 24 h after exercise. Both groups subjected to exercise (SDex and HFDex) generated a significantly higher antioxidant environment by presenting a higher thiol content, which represents a lower oxidation rate of GSH than their respective controls (SD and HFD). The percentage of morphologically normal primary follicles decreased, whereas that of antral follicles increased, in the SDex group. In addition, the HFD group had a higher percentage of degenerated antral follicles than the SD and SDex groups. Cells immunoreactive for α-smooth muscle actin were seen in the cortical stroma and thecal layer enclosing late secondary and tertiary follicles in all groups. Moreover, heme oxygenase and cytochrome P450 family 19 subfamily A member 1 (Cyp19A1) labelling was seen in all antral follicles. Progesterone concentrations were significantly higher in the HFDex than SDex group. In conclusion, this study indicates that a single session of HIIT may result in an improvement in ovary redox status because of metabolic muscle activity by inducing physiological adaptation after exercise in a paracrine manner.

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PHARMACOLOGICAL SCREENING OF ANTI-OBESITY POTENTIAL OF ACORUS CALAMUS LINN. IN HIGH FAT CAFETERIA DIET FED OBESE RATS

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v10i4.16893 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 384 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Athesh K ◽

Joshi G

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Serum Glucose ◽

In Vivo Studies ◽

Acorus Calamus ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Fat Pad ◽

High Fat ◽

Dose Levels ◽

Dose Dependent

Objective: To study the anti-obesity potential of aqueous rhizome extract of Acoruscalamus Linn. (AREAC)in high fat diet fed obese rats.Methods: Adult strain male Wistar rats used in this study were fed with High Fat Diet (HFD) for 60 days. For the treatment groups,AREAC was administered in a dose levels of100, 200 and 300 mg/kgbw, orally once a day along with HFD. Rats fed with normal pellet chow were served as normal control. The effect of AREAC on physical parameterssuch as body weight, organ weight, fat pad weights and various biochemical parameterslike serum glucose, insulin, leptin,lipid profile, liver markers, kidney markers and oxidative stress markers were analysed.In-vitro pancreatic lipase inhibition assay of AREAC was also studied.Results: Data of in-vivo studies revealedsignificant (p<0.05) reduction in percentage body weight gain, organ weights, fat pad weights and levels of serum glucose, insulin and leptin after treatment with AREAC in a dose dependent manner. Also, administration of AREAC significantly inhibited the increases in the concentrations of triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, VLDL-cholesterol, free-fatty acid and phospholipids in a dose dependent manner whereas, the level of HDL-cholesterol was found to be elevated on treatment. Moreover, on treatment with test drug,the elevated levels of serum liver and kidney markerssuch as AST, ALT, ALP, urea, creatinine were also brought back to near normalcy. Antioxidant status was found to be enhanced in liver tissues after treatment.In-vitro studies showed significant inhibition in the activity of pancreatic lipaseby AREAC.Conclusion: The data of the results obtained clearly depicted that AREAC was found to have pronounced anti-obesity activity particularly at the dose levels of 300 mg/kg bw.Key Words: Obesity, High Fat Diet, Leptin, AcoruscalamusLinn., Orlistat.

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