scholarly journals Embodiment and personal identity in dementia

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 665-676
Author(s):  
Thomas Fuchs
Keyword(s):  
Personal Identity ◽  
John Locke ◽  
The Body ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Severe Dementia ◽  
Body Memory ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Status ◽  
Rational Choices ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Theories of personal identity in the tradition of John Locke and Derek Parfit emphasize the importance of psychological continuity and the abilities to think, to remember and to make rational choices as a basic criterion for personhood. As a consequence, persons with severe dementia are threatened to lose the status of persons. Such concepts, however, are situated within a dualistic framework, in which the body is regarded as a mere vehicle of the person, or a carrier of the brain as the organ of mental faculties. Based on the phenomenology of embodiment, this paper elaborates a different approach to personal identity in dementia. In this perspective, selfhood is primarily constituted by pre-reflective self-awareness and the body memory of an individual, which consists in the embodiment and enactment of familiar habits, practices and preferences. After describing the different types of body memory, the paper develops a phenomenology of dementia as a loss of reflexivity and meta-perspective. This is contrasted with the preservation of individual forms of body memory even in the later stages of the illness. The ethical consequences of an embodied approach to dementia are outlined. A final look is given to narrativistic and constructionist concepts of the self in dementia.

Embodiment and Personal Identity in Dementia

2021 ◽  
pp. 196-216
Author(s):  
Thomas Fuchs
Keyword(s):  
Personal Identity ◽  
John Locke ◽  
The Body ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Severe Dementia ◽  
Psychological Continuity ◽  
Body Memory ◽  
The Status ◽  
Rational Choices ◽  
The Brain

Theories of personal identity in the tradition of John Locke emphasize the importance of psychological continuity and the abilities to think, to remember and to make rational choices as basic criteria for personhood. As a consequence, persons with severe dementia are threatened to lose the status of persons. Such concepts, however, are situated within a dualistic framework, in which the body is regarded as a mere vehicle of the brain as the organ of mental faculties. The chapter elaborates a different approach to personal identity: according to this, selfhood is primarily constituted by pre-reflective self-awareness and the body memory. Dementia is then characterized as a loss of reflexivity and meta-perspective, which is contrasted with the preservation of individual forms of body memory even in the later stages of the illness. The ethical consequences of such an embodied approach to dementia are outlined.

scholarly journals Leiblichkeit und personale Identität in der Demenz

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Fuchs
Keyword(s):  
Personal Identity ◽  
John Locke ◽  
The Body ◽  
Derek Parfit ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Body Memory ◽  
Basic Criterion ◽  
Dementia Patients ◽  
Rational Choices ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Theories of personal identity in the tradition of John Locke and Derek Parfit emphasize the importance of psychological continuity and the abilities to think, to remember and to make rational choices as a basic criterion for personhood. These concepts, however, are situated within a dualistic framework, in which the body is regarded as a mere vehicle of the person, or a carrier of the brain as the organ of mental faculties. Based on the phenomenology of embodiment, this paper elaborates a different approach to personal identity. In this perspective, selfhood is primarily constituted by pre-reflective self-awareness and the body memory of an individual, which consists in the embodiment and enactment of familiar habits, practices and preferences. As can be shown, this understanding of personhood still applies to dementia patients even in the later stages of the disease.

scholarly journals What is Interoception and Why is it Important?

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa Barker ◽  
Rebecca Brewer ◽  
Jennifer Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
The Body ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Heart Beating ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Brain

What is the word for the sense of signals that come from inside your body, such as feeling your heart beating and your breathing, or knowing when you are hungry? This is called interoception. Interoception is one of our senses, like vision, hearing, taste, smell, and touch. In this article, we talk about what interoception is and how information about these feelings is sent from the body to the brain. We will also talk a little about how interoception is measured and the different types of interoception. Finally, we will discuss why interoception might be important for things like recognising emotions in ourselves and in other people, our physical and mental health, and why understanding how interoception changes throughout our lives might help us to understand where differences in interoception across different people come from.

Construction of Battery Swap Station for Electric Passenger Car

2012 ◽  
Vol 253-255 ◽  
pp. 2231-2236
Author(s):  
Rong Yi Niu ◽  
Xiao Yan Yin ◽  
Ming Yu Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
The Body ◽  
Battery Pack ◽  
Body Structure ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
Passenger Car ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Status

Basing on the status quo of the development of electric vehicle and electric vehicle’s Charging/battery swap infrastructure, Discussion and analysis is made with focus on the battery swap mode and it’s practising method of electric passenger car. According to the body structure of different types of electric passenger car and the Situation that the battery pack is equipped with, Electric passenger car are divided into two types: chassis battery type and battery rear-equipped type. Respectively, analyzed the battery swap mode for the two types of electric passenger cars; And two feasible battery swap projects are advanced , analysed and compared.Then pointed out the difficulties and problems with the construction of the battery swap station for electric passenger car; Finally, suggestions and methods to solve the problems were offered.

scholarly journals The Soul and Personal Identity. Derek Parfit’s Arguments in the Substance Dualist Perspective

Perichoresis ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 3-23
Author(s):  
Dmytro Sepetyi
Keyword(s):  
Personal Identity ◽  
Human Life ◽  
The Body ◽  
Psychological Profile ◽  
Temporal Continuity ◽  
Brain Theory ◽  
Body Theory ◽  
Humean Theory ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Humean View

AbstractThis paper re-evaluates Derek Parfit’s attack on the commonly held view that personal identity is necessarily determinate and that it is what matters. In the first part we first argue against the Humean view of personal identity; secondly, we classify the remaining alternatives into three kinds: the body theory and the brain theory, the quasi-Humean theory, and the soul theory, and thirdly we deploy Parfit’s arguments and related considerations to the point that none of the materialistic alternatives is consistent with the commonly held view. This leaves us with the alternative: either we accept the radical and highly implausible materialistic view Parfit calls ‘Reductionism’, or we accept the view that we are nonphysical indivisible entities—Cartesian egos, or souls. The second part of the paper discusses Parfit’s objections against the Cartesian view: that there is no reason to believe in the existence of such nonphysical entities; that if such entities exist, there is no evidence that they are enduring (to span a human life); that even if they exist and are enduring, they are irrelevant for the psychological profile and temporal continuity of a person; that experiments with ‘brain-splitted’ patients provide strong evidence against the Cartesian view. We argue that these objections are in part mistaken, and that the remaining (sound) part is not strong enough to make the Cartesian view less plausible than Reductionism.

scholarly journals Designing and testing of a smart firefighting device system (LAHEEB)

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 143
Author(s):  
Yousef Samkari ◽  
Kamel Guedri ◽  
Mowffaq Oreijah ◽  
Shadi Munshi ◽  
Sufyan Azam
Keyword(s):  
Fire Behavior ◽  
The Body ◽  
Servo Motor ◽  
Push Button ◽  
Risk Of Injury ◽  
Sense Of Security ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Fire Extinguish ◽  
Software And Hardware ◽  
The Brain

The motivation behind this project is that firefighter's death. Many firefighters are struggling to perform their duty which causes much death while on a mission and the circumstances related to each incident. Firefighters are our heroes and our sense of security in times of trouble. They put themselves on dangerous situations to protect us. At present, the world is moving toward the use of technologies software and hardware. This paper proposed a smart firefighting device system (LAHEEB) which designed to detect the source of fire, extinguish it, and increase the knowledge about fire behavior from incident area. This device can extinguish different types of fire A, B, C, D, F/K, electric and metal fire without spreading in the shortest time. This device will reduce the risk of injury for firefighters and possible victims and decrease the monetary losses which increase considerably as fire duration increases. LAHEEB device is consists of two parts. The first part is called the mid-cap which presented the body of the device that has most of the components such as sensors, relays, battery, servo motor, liquid tank, push-button, and Arduino. The second part is called the bottom-cap which presented the moving part of the device that has the significant components of LAHEEB such as servo motor, sprayer, and thermal camera. It also makes use of liquid-tank and spray mechanism for extinguishing the fire. The spraying nozzle is mounted on a servo motor to cover maximum area. Liquid-extinguisher is pumped from the main tank to the nose with the help of a pump. The whole system is programmed using an Arduino DUE board which forms the brain of the system.

scholarly journals Philosophy of Mind and Body in Andrei Tarkovsky's Solaris

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 357-375
Author(s):  
Vladimir Tumanov
Keyword(s):  
Philosophy Of Mind ◽  
Emotional Response ◽  
John Locke ◽  
Human Condition ◽  
The Body ◽  
Animal Suffering ◽  
Cartesian Dualism ◽  
Mind And Body ◽  
The Status

Andrei Tarkovsky's film Solaris (1972) is studied through the lens of philosophy of mind. The question of memory and personhood, as developed by John Locke and then expanded by Derek Parfit, is applied to the status of Hari – the copy of the protagonist's deceased wife. The key question addressed by this paper is on what basis Hari can (or should?) be considered human. Hari's personhood is further analyzed in the context of Cartesian dualism, the response to Descartes by reductionism and the rebuttal of reductionism by the functionalist theories of Hilary Putnam. Descartes' thoughts on animal suffering and the bête-machine are pitted against Hari's experience in Solaris. The key question is whether Hari can be reduced to her alien structure or should be considered in terms of her behavior. The moral implications of these questions are extended to human sociality, human emotional response and the role of the body in the human condition.

Pathophysiology, Live

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 650-652
Author(s):  
Ruthmary K. Deuel
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Energy Substrates ◽  
Resonance Technique ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Technique ◽  
The Status ◽  
Sugar Phosphates ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Ischemic Events ◽  
Metabolic Information

In the August issue of Pediatrics, Delpy et al1 provided a detailed description of changes in intracerebral, intracellular constituents before, during, and after severe ischemic events in rabbits using a nuclear magnetic resonance technique. The constituents, ATP, phosphocreatine (PCr), and sugar phosphates, are the basic energy substrates of the body. Intracellular pH was also monitored throughout. As the authors correctly point out, such noninvasive, in vivo biochemistry would be invaluable to the pediatric clinician, not only to gather direct metabolic information on the status of the brain, but also to increase knowledge about muscle.2 In fact, applications of this technique to other organs such as the liver,3 the kidney,4 and the heart5 are likely to be made soon.

scholarly journals The collective endeavour of interpreting neuroscience–A collection of Australian based trauma informed research and practice

2015 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 165-166
Author(s):  
Joe Tucci ◽  
Janise Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Special Kind ◽  
The Body ◽  
Children And Families ◽  
Tactile Information ◽  
Interpersonal Touch ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Trauma Informed ◽  
Touch Sensation ◽  
Heart And Mind ◽  
The Brain

In his latest book, Touch - The Science of Hand, Heart and Mind, respected neuroscientist David Linden (2015) elegantly dives into the complexity of the circuitry that connects the body and the brain in integrative processes of experience. Detailing different types of fibres which conduct information from the sensors in our skin to the brain, he describes how the speed of information flow is critical to the way we can discern various forms of touch. “…Fast A-fibres are necessary to transmit rapidly changing, highly nuanced signals about object shape, texture, vibration…C-fibres, in contrast, are not built to inform the parts of the brain involved in discriminative, factual aspects of touch sensation, but rather function to integrate information slowly and to discern the emotional tone of the particular touch involved….recently it has become clear that some C-fibres convey a special kind of tactile information: they appear to be tuned for interpersonal touch…C-tactile fibres are caress sensors…(p.78)”. Amazingly, the human body has evolved so that it has sensors that are sensitive only to the experience of a caress. For children and families, the questions that arise from this insight are numerous and possibly far reaching. How do these fibres develop? Are they involved in embedding a sense of safety into our bodies? Are there circumstances in which they might be damaged? How does stress impact on their development in infants and children?

scholarly journals Intersections between Modern and Contemporary Dance and Yoga Practice: A Critical Analysis of Spiritual Paths through Body Movement and Choreography

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Aglaia Zafeiroudi
Keyword(s):  
Web Of Science ◽  
Body Movement ◽  
The Body ◽  
Contemporary Dance ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Yoga Practice ◽  
Spiritual Awareness ◽  
Bodily Movement ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Brain

Bodily movement, rhythmic response, physical exercise and related techniques are sources of spiritual awareness. Yoga and dance are both concerned with the relationship between spirituality and the physical body. This paper presents a literature review of yoga and modern and contemporary dance as spiritual bodily practices. An electronic literature search was undertaken using Scopus, Google Scholar, CINAHL, EMBASE, PubMed/MEDLINE and Web of Science databases to examine the integration of modern and contemporary dance with yoga practice. The review reveals a number of important choreographic and spiritual similarities between these practices, including coordinated movement of the body with the breath, sequences of movements, rhythm, gestures and energy management. Many modern and contemporary dancers, choreographers and artists, such as Graham, include yoga techniques in their choreography and teaching. Through bodily movements, yoga and dance allow for self-awareness and self-perception, which aid in connecting the body, the brain and the soul with the divine. The paper finally suggests and describes how a combination of these two practices may be applied in conjunction with rhythm and music to enhance spirituality through body movement. This paper sought to expand the ways in which movement through yoga and modern and contemporary dance can be considered and practiced in relation to spirituality.   Received: 4 March 2021 / Accepted: 6 May 2021 / Published: 8 July 2021

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