scholarly journals Philosophy of Mind and Body in Andrei Tarkovsky's Solaris

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 357-375
Author(s):  
Vladimir Tumanov
Keyword(s):  
Philosophy Of Mind ◽  
Emotional Response ◽  
John Locke ◽  
Human Condition ◽  
The Body ◽  
Animal Suffering ◽  
Cartesian Dualism ◽  
Mind And Body ◽  
The Status

Andrei Tarkovsky's film Solaris (1972) is studied through the lens of philosophy of mind. The question of memory and personhood, as developed by John Locke and then expanded by Derek Parfit, is applied to the status of Hari – the copy of the protagonist's deceased wife. The key question addressed by this paper is on what basis Hari can (or should?) be considered human. Hari's personhood is further analyzed in the context of Cartesian dualism, the response to Descartes by reductionism and the rebuttal of reductionism by the functionalist theories of Hilary Putnam. Descartes' thoughts on animal suffering and the bête-machine are pitted against Hari's experience in Solaris. The key question is whether Hari can be reduced to her alien structure or should be considered in terms of her behavior. The moral implications of these questions are extended to human sociality, human emotional response and the role of the body in the human condition.

scholarly journals Principle of Number Six in Ancient Indian and Chinese Philosophy

2020 ◽  
pp. 64-67
Author(s):  
Vladimir Yurievich Yurinov ◽  
Artur Ravilevich Karimov
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Culture ◽  
Indian Philosophy ◽  
Chinese Philosophy ◽  
The Body ◽  
Ancient China ◽  
Special Significance ◽  
Ancient India ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Ancient Chinese

The paper discusses the role of the principle of the number six in the Vedic corps of ancient Indian phi-losophy and in the philosophy of ancient China. It is shown that number, counting, numerology in the culture of Ancient India and Ancient China played an important, metaphysical role. It justifies why in an-cient Indian philosophy there could be exactly six darshanas, since they exhausted the body of Vedic philosophy (astics). The rest of the schools of an-cient Indian philosophy, therefore, could not claim the status of darshan. The special significance of the number six for Chinese philosophy is also asso-ciated with the presence of six schools and with the Yin symbolism. Since the link «yin» – «yang» is im-portant for the ancient Chinese culture, the number «nine» (the symbol «yang») also acquires special significance for the ancient Chinese culture. It is assumed that together the numbers «nine» and «six» in Chinese culture mean «the number of the Sage».

The Interoceptive Mind

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Lived Experience ◽  
Philosophy Of Mind ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Body ◽  
Mental Life ◽  
Traditional Role ◽  
Philosophical Perspective ◽  
Cognitive Neurosciences ◽  
Affect And Cognition

This volume focuses on the role of interoception for mental life and lived experience, from the perspectives of neurosciences, psychological sciences, and philosophy. Interoception is the body-to-brain axis of signals originating from the internal body and visceral organs (such as gastrointestinal, respiratory, hormonal, and circulatory systems), and plays a unique role in ensuring homeostasis. This volume goes beyond the traditional role of interoception for homeostasis and offers a state-of-the-art overview of and new insights into the role of interoception for mental life, awareness, subjectivity, affect, and cognition. Structured across three parts, this multidisciplinary volume highlights the role that interoceptive signals and awareness thereof play in our mental life (Part I), considers deficits in interoceptive processing and awareness in various mental health conditions but also the equally important role of interoception for well-being (Part II), and approaches interoception from a theoretical and philosophical perspective, representing a highly novel departure for philosophy of mind and subjectivity (Part III). The chapters share a common concern for what it means to experience oneself, for the crucial role of emotions, and for issues of health and well-being, discussed on the joint basis of our bodily existence and interoception. The research presented here will hopefully accelerate the much-anticipated coming of age of interoceptive research in psychology, cognitive neurosciences, and philosophy.

Imperial Receptions

2019 ◽  
pp. 187-232
Author(s):  
Hunter H. Gardner
Keyword(s):  
Body Politic ◽  
The Body ◽  
Internal Conflict ◽  
Traditional Role ◽  
Good Government ◽  
Silius Italicus ◽  
The Status ◽  
Latin Epic ◽  
Punic Wars

Chapter 6 explores the appropriation of late Republican and Augustan treatments of pestilence in Imperial literature. Seneca’s version of Oedipus’ tragedy turns to Latin epic, rather than Sophocles, to articulate conditions of pestilence in Thebes. This language reflects upon Oedipus’ traditional role as φαρμακός‎, both infected “carrier” and saviour to the civic body, clarifying how competing claims of individuality and collectivity have determined the pathology of earlier literary treatments of plague. By inscribing plague within a text that questions standards of good government, Seneca secures the role of contagion as a tool for examining the health of the body politic in Neronian Rome. The epics of Silius Italicus and Lucan also invoke the plagues of their predecessors in contexts of Roman civil discord, and use the plague’s power to enact the dissolution of individual identity as a way of indicting competition for political distinction. Lucan relies on the symptomology of his predecessors in his account of pestilence afflicting Pompey’s soldiers, but emphasizes the link between contagion and internal conflict by casting both the disease and the fervour for civil war as rabies. Silius, in the Punica, describes an outbreak of pestilence during the Punic Wars that brings about widespread destruction. But in answer to the status-leveling and dehumanizing effects characterizing preceding plague narratives, he depicts the Roman general Marcellus escaping the plague and recovering distinction or “exemplarity” in a way that does not threaten the health of the body politic.

scholarly journals ROLE OF NITRIC OXIDE AND ARGINASE IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF ORAL CANCER

2012 ◽  
Vol 02 (02) ◽  
pp. 14-17
Author(s):  
Nidarsh D. Hegde ◽  
Suchetha Kumari ◽  
Mithra N. Hegde ◽  
Shilpa Shetty
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Oral Cancer ◽  
The Body ◽  
Arginase Activity ◽  
Oxide Degradation ◽  
Griess Reaction ◽  
Normal Individuals ◽  
The Status ◽  
Nitric Oxide Concentration

AbstractThe aim of the present study is to evaluate the status of serum nitric oxide and arginase activity in oral cancerous condition. The study consisted of 80 individuals. The subjects were divided into normal individuals and individuals with oral cancer. Blood sample was collected from each subject and serum separated. Nitric oxide concentration was measured as total nitrates and nitrites by the Griess reaction method and arginase activity was estimated by diacetylmonoxime method.The results of this study showed significantly increased levels of nitric oxide and arginase activity in oral cancerous condition when compared to normal individuals. From the study it can be concluded that during carcinogenesis and tumor progression, the level of nitric oxide and arginase activity increases. This could result from a generalized increased nitric oxide synthesis throughout the body of the cancer patient or reflect increased nitric oxide degradation promoted by oxidative stress.

scholarly journals The Role of Authenticity in Developing Successful Leadership Practices: A Review of Literature

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bethuel Masimane
Keyword(s):  
Authentic Leadership ◽  
Human Condition ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Leadership Practice ◽  
Four Component Model ◽  
Moral Perspective ◽  
Successful Leadership ◽  
The Status ◽  
Practical Implications

Authentic leadership in the postmodern world is a necessary concept for organizations. It is a new kind of leadership grounded in the understandings and memories gained in human lives. Organizations need a leadership that is able to critique the shortcomings and myths that support the status quo. It is a leadership grounded in new anthropology and in understanding of the human condition as both feminine, masculine and multicultural, as embedded in nature. This paper reviews literature on the realities associated with authentic leadership in an attempt to answer the question of whether authenticity is significant in developing successful leadership practice. It also evaluates effects of authenticity to leadership practice today. For a better perspective of authentic leadership, a four-component model of authentic leadership consisting of self-awareness, balanced processing, internalized moral perspective and relational transparency is analyzed. The article analyzes the implications of the model to the leader today and identifies practical steps for developing authentic leaders. Authentic leaders help organizations to sustain competitive advantage. Extant literature focuses on studies with practical implications for authentic leadership. The paper generally conceptualizes authentic leadership and authenticity in leadership.

Electronic human resource management: Enhancing or entrancing?

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Poisat ◽  
Michelle R. Mey
Keyword(s):  
Resource Management ◽  
Human Resource Management ◽  
Human Resource ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
The Status ◽  
Managerial Implications

Orientation: This article provides an investigation into the current level of development of the body of knowledge related to electronic human resource management (e-HRM) by means of a qualitative content analysis. Several aspects of e-HRM, namely definitions of e-HRM, the theoretical perspectives around e-HRM, the role of e-HRM, the various types of e-HRM and the requirements for successful e-HRM, are examined.Research purpose: The purpose of the article was to determine the status of e-HRM and examine the studies that report on the link between e-HRM and organisational productivity.Motivation for the study: e-HRM has the capacity to improve organisational efficiency and leverage the role of human resources (HR) as a strategic business partner.Main findings: The notion that the implementation of e-HRM will lead to improved organisational productivity is commonly assumed; however, empirical evidence in this regard was found to be limited.Practical/managerial implications: From the results of this investigation it is evident that more research is required to gain a greater understanding of the influence of e-HRM on organisational productivity, as well as to develop measures for assessing this influence.Contribution: This article proposes additional areas to research and measure when investigating the effectiveness of e-HRM. It provides a different lens from which to view e-HRM assessment whilst keeping it within recognised HR measurement parameters (the HR value chain). In addition, it not only provides areas for measuring e-HRM’s influence but also provides important clues as to how the measurements may be approached. 

Body schema and pain

2021 ◽  
pp. 301-315
Author(s):  
Katsunori Miyahara
Keyword(s):  
Philosophy Of Mind ◽  
Pathological Condition ◽  
Body Schema ◽  
The Body ◽  
Contemporary Philosophy ◽  
Enactive Approach ◽  
The Third ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Mind And Body ◽  
Conceptual Distinction

This chapter aims to situate Merleau-Ponty’s notion of body schema within the context of contemporary philosophy of pain. In the first section, the chapter starts by introducing his notion of body schema and its role in his account of the experience of pain. It then briefly reviews current theoretical treatments of pain in the analytic philosophy of mind. It outlines representational and imperative theories of pain by mapping them onto the conceptual distinction between body image and body schema. In the second section, the chapter further argues that they are both deeply entrenched in a Cartesian dualistic picture of mind and body. To be fair, imperativism partly overcomes the Cartesian conception of the body by acknowledging the significance of the body schema. To see how theories of pain can escape the dualistic picture, thus, it will be helpful to examine imperativist explanations. The chapter undertakes this task by closely examining Colin Klein’s imperativist account of a rare pathological condition called pain asymbolia. This account, it suggests in the third section, leads to an unacceptably over-intellectual view of the body because of hidden Cartesian assumptions. It concludes by contrasting this with an enactive approach to pain, deeply inspired by Merleau-Ponty. In the last section, the chapter turns to phenomenological grounds to clarify and support this alternative approach.

Descartes' thesis about the separation of mind and body is usually quite severely criticized in the modern cognitive science in general and philosophy of mind in particular. This thesis serves as an important starting point for the development of the conception of embodied and enacted cognition, which has gained extraordinary popularity to date. This article substantiates that the solution to the mind - body problem proposed by Descartes is not at all so unequivocal and categorical, his position is much more subtle and sophisticated than it often seems to us. The article discusses the Descartes’ arguments both in favor of the «great separation between mind and body», and against it. It is shown that Descartes’ thoughts about the mutual influence of the states of the body and phenomena of mind, about the close coupling of mind and body and their unity, about the connection of mind with bodily action are in line with the modern conception of embodied and enactive cognition and may well be considered as a forerunner for its development. Descartes' deep analytical mind, which allowed him to create a method and which gave scientists an attitude to doubt everything in search of scientific truths, allowed him to carefully evaluate his own theses, carrying out various, including opposing, argumentative lines of thought. The understanding the real contribution of Descartes is essential for the further development of the conception of embodied and enactive cognition, which has considerable methodological strength in various fields of social and humanitarian research.

METOD ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 179-195
Author(s):  
Elena Knyazeva
Keyword(s):  
Philosophy Of Mind ◽  
Mutual Influence ◽  
The Body ◽  
Close Coupling ◽  
Enactive Cognition ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Mind And Body ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Methodological Strength

Descartes' thesis about the separation of mind and body is usually quite severely criticized in the modern cognitive science in general and philosophy of mind in particular. This thesis serves as an important starting point for the development of the conception of embodied and enacted cognition, which has gained extraordinary popularity to date. This article substantiates that the solution to the mind - body problem proposed by Descartes is not at all so unequivocal and categorical, his position is much more subtle and sophisticated than it often seems to us. The article discusses the Descartes’ arguments both in favor of the «great separation between mind and body», and against it. It is shown that Descartes’ thoughts about the mutual influence of the states of the body and phenomena of mind, about the close coupling of mind and body and their unity, about the connection of mind with bodily action are in line with the modern conception of embodied and enactive cognition and may well be considered as a forerunner for its development. Descartes' deep analytical mind, which allowed him to create a method and which gave scientists an attitude to doubt everything in search of scientific truths, allowed him to carefully evaluate his own theses, carrying out various, including opposing, argumentative lines of thought. The understanding the real contribution of Descartes is essential for the further development of the conception of embodied and enactive cognition, which has considerable methodological strength in various fields of social and humanitarian research.

Embodiment and Personal Identity in Dementia

2021 ◽  
pp. 196-216
Author(s):  
Thomas Fuchs
Keyword(s):  
Personal Identity ◽  
John Locke ◽  
The Body ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Severe Dementia ◽  
Psychological Continuity ◽  
Body Memory ◽  
The Status ◽  
Rational Choices ◽  
The Brain

Theories of personal identity in the tradition of John Locke emphasize the importance of psychological continuity and the abilities to think, to remember and to make rational choices as basic criteria for personhood. As a consequence, persons with severe dementia are threatened to lose the status of persons. Such concepts, however, are situated within a dualistic framework, in which the body is regarded as a mere vehicle of the brain as the organ of mental faculties. The chapter elaborates a different approach to personal identity: according to this, selfhood is primarily constituted by pre-reflective self-awareness and the body memory. Dementia is then characterized as a loss of reflexivity and meta-perspective, which is contrasted with the preservation of individual forms of body memory even in the later stages of the illness. The ethical consequences of such an embodied approach to dementia are outlined.

Role of Diet and Nutrition in Pregnancy – An Ayurvedic Perspective

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jyoti M. Ganer ◽  
Umapati C. Baragi
Keyword(s):  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Great Emphasis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Pregnant Mother ◽  
Optimum Amount ◽  
Healthy State ◽  
State Of Mind ◽  
Mind And Body

Women have special dietary needs during each stage of her lives, including adolescence, pregnancy, breast feeding and menopause. During pregnancy the mother’s nutrition bears a great impact on the foetus’s growth and its future. Ayurveda lays great emphasis on ensuring holistic nutrition. A combination of Ahara (diet), Vihara (regimen), Vichara (emotions/thoughts) and Aushadha (medications) have been given great significance in Ayurveda in antenatal care called as Garbhini Paricharya (Antenatal care). Diet comprises the most important component of Garbhini Paricharya. Ayurveda advises congenital diet and regimen throughout the pregnancy. It also stresses on the healthy state of mind and body to beget healthy progeny. Milk and ghee stand out as the most common in the pregnant diet that Ayurveda advises. The idea of this is to provide optimum amount of protein and fat to the body. In addition, it provides right amount of calcium and vitamins for the pregnant mother helping in sustaining a comfortable lactation. In this review article a designed protocol of the month wise diet advised by various ancient Ayurvedic physicians, which can be modified according to the age, season, place, constitution and the digestive fire of the pregnant woman has been presented.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document