Strong anomaly and phases of chiral gauge theories

We present a simple argument which seems to favor, when applied to a large class of strongly-coupled chiral gauge theories, a dynamical-Higgs-phase scenario, characterized by certain bifermion condensates. Flavor symmetric confining vacua described in the infrared by a set of baryonlike massless composite fermions saturating the conventional ’t Hooft anomaly matching equations, appear instead disfavored. Our basic criterion is that it should be possible to write a strong-anomaly effective action, analogous to the one used in QCD to describe the solution of the U(1)A problem in the low-energy effective action, by using the low-energy degrees of freedom in the hypothesized infrared theory. We also comment on some well-known ideas such as the complementarity and the large N planar dominance in the context of these chiral gauge theories. Some striking analogies and contrasts between the massless QCD and chiral gauge theories seem to emerge from this discussion.

Evaluating Public Deliberation: Including the Audience Perspective

I argue that in evaluating public deliberation, the basic criterion should be how deliberating citizens’ need for usable input is met, rather than how the debaters embody Habermasian consensus-oriented ideals, and I question assessment of “deliberative quality” on that basis, such as the “Discourse Quality Index.” Studies of public deliberation should instead build on an Aristotelian notion of deliberation, on Rawls’s idea of “reasonable disagreement” and on the deliberating audience’s needs. To explore these, we need real-time studies of audience reception of public deliberation. I place the studies I call for in a typology of studies, present a study with novel methodological features and discuss its implications for criteria for public deliberation.

THE CONCEPT OF PHRASEOLOGICAL ANTONYMS AND DETERMINATION METHODS IN RUSSIAN LANGUAGE

The opposite meaning relation found in words is naturally also encountered in idiom units formed by the combination of words. Like antonyms, phraseological antonyms also add more value to the described situations and actions and provide a lively and colorful transfer of style and emotion. Although there are different opinions, including narrow and broad approaches, to identify phraseological antonyms, the most basic criterion is the contradiction between the meanings in the study of antonyms. Despite being partly appropriate in composition, the most distinctive groups of antonyms are language units that have elements creating opposition in terms of meaning. Idioms can create both a complete contrast between themselves and a weak or partial contrast. It is more appropriate to accept the same structural order and lexical harmony as additional features. Although researches on phraseological antonyms in Russian linguistics began in the 1960s, no research on the subject matter has been found in our country’s linguistics Therefore, in our study, it is aimed to mention and exemplify the concept of phraseological antonyms and determination methods based on Russian materials. Semantic, morphological and descriptive research methods were used in our study. In the first part of this article, information is given about the historical development of phraseological antonyms research. In the second part, the concept of phraseological antonyms is explained and the determination methods of such idioms are mentioned. Keywords: phraseological antonyms, Russian language, phraseological enantiosemy, phraseology, antonyms

Rule of law and the scope of interpretation of legislative provisions in the process of judicial and administrative review. Remarks against the background of the phenomenon of „lawmaking” of administrative courts

The rule of law, as stipulated in article 7 of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland, is one of the fundamental principles shaping the functioning of public administration in the Republic of Poland. Legality of the functioning of public administration is also accepted as the basic criterion of judicial and administrative review of the actions taken by the administration. However, judgments of administrative courts often go outside the boundaries of findings that could be made based on linguistic interpretation of legislative provisions, by referring to the rules of the legal system, including in cases where no doubts exist with regards to the interpretation of provisions. The aim of this paper is to offer insight into the basis and nature of doubts encountered with regards to the admissibility of the use of non-linguistic interpretation by administrative courts where the use of such interpretation does not appear to be required.

Innovations in Education, or How to Separate the Wheat from the Chaff?

The article focuses on the criteria of pedagogical innovation. Along with such criteria as an obvious novelty and effectiveness, the author dwells on the adequacy of the considered pedagogical experience to ensure the advanced scientific and technological challenges of the time, as well as the solution of priority social problems. This implies that the tasks are reflected primarily in the conceptual documents of the country’s development. This criterion corresponds to a narrow understanding of innovation, which is associated with the system of «scientific novelty – technological (social) project – development – implementation». The broad understanding of the category «innovation» is determined by the development and preservation of the anthropological potential of society and education in particular. The relevance of the proposed basic criterion is revealed as a result of a critical analysis of a scientific publication devoted to the pedagogical experience within the system of military education. The article justifies the real anti-innovative systemic effects of the so called «Innovative approach». In the context of the growing pace of the scientific and technological revolution, the concept of «Asymmetric response» to the innovative challenges of the time is introduced. As a result of the analysis of the achievements of domestic and foreign scientists, a set of «Asymmetric measures» is proposed. They stemmed from the development of universal basic information, creative competencies, and polytechnic skills, as well as humanitarian and economic orientation of training, the development of primarily STEM-areas in school education, simulation and distance learning tools, innovative pedagogical technologies.

The Analysis of the Frequency of Leukoplakia in Reference of Tobacco Smoking among Northern Polish Population

Objective: The aim of the study was an updated analysis of the frequency of leukoplakia in reference to tobacco smoking among the northern Polish population. Material and Methods: Medical records of 5720 patients who suffer from abnormalities and oral mucosa diseases between January 2015–December 2018 were analyzed. Among them, 416 medical charts of patients with leukoplakia were selected. The study group consisted of 196 women and 220 men aged between 21–86 years (average 45.6 years). The analysis was conducted in terms of age, gender, and smoking tobacco. The basic criterion for inclusion in the study was the presence of oral leukoplakia confirmed by histopathological examination, recorded in the chart. Information about the patient’s active smoking was obtained from documented medical interviews. An active smoker was defined as a patient who smoked 10 or more cigarettes a day for at least the previous six months. The study used parametric and non-parametric statistical methods. Results: The highest incidence of leukoplakia was found in the age group 41–60 (46.6%), where the vast majority were active smokers (85.1%), and mostly men (86.2%). However, among patients with leukoplakia, the highest prevalence of smoking was found in the age group 21–40 years (86.8%) in women, where out of 38 patients with leukoplakia, 33 were active smokers. More patients with leukoplakia were observed in groups of smokers and it was statistically significant. Homogeneous form was the most commonly diagnosed form of leukoplakia in our study; it was found in almost 95% of cases. Leukoplakia was mainly observed on the cheeks. Changes on the gums, the alveolar process or the bottom of the tongue and mouth were rarely found. Conclusion: Our studies revealed that there is a statistically significant correlation between tobacco smoking and the presence of oral leukoplakia among the northern Polish population. It should be noted that dentists, in particular, are capable of early diagnosis and implementation of appropriate treatment of leukoplakia and, most often, crucial elimination of the main risk factor, which is smoking, and the implementation of effective tobacco control interventions.

The Perception of Fair Remuneration as a Component of Sustainable Development

Sustainable development leads to the satisfaction of basic human needs, while maintaining the integrity of the ecosystem. The implementation of sustainable development principles in an organisation requires its transformation. The diversity of changes requires support from human capital management. It is essential to reach the foundations of the functioning of an organisation, encompassing the basic principles of its operation. The engagement of employees, which is necessary to follow the principles of sustainable development, implies the need to use a comprehensive set of instruments under the broadly conceived remuneration system. The basic criterion for its assessment is fairness.

Lacune, alternative și impacturi ale structurii administrativ-teritoriale în Republica Moldova: context și raționalități demografice

The population is the basic criterion of the territorial-administrative structuring of the country, and the demographic evolution is contrary. Demographic inequalities create disproportionality, consumption of economic resources. The districts are administrative units of the Soviet bill can no longer be considered engines of territorial development. The reform requires complex criteria to ensure sustainable functionality in the context of EU accession.