The role of the neuropeptide galanin in forming type-specific behavioral characteristics

2008 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. I. Lyudyno ◽  
I. N. Abdurasulova ◽  
V. M. Klimenko
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Characteristics

INDIVIDUAL AND STATUS RECOGNITION IN THE CRAYFISH, ORCONECTES RUSTICUS: THE EFFECTS OF URINE RELEASE ON FIGHT DYNAMICS

Behaviour ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 138 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Huber ◽  
Rebecca A. Zulandt Schneider ◽  
Paul Moore
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Cues ◽  
Social Recognition ◽  
Previous Experience ◽  
Behavioral Characteristics ◽  
Behavioral State ◽  
Dyadic Interactions ◽  
Agonistic Interactions ◽  
Present Communication ◽  
Status Recognition

AbstractThis study examined individual and status recognition in dyadic interactions between crayfish and determines how blocking the release of urine, a known source of chemical cues, may influence recognition. Behavioral characteristics of agonistic interactions were compared between crayfish pairs that fought each other previously (familiar) and pairs derived from individuals with past status history but no previous experience with one another (unfamiliar). To address the role of urine born chemical cues in recognition, fight dynamics were examined in urine blocked and non-blocked familiar and unfamiliar pairs. Our results indicate the existence of status recognition in crayfish as first fights were longer than second fights and the statistical interaction between fight number and familiar/unfamiliar treatment was similar. Urine cues play a role in social recognition in that fights are longer and more intense when urine cues are absent than when urine cues are present. Communication of behavioral state through urine appears to play an important role in the agonistic interactions of crayfish.

Clathrin plays a novel role in the regulation of cell polarity, pseudopod formation, uropod stability and motility in Dictyostelium

2000 ◽  
Vol 113 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Wessels ◽  
J. Reynolds ◽  
O. Johnson ◽  
E. Voss ◽  
R. Burns ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Polarity ◽  
Behavioral Characteristics ◽  
Cellular Polarity ◽  
Posterior Half ◽  
Contractile Ring ◽  
Traditional Role ◽  
Cytoskeletal Organization ◽  
Normal Frequency ◽  
Vesicle Movement

Although the traditional role of clathrin has been in vesicle trafficking and the internalization of receptors, a novel role in cytokinesis was recently revealed in an analysis of a clathrin-minus Dictyostelium mutant (chc(-)). chc(-) cells grown in suspension were demonstrated to be defective in assembling myosin II into a normal contractile ring. To test whether this defect reflected a more general one of cytoskeletal dysfunction, chc(-) cells were analyzed for cell polarity, pseudopod formation, uropod stability, cell locomotion, chemotaxis, cytoskeletal organization and vesicle movement. chc(-) cells crawled, chemotaxed, localized F-actin in pseudopods, organized their microtubule cytoskeleton in a relatively normal fashion and exhibited normal vesicle dynamics. Although chc(-) cells extended pseudopods from the anterior half of the cell with the same frequency as normal chc(+) cells, they extended pseudopods at twice the normal frequency from the posterior half of the cell. The uropods of chc(-) cells also exhibited spatial instability. These defects resulted in an increase in roundness, a reduction in polarity, a reduction in velocity, a dramatic increase in turning, a high frequency of 180 degrees direction reversals and a decrease in the efficiency of chemotaxis. All defects were reversed in a rescued strain. These results are the first to suggest a novel role for clathrin in cell polarity, pseudopod formation, uropod stability and locomotion. It is hypothesized that clathrin functions to suppress pseudopod formation and to stabilize the uropod in the posterior half of a crawling cell, two behavioral characteristics that are essential for the maintenance of cellular polarity, efficient locomotion and efficient chemotaxis.

scholarly journals Alcoholic patients' response to their disease: perspective of patients and family

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 1165-1172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joaquín Salvador Lima-Rodríguez ◽  
María Dolores Guerra-Martín ◽  
Isabel Domínguez-Sánchez ◽  
Marta Lima-Serrano
Keyword(s):  
Health Professionals ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Addictive Behavior ◽  
Behavioral Characteristics ◽  
Self Help ◽  
The Social ◽  
Disease Condition ◽  
Disease Behavior ◽  
Self Help Groups

Objective: to know the perspective of alcoholic patients and their families about the behavioral characteristics of the disease, identifying the issues to modify the addictive behavior and seek rehabilitation. Method: ethnographic research using interpretative anthropology, via participant observation and a detailed interview with alcoholic patients and their families, members of Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) and Alanon in Spain. Results: development of disease behavior in alcoholism is complex due to the issues of interpreting the consumption model as a disease sign. Patients often remain long periods in the pre-contemplation stage, delaying the search for assistance, which often arrives without them accepting the role of patient. This constrains the recovery and is related to the social thought on alcoholism and self-stigma on alcoholics and their families, leading them to deny the disease, condition of the patient, and help. The efforts of self-help groups and the involvement of health professionals is essential for recovery. Conclusion: understanding how disease behavior develops, and the change process of addictive behavior, it may be useful for patients, families and health professionals, enabling them to act in a specific way at each stage.

The Role of Antisocial, Affective, and Childhood Behavioral Characteristics in Alcoholics' Neuropsychological Performance

1993 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 162-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Wagner Glenn ◽  
Austin L. Errico ◽  
Oscar A. Parsons ◽  
Andrea C. King ◽  
Sara Jo Nixon
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Characteristics ◽  
Neuropsychological Performance

scholarly journals Consumer’s Attitude Regarding Soluble Coffee Enriched with Antioxidants

Beverages ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marinês Corso ◽  
Daneysa Kalschne ◽  
Marta Benassi
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Eating ◽  
Sensory Quality ◽  
Functional Foods ◽  
Coffee Consumption ◽  
The Self ◽  
Behavioral Characteristics ◽  
The World ◽  
Soluble Coffee ◽  
Conventional Counterpart

Brazil is the second largest coffee consumer in the world. The development of new products related to healthy eating is one of the demands to maintain this scenario. This research aimed to investigate the role of socio-demographic, cognitive and behavioral characteristics on the acceptance of functional foods by coffee consumers. A questionnaire developed and applied in Belgium was previously translated and validated for application with Brazilian consumers. The habits of coffee consumption, knowledge and interest were investigated regarding functional soluble coffee enriched with antioxidants. The self-administered study was performed with 270 consumers. Acceptance was measured by two items: “Functional foods are all right for me as long as they taste good” and “Functional foods are all right for me even if they taste worse than their conventional counterpart foods”, obtaining a mean score of 4.03 and 2.79 (scale 1: totally disagree and 5: totally agree), respectively. The acceptance of functional foods increased with age, schooling, income, belief in the health benefits and knowledge about functional foods for both items. There was no significant correlation between price and acceptance. With regards to a functional soluble coffee product, the sensory quality was more determinant for its acceptance than price.

Trajectories of anxiety in a population sample of children: Clarifying the role of children's behavioral characteristics and maternal parenting

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 361-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stéphane Duchesne ◽  
Simon Larose ◽  
Frank Vitaro ◽  
Richard E. Tremblay
Keyword(s):  
Community Sample ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Developmental Trajectory ◽  
Behavioral Characteristics ◽  
High Anxiety ◽  
Anxiety Group ◽  
Maternal Parenting ◽  
Logistic Regressions ◽  
High Level

AbstractThis study pursued three goals. The first goal was to explore children's trajectories of anxiety from age 6 to 12 using a representative community sample. The second goal was to assess the link between certain behavioral characteristics assessed in kindergarten (i.e., inattention, hyperactivity, aggressiveness, and low prosociality) and these trajectories. The third goal was to determine whether certain aspects of maternal parenting (i.e., warmth and discipline) could moderate the association between these characteristics and the trajectories of anxiety. A population sample of 2,000 children (1,001 boys, 999 girls) participated in this longitudinal study. Developmental trajectory analyses allowed us to identify four trajectory groups: low, low-increasing, high-declining, and high anxiety groups. Moreover, multinomial logistic regressions revealed a profile of children at risk of developing high anxiety symptoms (i.e., high group), characterized by sociofamily adversity, inattention, and low prosociality in the classroom. Hyperactivity was also found in this profile, but only for children exposed to a mother who showed little affective warmth. Finally, mothers' high level of discipline increased the odds of belonging to the high anxiety group. The results are discussed in relation to studies examining the association among anxiety, behavioral characteristics, and parenting during childhood.

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