Hydraulic modeling of the 2011 New Madrid Floodway activation: a case study on floodway activation controls

Flood hazard is one of the most destructive natural phenomena causing a significant material damage and human losses in Algeria during the past decade. The aim of this study is to assess and characterize the flood hazard in El Hamiz watershed (Algeria). In addition, this study identifies areas and elements prone to this hazard to minimize the damages and losses. The methodology used in the present study is based on a combination of hydrological and hydraulic modeling using the Hec-Ras software and mapping techniques using a Geographic Information System (GIS). The flood hazard assessment model of El Hamiz wadi using different hydrological (rainfall / runoff transfer and return period), hydraulic (water level and flow velocity) and exposure (land use data and socio-economic data) parameters revealed that the downstream part of the studied area is the most susceptible to flood events. The mapping of flood-prone areas indicated the extent of this phenomena on the El Hamiz wadi banks, especially through heavy submersion of residential areas characterized by a high urban concentration including inhabitants, activities and infrastructures.

Download Full-text

Uncertainty in 2-D hydraulic modeling: a case study of an experiment in transcritical flowThis article is one of a selection of papers published in this Special Issue on Hydrotechnical Engineering.

Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering ◽

10.1139/l09-179 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 37 (7) ◽

pp. 1014-1023 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

L. Lewicki ◽

A. Paquier ◽

K. El kadi Abderrezzak ◽

N. Rivière

Keyword(s):

Urban Areas ◽

Hydraulic Modeling ◽

Special Issue ◽

Numerical Predictions ◽

Space Step ◽

Dam Break Flow ◽

Flow Propagation ◽

Averaged Model ◽

Selection Of

Change in flow regime from subcritical to supercritical flow or opposite can be met during a dam break flow propagation but also during floods in urban areas, particularly near crossroads. Detailed laboratory measurements of flow discharge distribution and flow depths are carried out for transcritical dividing flows in a 90° sharp-edged, rectangular junction formed by horizontal open-channels of equal width. These measurements are used to assess the uncertainty of numerical predictions obtained using a two-dimensional (2-D) depth-averaged model. A sensitivity analysis to four parameters, i.e., space step, friction coefficient, diffusion coefficient, and downstream boundary condition, is carried out. For the water depths in the vicinity of the intersection, uncertainty linked to the calibration of the four aforementioned parameters can be higher than 50% because of the difficulty in representing the location and amplitude of the hydraulic jumps while, for the flow ratio between the downstream branches, uncertainty is limited to 10%.

Download Full-text

Flood maps and their potential role in local spatial planning: a case study from Slovakia

Water Policy ◽

10.2166/wp.2018.077 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 20 (5) ◽

pp. 1042-1058 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Matej Vojtek ◽

Jana Vojteková

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Spatial Planning ◽

Local Development ◽

Hydraulic Modeling ◽

Acceptable Risk ◽

Gis And Remote Sensing ◽

Remote Sensing Techniques ◽

The One ◽

Flood Maps

Abstract The article is focused on the creation of flood maps for ungauged basins (i.e. local spatial scale areas), using a hydrologic-hydraulic approach, geographic information systems (GIS) and remote sensing techniques, and their role in local spatial planning. The case study is represented by the Turniansky potok catchment which was not mapped in the preliminary flood risk assessment (EU Floods Directive) as an area with existing potential risk. The design discharges were estimated by applying the regional formula. The design discharge with 100-year return period was chosen for hydraulic modeling using the one-dimensional HEC-RAS model. The basis for creating the flood vulnerability map for the selected hydraulic domain was the current land use. Each land use category was assigned a category of acceptable risk (low, medium, high). Furthermore, the vulnerability was defined by digitizing buildings within the hydraulic domain. The role of the created flood maps, as regulatory tools in local spatial planning (i.e. local development plan of municipality), was highlighted and discussed. The importance of flood maps is primarily seen in limiting the irresponsible expansion and densification of construction in the areas near the watercourse which were assigned the low acceptable risk.

Download Full-text

GIS as an information technology framework for water modeling

Journal of Hydroinformatics ◽

10.2166/hydro.2007.008 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 123-134 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Durmus Cesur

Keyword(s):

Data Model ◽

Object Oriented ◽

Hydraulic Modeling ◽

Hydrologic Model ◽

Series Data ◽

Integrated Analysis ◽

Water Modeling ◽

Data Repositories ◽

Modeling Systems

The sustainable and equitable management of water requires integrated analysis which includes the integration of a multitude of modeling systems at the core. The linkage of the modeling systems and components is the main bottleneck to achieve the integrated modeling solutions that maintain the integrity of the entire environmental system for comprehensive analysis, planning and management. In this paper, the use of a Geographic Information System (GIS), as an integration framework for the water modeling systems, together with object-oriented data modeling and programming schemes is explained. Integration of the modeling systems on a GIS platform, through a surface-water-specific GIS data model, Arc Hydro, and interface data models as data repositories for common water features, hydrologic and hydraulic modeling elements, is presented with a case study. Arc Hydro served as an integration data model for the simulation models of concern. Time series data transfer between modeling system at the information exchange points is facilitated using object-oriented linkage programs, and relationships among the modeling elements are established through Arc Hydro. In the case study, the HEC-HMS hydrologic model and the HEC-RAS hydraulic model are integrated into an automated floodplain mapping application on a GIS. The implementation of the integration methodology is presented.

Download Full-text

Reducing the conflict of interest in the optimal operation of reservoirs by linking mesohabitat hydraulic modeling and metaheuristic optimization

Water Science & Technology Water Supply ◽

10.2166/ws.2021.373 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Mahdi Sedighkia ◽

Bithin Datta ◽

Asghar Abdoli

Keyword(s):

Environmental Impact ◽

Water Supply ◽

Differential Evolution ◽

Environmental Impacts ◽

Reservoir Operation ◽

Differential Evolution Algorithm ◽

Hydraulic Modeling ◽

Optimal Operation ◽

Metaheuristic Optimization

Abstract The present study proposes a novel framework to optimize the reservoir operation through linking mesohabitat hydraulic modeling and metaheuristic optimization to mitigate environmental impact at downstream of the reservoir. Environmental impact function was developed by mesohabitat hydraulic simulation. Then, the developed function was utilized in the structure of the reservoir operation optimization. Different metaheuristic algorithms including practice swarm optimization, invasive weed optimization, differential evolution and biogeography-based algorithm were used to optimize reservoir operation. Root mean square error (RMSE) and reliability index were utilized to measure the performance of algorithms. Based on the results in the case study, the proposed method is robust for mitigating downstream environmental impacts and sustaining water supply by the reservoir. RMSE for mesohabitats is 8% that indicates the robustness of proposed method to mitigate environmental impacts at downstream. It seems that providing environmental requirements might reduce the reliability of water supply considerably. Differential evolution algorithm is the best method to optimize reservoir operation in the case study.

Download Full-text

Dam Break Modeling in a Cascade of Small Earthen Dams: Case Study of the Čižina River in the Czech Republic

Water ◽

10.3390/w12082309 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (8) ◽

pp. 2309

Author(s):

Jaromír Říha ◽

Stanislav Kotaška ◽

Lubomír Petrula

Keyword(s):

Hydraulic Modeling ◽

Dam Break ◽

Peak Discharge ◽

Flood Routing ◽

Small Reservoirs ◽

Small Dams ◽

Flood Volume ◽

Exponential Trend ◽

Earthen Dams

Failures of small dams can pose a serious threat to people and property even if the size of the schemes is relatively low. In many cases, small dams are situated in a cascade along streams, meaning that the failure of the uppermost dam may cause the dams downstream to fail. In this paper, a cascade of three small reservoirs, Lichnov II (14.6 m high), Lichnov III (10 m high), and Pocheň (8.5 m high), is the subject of the dam break analyses carried out via various methods such as empirical formulae, analogy, and hydraulic modeling. The dam-break flood routing was simulated using a shallow water flow hydraulic model. The simulations confirm that the attenuation effect of the peak discharge is governed by the flood volume, slope, and morphology of the floodplain and increases with the distance from the breached dam following an approximately exponential trend. When estimating peak discharge, empirical formulae derived for a single dam break should be applied carefully as they may underestimate the peak outflow by up to 10% in the case of a dam cascade. The attenuation volume of small reservoirs is small when compared to the flood volume, meaning that the attenuation of the peak discharge usually varies between 5–10%.

Download Full-text

Simulating the effects of low impact development approaches on urban flooding: a case study from Tehran, Iran

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2019.412 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 80 (8) ◽

pp. 1591-1600 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Maryam Movahedinia ◽

Jamal Mohammad Vali Samani ◽

Fakhreddin Barakhasi ◽

Saleh Taghvaeian ◽

Raffi Stepanian

Keyword(s):

Urban Areas ◽

Peak Flow ◽

Low Impact Development ◽

Hydraulic Modeling ◽

Decision Makers ◽

Urban Flooding ◽

Urban Stormwater ◽

Rainfall Events ◽

Storm Water Management Model

Abstract Low impact development (LID) methods have been shown to be efficient in reducing the peak flow and total volume of urban stormwater, which is a top priority for effective urban stormwater management in many municipalities. However, decision-makers need information on the effects of LIDs and their associated costs before allocating limited resources. In this study, the Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) was used to investigate the effects of five different LID scenarios on urban flooding in a district in Tehran, Iran. The LID scenarios included rain barrel (RB) at two sizes, bio-retention cell (BRC), and combinations of the two structures. The results showed that significant node flooding and overflow volume would occur in the study area under the existing conditions, especially for rainfall events with longer return periods. BRC and combinations of BRC and RBs were the most effective options in reducing flooding, while the smaller-size RB was the cheapest alternative. However, normalized cost, obtained through dividing the total cost by the percent reduction in node flooding and/or overflow volume, was smallest for BRC. The results of this study demonstrate how hydraulic modeling can be combined with economic analysis to identify the most efficient and affordable LID practices for urban areas.

Download Full-text