scholarly journals Vaccine alliance building blocks: a conjoint experiment on popular support for international COVID-19 cooperation formats

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pieter Vanhuysse ◽  
Michael Jankowski ◽  
Markus Tepe
Keyword(s):  
Political Ideology ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Design Principles ◽  
Popular Support ◽  
Distribution Rules ◽  
Personal Perceptions ◽  
Conjoint Experiment ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Vaccination Campaigns ◽  
Alliance Building

AbstractThe design principles of institutions that visibly and significantly affect citizens’ lives are likely to be politically salient. Popular support for these principles is in turn crucial for institutional viability and effectiveness. Transboundary pandemics are a case in point. Understanding citizens’ preferences regarding the design of international alliances set up to mass-produce and distribute vaccines is likely to determine citizens’ subsequent cooperation with vaccination campaigns. This study explores Germans’ preferences for international COVID-19 vaccine alliance design principles. We conducted a conjoint experiment at a recurring cognitive moment in many pandemics’ cycles, between the initial outbreak and a more devastating but still-unknown second wave, when infection rates were very low, yet no policy solutions had been developed. We analyzed preferences regarding four building blocks: (1) alliance composition (size; EU-centrism), (2) alliance distribution rules (joining cost; vaccine allocation), (3) vaccine nationalism (cost per German household; coverage in Germany) and (4) vaccine producer confidence (origin; type). Distribution rules, political ideology and personal perceptions of pandemic threat matter little. But a larger alliance size and dominant EU-country composition increase alliance support. And vaccine nationalism is key: support increases with both lower costs and larger coverage for own-nation citizens. Moreover, support goes down for Chinese and American producers and increases for Swiss and especially own-nation producers. In sum, a realist and technocratic outlook is warranted at the cognitive stage in pandemic cycles when no solutions have been found, yet the worst already seems to be over, as national self-interest reigns supreme in popular attitudes.

The future of manufacturing industry: a strategic roadmap toward Industry 4.0

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 910-936 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morteza Ghobakhloo
Keyword(s):  
Language Processing ◽  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Core Competencies ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Design Principles ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Holistic View ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Technology Trends

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to conduct a state-of-the-art review of the ongoing research on the Industry 4.0 phenomenon, highlight its key design principles and technology trends, identify its architectural design and offer a strategic roadmap that can serve manufacturers as a simple guide for the process of Industry 4.0 transition. Design/methodology/approach The study performs a systematic and content-centric review of literature based on a six-stage approach to identify key design principles and technology trends of Industry 4.0. The study further benefits from a comprehensive content analysis of the 178 documents identified, both manually and via IBM Watson’s natural language processing for advanced text analysis. Findings Industry 4.0 is an integrative system of value creation that is comprised of 12 design principles and 14 technology trends. Industry 4.0 is no longer a hype and manufacturers need to get on board sooner rather than later. Research limitations/implications The strategic roadmap presented in this study can serve academicians and practitioners as a stepping stone for development of a detailed strategic roadmap for successful transition from traditional manufacturing into the Industry 4.0. However, there is no one-size-fits-all strategy that suits all businesses or industries, meaning that the Industry 4.0 roadmap for each company is idiosyncratic, and should be devised based on company’s core competencies, motivations, capabilities, intent, goals, priorities and budgets. Practical implications The first step for transitioning into the Industry 4.0 is the development of a comprehensive strategic roadmap that carefully identifies and plans every single step a manufacturing company needs to take, as well as the timeline, and the costs and benefits associated with each step. The strategic roadmap presented in this study can offer as a holistic view of common steps that manufacturers need to undertake in their transition toward the Industry 4.0. Originality/value The study is among the first to identify, cluster and describe design principles and technology trends that are building blocks of the Industry 4.0. The strategic roadmap for Industry 4.0 transition presented in this study is expected to assist contemporary manufacturers to understand what implementing the Industry 4.0 really requires of them and what challenges they might face during the transition process.

scholarly journals Sii-Mobility: An IoT/IoE Architecture to Enhance Smart City Mobility and Transportation Services

Sensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio Badii ◽  
Pierfrancesco Bellini ◽  
Angelo Difino ◽  
Paolo Nesi
Keyword(s):  
Smart City ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Complex Case ◽  
Disruptive Technology ◽  
Transportation Services ◽  
Iot Platform ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Local Cloud

The new Internet of Things/Everything (IoT/IoE) paradigm and architecture allows one to rethink the way Smart City infrastructures are designed and managed, but on the other hand, a number of problems have to be solved. In terms of mobility the cities that embrace the sensoring era can take advantage of this disruptive technology to improve the quality of life of their citizens, also thanks to the rationalization in the use of their resources. In Sii-Mobility, a national smart city project on mobility and transportation, a flexible platform has been designed and here, in this paper, is presented. It permits one to set up heterogeneous and complex scenarios that integrate sensors/actuators as IoT/IoE in an overall Big Data, Machine Learning and Data Analytics scenario. A detailed and complex case-study has been presented to validate the solution in the context of a system that dynamically reverse the traveling direction of a road segment, with all the safety conditions in place. This case study composes several building blocks of the IoT platform, which demonstrate that a flexible and dynamic set-up is possible, supporting security, safety, local, cloud and mixed solutions.

scholarly journals Recent Advances in Organocatalyzed Asymmetric Synthesis of Benzopyran and Benzodihydropyran (Chromane) Nuclei

Symmetry ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1510
Author(s):  
Renato Dalpozzo ◽  
Raffaella Mancuso
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Asymmetric Synthesis ◽  
Organic Synthesis ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Core Structure ◽  
The Core ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Set Up

Benzopyran and benzodihydropyran (chromane) nuclei are the core structure of many natural products, in particular flavonoids. Many compounds possessing this structure are nutraceuticals, pharmaceutical nutrients. Therefore, benzopyran and chromane scaffolds are important building blocks in organic synthesis and many efforts have been made to set up efficient methods for their synthesis. In particular, asymmetric methods are of great importance, being natural products, and generally chiral substances. This review aims to cover literature in the range 2017–first half of 2019.

scholarly journals Systematic design of microscope objectives. Part III: miscellaneous design principles and system synthesis

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 385-402
Author(s):  
Yueqian Zhang ◽  
Herbert Gross
Keyword(s):  
Building Blocks ◽  
Design Principles ◽  
Correction Function ◽  
High Magnification ◽  
Systematic Design ◽  
Diffractive Optical Elements ◽  
Optical Elements ◽  
Special Cases ◽  
Very High ◽  
New System

Abstract In this paper, the lens modules used in the Zones 1–4 microscope objectives, which have been summarised in Part II, are utilised to create new structures. Both the modification of available systems and the synthesis of new system structures from basic building blocks are introduced. Moreover, design principles used under four special cases are introduced in this paper, including very-low-magnification Zone 5 objectives, very-high-magnification Zone 6 objectives, objectives with correction function (CORR) and objectives with diffractive optical elements, which were not systematically discussed in Part II. All the definitions and terms are based on the preceding papers.

The Politics of North Korea's Unification Policies 1950–1965

1967 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 218-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soon Sung Cho
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Research Organization ◽  
Republic Of Korea ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Popular Support ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Frequency Intensity

Since the April 1960 student-led revolution there, debate in South Korea on the peaceful unification of the two Koreas has increased in frequency, intensity, and popularity among students, intellectuals, political parties, and other social groups. Popular support for independent and peaceful unification is rapidly mounting. This changing mood may be due to more effective North Korean propaganda as well as to the unhappy economic conditions in South Korea. In response to North Korea's aggressive unification campaign, the ROK (Republic of Korea) government has found it necessary to set up a research organization dedicated solely to the study of problems of unification.

ARCHITECTURAL CHANGES IN LIEPAJA’S CENTER DUE TO ECONOMIC CONDITIONS AND POLITICAL IDEOLOGY

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 483
Author(s):  
Silvija Ozola
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Political Ideology ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
100Th Anniversary ◽  
City Center ◽  
Architectural Analysis ◽  
Reinforced Concrete Bridge ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The City

In Liepaja, until 1703 economic developed on the Trade Port channel’s southern embankment. The main traffic flow changed his direction: from the port to the New Market leads Great (Latvian: Lielā) Street, at which end a wooden bridge was built over the channel. In the 19th century, the Administrative Center formed at the New Market Square’s vicinity. Streets connected squares and green structures in a united system. The Rose Square was set up instead the New Market. During World War II, the building at embankments and Great Street was destroyed. Using the Master Plan, approved in 1950, architect Vladimir Kruglov created the Detailed Plan for developed of Liepaja Center and Great Street. A reinforced-concrete bridge was built across the channel. Until the 100th Anniversary of the Proclamation of Independence of Latvia, the bridge was expanded, but Great Street was reconstructed. The object of the research – the city center of Liepaja and Great Street. Research problem – architectural changes of the city center of Liepaja and Great Street has studied not sufficiently. Research novelty – architectural analysis of the city center of Liepaja and Great Street. The goal of the research – to determine the typical changes in planning of the city center and Great Street in the context of Liepaja urban development. Main methods applied – analysis of archive documents, projects and cartographic materials of urban planning, as well as study of published literature and inspection of buildings in nature.

A SYSTEMATIC APPROACH TO GENERATING N-SCROLL ATTRACTORS

2002 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 2907-2915 ◽  
Author(s):  
GUO-QUN ZHONG ◽  
KIM-FUNG MAN ◽  
GUANRONG CHEN
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Approach ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Chaotic Attractors ◽  
Chua’S Circuit ◽  
Chua's Circuit ◽  
Nonlinear Resistor ◽  
Construction Scheme ◽  
Break Points ◽  
Set Up

A new circuitry design based on Chua's circuit for generating n-scroll attractors (n = 1, 2, 3, …) is proposed. In this design, the nonlinear resistor in Chua's circuit is constructed via a systematical procedure using basic building blocks. With the proposed construction scheme, the slopes and break points of the v–i characteristic of the circuit can be tuned independently, and chaotic attractors with an even or an odd number of scrolls can be easily generated. Distinct attractors with n-scrolls (n = 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10) obtained with this simple experimental set-up are demonstrated.

scholarly journals Building blocks for commodity augmented reality-based molecular visualization and modeling in web browsers

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e260
Author(s):  
Luciano A. Abriata
Keyword(s):  
Augmented Reality ◽  
Chemistry Education ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Time Estimation ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Web Content ◽  
Molecular Visualization ◽  
Molecular Systems ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Immersive Technologies

For years, immersive interfaces using virtual and augmented reality (AR) for molecular visualization and modeling have promised a revolution in the way how we teach, learn, communicate and work in chemistry, structural biology and related areas. However, most tools available today for immersive modeling require specialized hardware and software, and are costly and cumbersome to set up. These limitations prevent wide use of immersive technologies in education and research centers in a standardized form, which in turn prevents large-scale testing of the actual effects of such technologies on learning and thinking processes. Here, I discuss building blocks for creating marker-based AR applications that run as web pages on regular computers, and explore how they can be exploited to develop web content for handling virtual molecular systems in commodity AR with no more than a webcam- and internet-enabled computer. Examples span from displaying molecules, electron microscopy maps and molecular orbitals with minimal amounts of HTML code, to incorporation of molecular mechanics, real-time estimation of experimental observables and other interactive resources using JavaScript. These web apps provide virtual alternatives to physical, plastic-made molecular modeling kits, where the computer augments the experience with information about spatial interactions, reactivity, energetics, etc. The ideas and prototypes introduced here should serve as starting points for building active content that everybody can utilize online at minimal cost, providing novel interactive pedagogic material in such an open way that it could enable mass-testing of the effect of immersive technologies on chemistry education.

scholarly journals Resilient Drinking Water Resources

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ritsche A. Kloosterman ◽  
Jan Peter van der Hoek ◽  
Paulien Herder
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Design Principles ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Strategic Decisions ◽  
Political Issues ◽  
Drinking Water Resources ◽  
Key Characteristics ◽  
Uncertain Future

AbstractA significant challenge for managers of drinking water infrastructures is to make effective strategic decisions for assets with a long lifetime in an uncertain and changing environment. Water resources, which are part of the drinking water infrastructures, have a special position in this decision making process as they operate at the interface of the socio-technical and the socio-ecological subsystems: water resources are the input for the technical system, consisting of pipes and pumps that interact with different actors; and water resources can be seen as output from the ecological system which is influenced by environmental and political issues like climate change, drought and competing and changing uses of water and space. This paper discusses how to design the water resources in such a way that they function in the desired way at present, but that the design also fits an uncertain future as good as possible. To this extent, a framework was developed based upon the notion of resilience. Existing general design principles for socio-technical systems from literature were used as building blocks in the development of our water resources design principles (WR-DP) framework. Three key characteristics of water resources were distinguished in this framework: water quantity, water quality and the environmental impact of the water resources. In addition, we distinguished two dimensions that allowed us to explicitly describe all possible design principles: system scale and class. The first dimension, system scale, ranges from one water resource to a network of water resources. The second dimension, class, makes a distinction between social aspects and technical aspects. Application of the WR-DP framework in a case of a drinking water company in the Netherlands showed the usability of the framework.

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