scholarly journals A decomposition of US business sector TFP growth into technical progress and cost efficiency components

2018 ◽  
Vol 50 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 71-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Erwin Diewert ◽  
Kevin J. Fox
Keyword(s):  
Technical Progress ◽  
Cost Efficiency ◽  
Business Sector ◽  
Tfp Growth

scholarly journals Islamic Banks vs. Conventional Banks in Bangladesh: A Comparative Study Based on its Efficiency in Operation

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faisal Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Data Envelopment Analysis ◽  
Technical Progress ◽  
Cost Efficiency ◽  
Commercial Banks ◽  
Productivity Index ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Islamic Banks ◽  
Factor Productivity ◽  
Conventional Banks ◽  
Better Than

The main purpose of this study is to make a comparison between Islamic banks (IBs) and Conventional banks (CBs) in Bangladesh based on its efficiency in operation. The Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is employed under CRS and VRS approach, which allows for the decomposition of efficiency into technical, allocated and cost efficiency. The study also measures changes in productivity over the time as a result of technical progress by employing the Malmquist Total Factor Productivity Index. The results explain that the technical efficiency of IBs is better than that of CBs, but allocated and cost efficiency (CE) of IBs are higher than CBs. In Bangladesh there are 62 commercial banks included 8 Islamic Banks that are regulated by Bangladesh Bank (BB).  

scholarly journals Structural change and non-constant biased technical change

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Edgar Cruz
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Structural Change ◽  
Technical Progress ◽  
Technical Change ◽  
Structural Transformations ◽  
World War ◽  
Tfp Growth ◽  
Sectoral Growth ◽  
The U.S

AbstractEmpirical evidence suggests that the differences in rates of technical progress across sectors are time-variant, implying that the bias in technological change is not constant. In this paper, we analyze the implications of this non-constant sectoral biased technical change for structural change and we assess whether this is an important factor behind structural transformations. To this end, we develop a multi-sectoral growth model where TFP growth rates across sectors are non-constant. We calibrate our model to match the development of the U.S. economy during the twentieth century. Our findings show that, by assuming non-constant biased technical change, a purely technological approach is able to replicate the sectoral transformations in the U.S. economy not only after but also prior to World War II.

The Technical Progress and Resilience in Productivity Growth of Korea's Growth-Leading Industries

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mi Kyung Pai
Keyword(s):  
Technical Progress ◽  
Financial Crises ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Industrial Structure ◽  
Stochastic Frontier ◽  
Manufacturing Industries ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Production Model ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Tfp Growth

This study investigates the total factor productivity (TFP) growth of targeted industries, and seeks to verifiy upgrading in Korea's industrial structure by examining changes in its growth-leading industries from 1995 to 2012. In addition, it also examines the main source behind the resilience in the TFP growth of 37 key manufacturing industries after two global financial crises. The stochastic frontier production model is applied using a micro-level panel data set of the establishments for the 37 key manufacturing industries for the estimations. Empirical results show that a steadily high rate of technical progress was the driving force behind the resilience in the TFP growth of the 21 growth-leading industries after two global financial crises. The 21 growth-leading industries achieved nearly five times the TFP growth and four times the technological progress of the other 16 key industries. A change in the growth-leading industries in 2012 shows an upgrade in the industrial structure with more knowledge-based and high-technology-based industries than in 2000 and 2005. The study suggests further research on the role of institutions and industrial policies for industrial upgrading based on the findings of this study in order for Korea to enhance its industrial development for a more sustainable long-run economic growth.

The Effects of the Transition Period on the Knowledge Transfer Market in Romanian Agriculture

2019 ◽  
pp. 316-346
Author(s):  
Gabriel Popescu ◽  
Simona Bara ◽  
Elena Preda
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Transfer ◽  
Technical Progress ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Business Sector ◽  
Agricultural Producers ◽  
Main Components

As the process of globalization intensifies, the demand for agri-food products is growing and much technical progress is needed. In the process of manufacturing agri-food products, a special role is played by the knowledge transfer market. At the same time, its functionality is given by the size, quality, and structure of the main components: supply and demand of information and knowledge, linkages between the two components. Linkage vectors between the two components coordinate the process of knowledge and information transferfrom the producers (research entities, universities, and the business sector) to the beneficiaries (the agricultural producers). The chapter captures the evolution of these actors involved in the knowledge transfer market of the Romanian agriculture.

scholarly journals Contributions of Productivity and Relative Price Changes to Wheat Profitability Changes in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Xiu-Shuang ◽  
Yu Kang
Keyword(s):  
Technical Progress ◽  
Technological Progress ◽  
Relative Price ◽  
Productivity Index ◽  
Driving Factor ◽  
Factor Productivity ◽  
Efficiency Change ◽  
Tfp Growth ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Total Price

Using the provincial panel data of wheat from 1998 to 2018, based on the total price and quantity framework proposed by O'Donnell(2010), and using Färe-Primont productivity index, this artical decomposes the change of wheat profitability into the change of input-output relative price (TT) and the change of total factor productivity (TFP), and further decomposes the change of TFP into technological progress and efficiency change based on input orientation. The results showed that the overall profitability of wheat decreased by 24.9% compared with 1998, which was attributed to the decrease of TT by 32.6% and the increase of TFP by 11.4%. Results indicate that profitability change is mainly driven by TT change, and the impact of TT change on wheat profitability was alleviated by the compensatory change of TFP. The main driving factor of wheat TFP growth is technical progress, Compared with the growth of technical progress, the technical efficiency grows slowly.

A generalized fuzzy cost efficiency model

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 1775-1791
Author(s):  
Nazila Aghayi ◽  
Samira Salehpour
Keyword(s):  
Cost Efficiency ◽  
Minimum Cost ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Fuzzy Environment ◽  
Decision Making Unit ◽  
Production Possibility Set ◽  
Fuzzy Cost ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Generalized Cost

The concept of cost efficiency has become tremendously popular in data envelopment analysis (DEA) as it serves to assess a decision-making unit (DMU) in terms of producing minimum-cost outputs. A large variety of precise and imprecise models have been put forward to measure cost efficiency for the DMUs which have a role in constructing the production possibility set; yet, there’s not an extensive literature on the cost efficiency (CE) measurement for sample DMUs (SDMUs). In an effort to remedy the shortcomings of current models, herein is introduced a generalized cost efficiency model that is capable of operating in a fuzzy environment-involving different types of fuzzy numbers-while preserving the Farrell’s decomposition of cost efficiency. Moreover, to the best of our knowledge, the present paper is the first to measure cost efficiency by using vectors. Ultimately, a useful example is provided to confirm the applicability of the proposed methods.

Digital and Technical Developments in the Amblyopia Therapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 237 (10) ◽  
pp. 1172-1176
Author(s):  
Charlotte Schramm ◽  
Yaroslava Wenner
Keyword(s):  
New Media ◽  
Digital Media ◽  
Technical Progress ◽  
Therapy Monitoring ◽  
Everyday Lives ◽  
Technical Developments ◽  
The Future

AbstractThe digital media becomes more and more common in our everyday lives. So it is not surprising that technical progress is also leaving its mark on amblyopia therapy. New media and technologies can be used both in the actual amblyopia therapy or therapy monitoring. In particular in this review shutter glasses, therapy monitoring and analysis using microsensors and newer video programs for amblyopia therapy are presented and critically discussed. Currently, these cannot yet replace classic amblyopia therapy. They represent interesting options that will occupy us even more in the future.

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