The Effects of the Transition Period on the Knowledge Transfer Market in Romanian Agriculture

2019 ◽  
pp. 316-346
Author(s):  
Gabriel Popescu ◽  
Simona Bara ◽  
Elena Preda
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Transfer ◽  
Technical Progress ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Business Sector ◽  
Agricultural Producers ◽  
Main Components

As the process of globalization intensifies, the demand for agri-food products is growing and much technical progress is needed. In the process of manufacturing agri-food products, a special role is played by the knowledge transfer market. At the same time, its functionality is given by the size, quality, and structure of the main components: supply and demand of information and knowledge, linkages between the two components. Linkage vectors between the two components coordinate the process of knowledge and information transferfrom the producers (research entities, universities, and the business sector) to the beneficiaries (the agricultural producers). The chapter captures the evolution of these actors involved in the knowledge transfer market of the Romanian agriculture.

scholarly journals BASIC METHODS AND FEATURES OF THE SYSTEM OF PROMOTION OF ORGANIC PRODUCTS

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iryna Novytska ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Food Products ◽  
Organizational Structures ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Agricultural Producers ◽  
Organic Products ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Product Promotion

The current state of development of socio-economic processes requires increasing the level of food security of the state, especially providing the population with quality, environmentally friendly food products of domestic production. However, agricultural producers, trying to constantly increase production, use intensive technologies of agriculture based on chemicalization, which leads to significant soil degradation, violation of the ecological balance of agroecosystems, contamination of agri-food products with radionuclides, heavy metals, pesticides. Therefore, in Ukraine there is a strategic task - to increase the production of organic products to meet their own needs, while entering international food markets. It is established that in the framework of the implementation of modern marketing concepts for producers the attractiveness of organic production is growing. Ukraine lags far behind the developed countries in terms of organic consumption. Having identified the features of individual components of the complex of organic food sales and recommendations for their improvement in order to strengthen competitiveness in the market. Problems of developing scientific methods for promoting organic products in the marketing system of organic enterprises are insufficiently studied. In particular, this applies to methods of product promotion for organic producers, as well as the definition of the main elements of the product promotion system, which include goals, principles, types, methods, organizational structures, functions, stages and results of promotion of organic products. The article considers the concept of the system of promotion of organic producers; the content of the main components of this system, such as goals, principles, types, methods, functions, organizational management structures, stages and indicators of product promotion results are revealed. The peculiarities of the system of promotion of organic products are reflected. Two main groups of methods for producers of organic products are proposed. A brief description of the content of these techniques is given. Techniques grouped by the main stages of product promotion.

Gemeinsprachliche Ressourcen beim Wissens- und Wissenschaftstransfer - die Rolle der Deixis bei der propositionalen Komposition in universitären Vorlesungen in den Fächern Physik und Maschinenbau

Fachsprache ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 104-122
Author(s):  
Winfried Thielmann
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Transfer ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Mechanical Engineering ◽  
Academic Language ◽  
Ordinary Language ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Academic Teaching

Abstract Languages for special purposes have mainly been considered from the point of view that they are specialized, i.e. that they satisfy the terminological needs of expression of specialized groups. The purpose of this contribution is to demonstrate that specialized discourses such as university lectures may make specific use of ordinary language devices. An analysis of sections from German lectures in physics and mechanical engineering reveals that deictics play a special role in propositional  composition. The findings are relevant for the general principles of linguistic science and knowledge transfer as well as for teaching German as a first or second academic language. Schlagwörter: Sprache wissenschaftlicher Lehre – Deixis – Physik – Maschinenbau – propositionale Komposition Key words: Language of academic teaching – deictics – physics – mechanical engineering – propositional composition

scholarly journals Działalność innowacyjna i inwestycje w maszyny i urządzenia w przemyśle spożywczym w Polsce a wyzwania współczesnej gospodarki

2018 ◽  
Vol 105 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-109
Author(s):  
Irena Łącka
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Technical Progress ◽  
Manufacturing Process ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
New Economy ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Innovative Activity ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Use Of Resources

Polish food industry challenges result from current and future changes in world’s economy i.e. the need of the optimization of manufacturing process, the increase of effectiveness of the use of resources, solving the personnel problems together and implementing innovations and technical progress. The aim of the article was to present the innovative activity of companies of this sector in years 2010-2016 with indicating tendencies in this scope. The analysis of investments in machines and devices aimed at evaluation of condition and prospects of technical progress of entities in food industry. The research has shown that the majority of this sector is weakly prepared to facing the challenges of new economy. This is indicated by low expenditures into the innovative activity of entities, the structure of those expenditures as well as results of activities during examined period. The analysis of the statistical data have shown that during this tested time the producers of food products and beverages have increased their investment in machines and devices in order to increase their effectiveness of the use of resources and modernize their machinery. During the research following methods were used: study of national and foreign literature, comparative analysis and elements of descriptive statistics. To analyze the innovative activity and investments of entities in machines and devices the data of public statistics was used.

scholarly journals Structure and Determinants of Intra-Industry Trade in Agro -Food Sector of Bosnia and Herzegovina

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 154
Author(s):  
Vesna Mrdalj
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Food Sector ◽  
Industry Trade ◽  
Unit Value ◽  
Comparative Advantages ◽  
Well Data

This paper aims to contribute to a better understanding of the structure and determinants of intra –industry trade specialization in agro food sector of Bosnia and Herzegovina over the transition period. The empirical analysis based on calculation of the following indicators: Grubel – Lloyd index (GL), Revealed Comparative Advantages (RCA indicator) and Relative unit value (RUV indicator). In order to show the level of intra-industry trade specialisation and to examine comparative advantages at sectoral level, as well for individual product group, are calculated Grubel – Lloyd index and RCA indicator. RUV indicator is used for analysis of two components of total intra-industry trade (TIIT); horizontal intra – industry trade (HIIT) and vertical intra- industry trade (VIIT) of agro-food products in Bosnia and Hercegovina. The analysis and calculations of above mentioned indicators are conducted using the data about international trade of agro-food products in Bosnia and Hercegovina for period of time 2008-2015, as well data at 4 – digit level, classified according to HS (Harmonised System). The final analysis in this paper is finished through applying K - means cluster analysis. K - means method was used for identificiation of different clusters of agricultural and food commodity groups related to comparative advantages, level of specialization in intra – industry trade, as well as the ratio between unit value export and unit value import. The emprical results indicated that GL index for observed period at sectoral level is lower than 50 %. The values of RCA indicator for agro-food sector of Bosnia and Herzegovina in international trade and to important trade markets indicate lack of comaparative advantages. In the structure of intra – industry trade is dominated vertical specialization.

The special role of the ECB during the transition period

2019 ◽  
pp. 163-168
Author(s):  
Stefan Kawalec ◽  
Ernest Pytlarczyk ◽  
Kamil Kamiński
Keyword(s):  
Transition Period ◽  
Special Role

Study on Compilation and Application of Engineering Cost Index for Construction Project in China

2013 ◽  
Vol 357-360 ◽  
pp. 2233-2237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Ke ◽  
Rui Zhu Wu ◽  
Gao Feng Luo
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Market Economy ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Cost Index ◽  
Control Engineering ◽  
Construction Market ◽  
The Core ◽  
Engineering Cost ◽  
Edge Tool

Engineering cost index is one of the core tools to reflect the change of supply and demand in construction market and the level of productivity development. This paper comprehensively analyzes the actuality of compilation and application of engineering cost index from some representative provinces and cities in China, and systematically introduces and contrasts the application of engineering cost index in developed and developing countries or regions, providing reference for the engineering cost index during the transition to market economy in our country in the transition period, making it the edge tool to control engineering cost in a reasonable way.

scholarly journals Hedging with Futures and Options under a Truncated Cash Price Distribution

1999 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 449-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven D. Hanson ◽  
Robert J. Myers ◽  
James H. Hilker
Keyword(s):  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Agricultural Producers ◽  
Market Prices ◽  
Basis Risk ◽  
Agricultural Improvement ◽  
Loan Rate ◽  
Price Distribution ◽  
Farm Programs ◽  
Yield Risk ◽  
Futures And Options

AbstractMany agricultural producers face cash price distributions that are effectively truncated at a lower limit through participation in farm programs designed to support farm prices and incomes. For example, the 1996 Federal Agricultural Improvement Act (FAIR) makes many producers eligible to obtain marketing loans which truncate their cash price realization at the loan rate, while allowing market prices to freely equilibrate supply and demand. This paper studies the effects of truncated cash price distributions on the optimal use of futures and options. The results show that truncation in the cash price distribution facing an individual producer provides incentives to trade options as well as futures. We derive optimal futures and options trading rules under a range of different truncation scenarios. Empirical results highlight the impacts of basis risk and yield risk on the optimal futures and options portfolio.

A disequilibrium evaluation of public intervention in agricultural credit markets

2017 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Todd Hubbs ◽  
Todd Kuethe
Keyword(s):  
Credit Markets ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Excess Demand ◽  
Agricultural Producers ◽  
Public Intervention ◽  
Linear Solution ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Excess Supply ◽  
Solution Algorithms ◽  
Private Credit

Purpose Agricultural producers rely on debt capital to support many functions of their enterprise, yet private credit markets are frequently characterized by an imbalance between supply and demand. As a result, a number of public lending programs exist to mitigate the perceived market failures of private credit markets that serve agricultural producers. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach This study uses a structural disequilibrium model to examine the potential for excess demand or supply in the private market for non-real estate farm loans between 1978 and 2014. Findings The model demonstrates that the market is frequently characterized by disequilibrium, fluctuating between periods of excess demand and excess supply. These disequilibrium periods motivate the discussion of public intervention as a policy proposal within the agricultural sector. Originality/value This study uses traditional disequilibrium modeling to evaluate the private credit market for agriculture lending in a manner that has not been attempted previously in the literature. The model uses maximum likelihood methods with non-linear solution algorithms to investigate excess supply and demand in the sector.

The effect of supply and demand shocks on the non-market valuation of local public goods

1999 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 471-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.R. DESHAZO
Keyword(s):  
Public Goods ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Local Public Goods ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Demand Shocks ◽  
Supply And Demand Shocks ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Non Market Valuation ◽  
Spatial Arbitrage

For local public goods, supply or demand shocks may create periods during which it is welfare enhancing for households to undertake spatial arbitrage by relocating residentially. We point out that the magnitude and direction of the average benefit estimate obtained during such a transition period is likely to vary systematically depending upon the magnitude of the shock, the level of transaction costs and the extent to which other affected goods are substitutes or complements. We test a subset of our model's predictions using cross-sectional data on household demand for improved municipal services in post-socialist Romania. Our preliminary empirical analysis suggests that there have been substantial gains in welfare resulting from spatial adjustment following the opening up of housing markets. Furthermore, our results indicate that benefit estimates for improved water services during the transition may be substantially higher than long-run estimates. This limited evidence supports our concern that economists may recommend non-optimal levels of long-run investment, regulation, or user fees if they are unaware of the implications of future readjustment to supply or demand shocks.

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