Addressing child marriage and adolescent pregnancy as barriers to gender parity and equality in education

Prospects ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Psaki
Keyword(s):  
Adolescent Pregnancy ◽  
Child Marriage ◽  
Gender Parity ◽  
Equality In Education

scholarly journals Gender issue in modern education: Theory and practice

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 87-95
Author(s):  
Stepanenko et al. ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Gender Inequality ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Gender Imbalance ◽  
Gender Parity ◽  
Inequality In Education ◽  
Equality In Education ◽  
The Impact

So far, gender inequality in education has been considered in the context of inequality in women’s access to technical specialties, the impact of education on the fertility rate and wages of women, the impact of religious, cultural, social-economic values on women’s education level. However, this concept does little to explain the gender imbalance and low quality of human capital in an environment where women have the opportunity to be educated in any field of knowledge through a feminization in the European countries. The research methodology is based on the correlation analysis of indicators of gender equality in education in Germany, France, Poland, and Ukraine for 1991-2018. The purpose of the study is to identify the trends and dynamics of gender changes in education, the level of gender inequality and establish the causes and effects of gender asymmetry in some European countries. To evaluate gender equality in education, we used the Gender Parity Index. The results of correlation analysis prove the presence of a direct connection between the level of fertility and the Gender Parity Index in the field of primary and higher education, while in the field of secondary education-reverse. Such tendencies are inherent in almost all countries of Europe. The analysis of indicators characterizing the level of education of women within the Eurozone countries shows the decisive role of the structure of the economy and the needs of the labor market in specialists with digital skills and mental abilities. The structure of the economy and the efficiency of various sectors ensure the reduction of gender inequality in education, contributing to overall economic growth and GDP per capita. Political institutions and national policies indirectly influence gender inequality in education by regulating the development of sectors of the economy with different levels of female employment. The proposed paradigm of gender inequality is based on the crucial role of skills, competencies, and abilities regardless of gender. The gender imbalance has been overcome in countries with a high level of women’s competence. Competence is a new paradigm in overcoming gender inequality.

scholarly journals GENDER CONCEPT and ROLES FOR DEVELOPMENT

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (46) ◽  
pp. 11381-11389
Author(s):  
Subhash Singh
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equality ◽  
Educational Opportunities ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Social Construct ◽  
Gender Parity ◽  
Quality And Outcomes ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Outcomes Of Education ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Equality In Education

The paper examines the concept of gender and sex, the difference between gender and sex and explain the terms gender dynamics. Gender is a social construct that impacts attitudes, roles, responsibilities and behavior patterns of boys and girls, men and women in all societies. Increasing attention has been given to the importance of achieving gender equality in education. To date, however, most efforts have focused on addressing gender parity - an equal number or proportion of girls and boys accessing educational opportunities. Although simple gender parity may be easier to measure, gender equality encompasses a wider concept, of which gender parity is only a part. Gender equality moves beyond access and requires that girls and boys also experience the same levels of quality and outcomes of education. One of the key impediments to achieving gender equality in education is that it cannot be addressed in a vacuum; rather, educational institutions are products of the inequalities that exist in larger society.

scholarly journals Marriage Experience from the Girl’s Perspective: A Scoping Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 186
Author(s):  
Farhah Kamilah ◽  
Elyse Maria Rosa
Keyword(s):  
Adolescent Pregnancy ◽  
Teenage Pregnancy ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Premarital Sex ◽  
Child Marriage ◽  
Cultural Elements ◽  
Married Life ◽  
Self Actualization ◽  
Research Findings

Background: Child marriage is a marriage that is conducted formally or informally by spouses or with one of the spouses aged 18. Child marriage is a phenomenon that involves socio-cultural elements thus many factors influence it. Girls are 3 times more likely to experience child marriage than boys. Various conditions that occur in child marriage have generated interest in seeing a broader view of how married girls view their married life. Objective: This review was conducted to explore research findings related to the experiences of girls who were married under 18 years of age so that it could be used as an illustration to see the condition of girls in child marriage life. Methods: This review used three databases PubMed, ProQuest, and EbscoHost. The search for articles used main keywords, namely "child marriage", "women experience", and "marriage life" combined with helper keywords. The articles were full-text, in English, not limited by year and country, and discussed child marriage from a woman's perspective. Results: This review was done on 10 articles that were screened and analyzed out of 2259 articles. All articles used a qualitative method and were originated from Malaysia (2 articles), Pakistan (2 articles), Iran (2 articles), United States, Morocco, Jordan, and Israel. The total participants were 187 people from all articles. The causes of marriage in girls were poverty, prevention of premarital sex, adolescent pregnancy solutions, and personal desires of the girls. The state of marriage was seen from self-actualization and pressures on the role of girls in married life. Conclusion: This review summarized the reasons for marriage before the age of 18 were due to poverty factors, the avoidance of premarital sex, teenage pregnancy solutions and the willingness of girls themselves to marry. This review also summarized the situation of girls in child marriages who were unable to be self-reliant and were under pressure to perform their position in the household. Child marriage also caused new issues in the lives of girls, hence it was necessary to consider getting married at the age of under 18 years.

scholarly journals Child Marriage: A Critical Barrier to Girls’ Schooling and Gender Equality in Education

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 69-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer McCleary-Sills ◽  
Lucia Hanmer ◽  
Jennifer Parsons ◽  
Jeni Klugman
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equality ◽  
Child Marriage ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Equality In Education

scholarly journals Social Accountability for Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 13-39
Author(s):  
Giri Prasad Panthi
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Health Service ◽  
Adolescent Pregnancy ◽  
Sexual And Reproductive Health ◽  
Social Accountability ◽  
Child Marriage ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Adolescent Population ◽  
Gender Based

Adolescent population of Nepal is facing health and social problems related to sexual, reproductive, behavioral and traditional social practices. Adolescent pregnancy, child marriage, unwanted pregnancies, Chhaupadhi (restrictions during menstruation and delivery), sexual- gender based violence, unsafe abortion, HIV/AIDS, drug addiction and suicide are major problems which have severe consequences in the lives of adolescents in Nepal. Addressing such daunting problems that adolescents are facing today needs holistic approach, going beyond health. Wider community support, civic engagement and social mobilizations are required to tackle the ASRH problems. Community Based Institutions (CBIs), Community Leaders and citizens have obligations to respond to the problems related with service delivery and ending harmful practice as a social accountability for protection, fulfill and upholding the rights of adolescents. In this context, the objective of this study is assess awareness and engagement capacity of citizens for addressing adolescent sexual and reproductive health problems as a social accountability in Baitadi District of Nepal. Descriptive and analytical research design were used to assess the level of awareness and empowerment from the citizen’ perspectives. A total of 337 respondents affiliated with the five different types of community based institutions (CBIs) were interviewed using structured questionnaire for data collection and data analysis was done by using SPSS version 16.0. The preliminary results of the study reveals that majority of citizens were aware and informed about SRH problems of adolescents, citizens perceived that child-marriage (15%) is the main issue of adolescents in the community followed by Gender Based Violence (13.4%) and adolescent pregnancy (12.7%) among others. The study reveals that citizens belonging to rural areas have more citizen, actions on preventing child marriage; awareness level was higher among citizens from Non-Dalit communities than in Dalit communities. Further, 59.9 percent citizens feel confident to talk about sexual-reproductive health services related concerns in the meeting whereas 32.6 percent citizens perceived that they are hesitant to speak on SRH issues. Similarly, nearly half of the citizens perceived that they were not capable of deciding freely to talk about SRH related issues in the meeting. Only 61.1 percent citizens feel confident to claim for access to quality health service as their fundamental rights from public health facilities. The study concluded that majority of citizens affiliated with Community Based Institutions were aware about characteristics and Sexual and Reproductive Health issues of adolescent population at their communities. However, still a sizeable citizen felt less confident to use their individual agency to decide freely, speaking up against existing traditional norms and shown less confident in claiming Sexual and Reproductive health service as rights. The study revealed that citizen’s accountability capacity is inadequate for tackling adolescent sexual and reproductive health service provision and social behavior change at the community level and therefore this calls for the dire needs to build the capacity of vanguard citizens to contribute to improving adolescents sexual and reproductive health status.Himalayan Journal of Sociology & Anthropology - Vol. VII (2016), page: 13-39

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