Searching on campus? The marriage market effects of changing student sex ratios

Review of Economics of the Household ◽

10.1007/s11150-021-09565-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Nico Pestel

Keyword(s):

Sex Ratio ◽

Marriage Market ◽

Educational Status ◽

Household Composition ◽

University Graduates ◽

Market Outcomes ◽

Secular Changes ◽

Market Effects ◽

Market Opportunities ◽

Using Data

AbstractThis paper studies how secular changes in the student sex ratio affect marriage market outcomes for university graduates. Using data from Germany, I find that a higher own-gender share within the field of study reduces marriage market opportunities for women, while the opposite is true for men. Moreover, an imbalanced student sex ratio changes the composition of couples. For women, a higher female share decreases the probability of having a spouse from the same field, while men are more likely to marry down with respect to educational status when the male share is high. These findings suggest that the secular changes in the sex ratio of university students have important implications beyond the labor market by affecting the household composition among the high-skilled population.

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Sexual Violence against Women and Labor Market Outcomes

The American Economic Review ◽

10.1257/aer.103.3.274 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 103 (3) ◽

pp. 274-278 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Joseph J Sabia ◽

Angela K Dills ◽

Jeffrey DeSimone

Keyword(s):

Labor Market ◽

Sexual Violence ◽

Violence Against Women ◽

Unobserved Heterogeneity ◽

Lower Probability ◽

Market Outcomes ◽

Market Effects ◽

Using Data ◽

Physical Consequences ◽

Market Consequences

This study is the first in the economics literature to explore the labor market consequences of sexual violence toward women. Using data from the Add Health, we find that sexual violence against women is associated with a 6.6 percent lower probability of labor force participation and 5.1 percent lower average wages. These estimates are robust to controls for unobserved heterogeneity at the school- and family-levels, as well as detailed controls for personality, personal discount rates, and risk preferences. We find that the adverse labor market effects of sexual violence are partially explained by its adverse psychological and physical consequences.

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Population dynamics and marriage payments: an analysis of the long run equilibrium in India

The B E Journal of Macroeconomics ◽

10.1515/bejm-2017-0191 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 18 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Sudeshna Maitra

Keyword(s):

Population Dynamics ◽

Sex Ratio ◽

Marriage Market ◽

Gender Preference ◽

Market Outcomes ◽

Indian Women ◽

Men And Women ◽

Dynamic General Equilibrium Model ◽

Age At Marriage ◽

Long Run

Abstract Why do scarce Indian women pay dowry to secure grooms even as the sex-ratio of offspring is manipulated by parents? We develop a dynamic general equilibrium model of demographic and marriage market outcomes with endogenous gender preference. We find, that under a calibration of parameters suggested by Indian marriage market indicators, any long run steady state equilibrium must have both dowry and a masculine sex ratio. The key assumption that generates this result is the asymmetric marital preferences of men and women regarding own and spouse’s ideal age at marriage.

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Early Labour Market Outcomes of Recent Canadian University Graduates by Discipline: A Longitudinal, Cross-Cohort Analysis

SSRN Electronic Journal ◽

10.2139/ssrn.316850 ◽

2003 ◽

Author(s):

Ross Finnie

Keyword(s):

Labour Market ◽

Cohort Analysis ◽

University Graduates ◽

Market Outcomes ◽

Early Labour ◽

Labour Market Outcomes

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Social Investment, Redistribution or Basic Income? Exploring the Association Between Automation Risk and Welfare State Attitudes in Europe

Journal of Social Policy ◽

10.1017/s0047279421000519 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-20

Author(s):

MARIUS R. BUSEMEYER ◽

ALEXANDER H. J. SAHM

Keyword(s):

Welfare State ◽

Technological Change ◽

European Social Survey ◽

Welfare States ◽

Basic Income ◽

Social Investment ◽

Market Outcomes ◽

Social Survey ◽

Investment Policies ◽

Using Data

Abstract Rapid technological change – the digitalization and automation of work – is challenging contemporary welfare states. Most of the existing research, however, focuses on its effect on labor market outcomes, such as employment or wage levels. In contrast, this paper studies the implications of technological change for welfare state attitudes and preferences. Compared to previous work on this topic, this paper adopts a much broader perspective regarding different kinds of social policy. Using data from the European Social Survey, we find that individual automation risk is positively associated with support for redistribution, but negatively with support for social investment policies (partly depending on the specific measure of automation risk that is used), while there is no statistically significant association with support for basic income. We also find a moderating effect of the overall size of the welfare state on the micro-level association between risk and preferences.

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Labor Market Effects of Marijuana and Cocaine Use among Young Men

ILR Review ◽

10.1177/001979399204500302 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 45 (3) ◽

pp. 435-448 ◽

Cited By ~ 38

Author(s):

Charles A. Register ◽

Donald R. Williams

Keyword(s):

Labor Market ◽

Drug Use ◽

Longitudinal Survey ◽

National Longitudinal Survey ◽

Productivity Effect ◽

Cocaine Use ◽

Market Effects ◽

Net Productivity ◽

Using Data

Using data on marijuana and cocaine use from the 1984 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, the authors examine the hypothesis that drug use reduces labor market productivity, as measured by wages. From an analysis that controls for the probability of employment and the endogeneity of drug use, they find that although long-term and on-the-job use of marijuana negatively affected wages, the net productivity effect for all marijuana users (both those who engaged in long-term or on-the-job use and those who did not) was positive. No statistically significant association was found between cocaine use and productivity.

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Is more always good? Over-education, job satisfaction and wages on the Czech labor market

Society and Economy ◽

10.1556/204.2015.37.3.5 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 37 (3) ◽

pp. 403-414

Author(s):

Raufhon Salahodjaev

Keyword(s):

Job Satisfaction ◽

Labor Market ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Labor Market Outcomes ◽

Wage Penalty ◽

Market Outcomes ◽

Research Attention ◽

Considerable Research ◽

Significant Negative Impact ◽

Using Data

The notion of over-education has drawn considerable research attention since the work of Freeman (1976). This study provides evidence that education match matters for labor market outcomes. Using data from the REFLEX survey, we find that over-education and over-skilling has a significant negative impact on wages and job satisfaction in the Czech labor market. Secondly, we find that the wage penalty is stronger for female respondents. In contrast, overskilled and overeducated men are more dissatisfied than women.

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The Structural Origins of Unearned Status: How Arbitrary Changes in Categories Affect Status Position and Market Impact

Administrative Science Quarterly ◽

10.1177/0001839217727706 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 63 (3) ◽

pp. 668-699 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Anne Bowers ◽

Matteo Prato

Keyword(s):

Institutional Investor ◽

High Status ◽

Market Impact ◽

Market Outcomes ◽

Status Signals ◽

Using Data ◽

Gains And Losses ◽

Brokerage Firms ◽

The Relationship ◽

Status Position

Focusing on the categorical nature of many status orderings, we examine the relationship among status, actors’ quality, and market outcomes. As markets evolve, the number of categories that structure them can increase, creating opportunities for new actors to be bestowed status, or it can decrease, dethroning certain actors from their superior standing. In both cases, gains and losses of status may occur without changes in actors’ quality. Because audiences rely on status signals to infer the value of market actors, these exogenously generated status shifts can translate into changes in how audiences perceive actors, resulting in benefits for unearned status gains and costs for unearned status losses. We find support for our hypotheses in a sample of equity analysts at U.S. brokerage firms. Using data on the coveted Institutional Investor magazine All-Star award, we find that analysts whose status increases because of a category addition see corresponding increases in the stock market’s response to their earnings estimates, while those who lose status see corresponding reductions. Our results suggest that the greater weight accorded to high-status actors may be misguided if that status occurs for structural reasons such as category changes rather than because of an actor’s own quality.

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Sex ratio effects on reproductive strategies in humans

Royal Society Open Science ◽

10.1098/rsos.140402 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 140402 ◽

Cited By ~ 53

Author(s):

Ryan Schacht ◽

Monique Borgerhoff Mulder

Keyword(s):

Sexual Selection ◽

Sex Ratio ◽

Ethnic Group ◽

Reproductive Strategies ◽

Situational Factors ◽

Male Mating ◽

Mating Effort ◽

Short Term ◽

Adult Sex Ratio ◽

Using Data

Characterizations of coy females and ardent males are rooted in models of sexual selection that are increasingly outdated. Evolutionary feedbacks can strongly influence the sex roles and subsequent patterns of sex differentiated investment in mating effort, with a key component being the adult sex ratio (ASR). Using data from eight Makushi communities of southern Guyana, characterized by varying ASRs contingent on migration, we show that even within a single ethnic group, male mating effort varies in predictable ways with the ASR. At male-biased sex ratios, men's and women's investment in mating effort are indistinguishable; only when men are in the minority are they more inclined towards short-term, low investment relationships than women. Our results support the behavioural ecological tenet that reproductive strategies are predictable and contingent on varying situational factors.

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