Gender preference gaps and voting for redistribution

There is substantial evidence that women tend to support different policies and political candidates than men. Many studies also document gender differences in a variety of important preference dimensions, such as risk-taking, competition and pro-sociality. However, the degree to which differential voting by men and women is related to these gaps in more basic preferences requires an improved understanding. We conduct an experiment in which individuals in small laboratory “societies” repeatedly vote for redistribution policies and engage in production. We find that women vote for more egalitarian redistribution and that this difference persists with experience and in environments with varying degrees of risk. This gender voting gap is accounted for partly by both gender gaps in preferences and by expectations regarding economic circumstances. However, including both these controls in a regression analysis indicates that the latter is the primary driving force. We also observe policy differences between male- and female-controlled groups, though these are substantially smaller than the mean individual differences—a natural consequence of the aggregation of individual preferences into collective outcomes.

Perception and Determinants of Gender Preference among Men in Isoko South Local Government Council, Oleh, Delta State

Introduction: Some couples do not have the gender of children they prefer which could result in physical, psychological, sexual, obstetric and several other consequences. The present study was conducted among men to determine their perception of gender preference and factors responsible for their gender preference. Objective: To assess the perception of gender preference and factors responsible for gender preference among men. Methods: A descriptive survey research design was adopted for the study. Proportionate stratified random sampling technique was used to select 143 out of 221 male Civil Servants from nine (9) different departments. The instrument used for data collection was a self-developed Questionnaire on Perception and Determinants of Gender Preference (QPDGP). The reliability of the instrument was established through the test-retest method using Cronbach’s alpha which yielded co-efficient of 0.82. Data collected were summarized using frequencies and percentages. Results: The results showed that 90 (62.9%) men preferred male gender. For 79 (55.2%) men, the choice of gender was aimed at psychological satisfaction in marriage. Also, 77 (53.8%) preferred male children because they had better initiative, were easier to train 101 (70.6%), to allow for security of family inheritance 142 (99.3%) and continuity of family name 141 (98.6%). Some reasons given for female child preference were better ability to take care of younger ones 99 (69.2%), more supportive to aged parents 115 (80.4%) and being a reliable emotional support 88 (61.5%). Conclusion: Male gender preference is strongly perceived among the men. It was recommended that reproductive health services be modified to allow male involvement.

Al-Khamsa: The Prophet’s Mares - Or Were They Stallions?

Arab(ian) horse enthusiasts perpetuate an origin legend for the breed that counts five foundational mares in relation to Islamic Prophet Muhammad. Challenging both the concept of a gender preference for mares among Bedouin and/or Arab people in the early Islamic empire as well as the popular historiography of the Arab horse as a Bedouin breed promoted by Islam and in particular its prophet, this paper contextualises Al-Khamsa (the five) as evidence of matrilineal horse breeding strategy by surveying premodern Arabic material on horses.

GENDER PREFERENCES OF YOUTH ATHLETES FOR THEIR SPORTS MEDICINE PROVIDERS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

Background: A multidisciplinary approach is an intrinsic part of the sports medicine management process as providers, therapists and athletic trainers frequently interact to deliver optimal care to athletes both in clinic and on the sideline. Establishing effective communication and engaging athletes in the decision making process as treatment plans are developed may help increase compliance and improve health outcomes. Gender preference of patients for their providers has been found to influence patient satisfaction and health outcomes but has not been studied in depth. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to systematically review the literature to identify and characterize young athletes’ gender preferences for their sports medicine providers. Methods: This review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systemic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Group (PRISMA) guidelines. Pubmed, Embase, CINAHL and PsycInfo databases were searched utilizing MeSH terms, with results limited to English-language publications from the year 1945 to present day. The investigators assessed study eligibility independently and limited to studies that had quantitative outcome measures related to gender preference and participants ≤ 22 years of age. The Appraisal Tool for Cross-Sectional Studies (AXIS) was utilized to assess studies for bias. Results: Six cross-sectional studies met the eligibility criteria. Across studies, there were a total of 2,159 participants with mean ages ranging from 14.7 to 21.0 years. Of the five studies that reported the gender of participants, 50.6% were female. Participants were more likely to have a preference for a gender-concordant sports medicine provider when their chief complaint was related to their genital region and/or their sexual health. Participants of both genders favored a female provider when the health issue pertained to behavioral and/or psychosocial health, such as depression. Female athletes preferred a female provider when the issue was related to body image and/or disordered eating. For strength and conditioning coaches, male athletes reported a strong preference for male providers, but female athletes did not express a gender preference. Two of the studies’ quality was categorized as “good” by the AXIS criteria and four were “fair”. Conclusions: Young athletes’ gender preference for their sports medicine providers is situation-dependent. However, there is a paucity of studies examining gender provider preferences in pediatric athletes. Further studies are necessary to address this void in the literature as this may impact health outcomes.

Prevalence of Allergic Rhinitis and Eczema in Adolescents Living in Yazd City: Part of Global Asthma Network Survey

Allergic rhinitis and eczema are two common global diseases that can lead to impaired quality of life. Determining the prevalence of these allergic disorders can be useful in planning prevention and treatment. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and severity of allergic rhinitis and eczema in adolescents living in Yazd city. Using an electronic questionnaire based on the Global Asthma Network (GAN) core questionnaire, 5141 adolescents aged 13–14 years were cross-sectionallysurveyed. The prevalence of current symptoms of rhinitis turned out to be 36.3%, proving significantly higher in boys (p=0.009). Moreover, the prevalence of allergic rhinitis and rhinoconjunctivitis in the past year leveled at 12.4% and 10.5%, respectively; however, the former was significantly higher in females (p=0.014). Additionally, severe rhinoconjunctivitis was observed in 0.2% of the participants with no gender preference (p=0.09). Confirmed hay fever by a doctor was reported in 13.2% of adolescents, significantly higher in males (p<0.001). The prevalence of current itchy rash and current eczema was found to be 5.5%, and 2.9%, respectively, with no difference in terms of gender. Severe atopic eczema and eczema confirmed by a doctor were seen in 0.4% and 5% of the participants, no gender preference was identified. Concurrent prevalence of current rhinoconjunctivitis and eczema was detected in 1% of the participants. Despite the increasing trend of allergic diseases in most parts of the world, the prevalence of rhinoconjunctivitis and eczema in adolescents has not increased in Yazd in the last two decades, and this city is located in a low to moderate prevalence area.

Does Surgeon Gender Matter for Aesthetic Patients?

Background Plastic surgery patients have expectations for an ideal practice to visit. However, patients’ preferences in their plastic surgeon are still being described. Objectives This study investigates if elective cosmetic plastic surgery patients exhibit gender preference in their plastic surgeon for online inquiries at a private practice located in Houston, TX. The surgeons are a married couple, one female and one male, with identical training, age, and experience out of residency. Methods A retrospective, single-practice review of all online inquiries for elective plastic surgery and nonsurgical injectable treatment from June 2019 to June 2020 was performed. Patients submitted an online inquiry for their procedure of interest and surgeon preference via the practice website. Results The private practice had 873 online inquiries during the year-long study period. The majority of patients were female, 855 (97.9%), and 18 (2.1%) of those patients were male. 476 (55.7%) female patients prefer a female surgeon and 138 (16.1%) female patients prefer a male surgeon. 241 (28.2%) female patients made no surgeon preference. Regardless of surgeon preference, the majority of procedures inquired about were breast and body contouring. Conclusions This cohort of female patients prefers the female surgeon for breast procedures or multiple procedures involving breast, and the male surgeon for injectable procedures and facial procedures. There is no favor towards the male or female surgeon in body procedures. In conclusion, female plastic surgery patients may be influenced by surgeon gender in choosing their surgeon, depending on their surgery of interest.

Military Sexual Trauma Survivor Preferences for Provider Gender and Associations with Mental Health Evaluation Attendance

This study seeks to explore the role of preference in provider gender for treatment-seeking, survivors of military sexual trauma (MST) in a Midwestern VHA hospital setting. The subjects were one hundred ninety-seven veterans enrolled in care who endorsed a history of MST and agreed to referral for follow-up care related to concerns associated with their experiences. Patients indicated their preference, if any, for provider gender. Overall, 47.2% of participants requested a female clinician, less than 1% requested a male clinician (this group not further analyzed), and the remainder had no gender preference. Among women, 53.5% requested a female provider in contrast with 29.4% of men. The patient gender difference in provider gender preference was significant with a small-to-medium effect. The rate of attendance at evaluation appointments was 73.6%. Attendance rates were 74.6% and 70.6% for women and men respectively. Requesting a female provider was associated with an 80.2% attendance rate while those indicating no gender preference demonstrated a 67.6% attendance rate. This comparison was statistically significant though the magnitude of the effect was small. Incorporation of a screener for posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms from a screener did not significantly improve the models or interact with gender and provider preferences.The findings of this study clarify gender preferences among those articulating a desire for MST-related care and that articulating a provider gender preference, rather than patient gender, is associated with improved chance of attending scheduled follow-up care. These findings have important policy and clinical implications for the potential role of veteran preference in augmenting liaison to care.