Phosphate solubilization in vitro by isolated Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus carbonarius

2013 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 2867-2878 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunqiao Xiao ◽  
Yujuan Fang ◽  
Ruan Chi
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Phosphate Solubilization ◽  
Aspergillus Carbonarius

scholarly journals Βιολογική αντιμετώπιση των ωχρατοξικογόνων μυκήτων Aspergillus niger και Aspergillus carbonarius στα σταφύλια με επιφυτικές ζύμες

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Μυρτώ-Αλεξάνδρα Δημακοπούλου-Κοντοσταύλου
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Aureobasidium Pullulans ◽  
Cryptococcus Laurentii ◽  
Aspergillus Carbonarius ◽  
Aspergillus Sp

Η όξινη σήψη της αμπέλου οφείλεται σε ένα σύμπλοκο παθογόνων μικροοργανισμών, όπως βακτήρια και μύκητες, μεταξύ των οποίων συγκαταλέγονται μύκητες του γένους Aspergillus sp.. Οι κυριότεροι εξ αυτών είναι ο Aspergillus niger και ο Aspergillus carbonarius. Έχει αποδειχθεί ότι ο μύκητας Aspergillus carbonarius και δευτερευόντως ο Aspergillus niger ευθύνονται για την παραγωγή μεταξύ άλλων και της μυκοτοξίνης ωχρατοξίνη-Α. Η ωχρατοξίνη-Α έχει στον άνθρωπο δυσμενείς επιπτώσεις διότι προκαλεί καρκινογένεση, τερατογένεση, νεφροτοξικότητα, μείωση του ανοσοποιητικού συστήματος κ.α. Δεν αποδομείται στις υψηλές θερμοκρασίες και ανιχνεύεται πέρα των σταφυλιών στο γλεύκος και τον παραγόμενο οίνο. Στη παρούσα μελέτη έγινε προσπάθεια καταπολεμήσεως των δύο ωχρατοξικογόνων μυκήτων A. niger και του A. carbonarius με σκοπό την αντιμετώπιση της όξινης σήψεως και την ταυτόχρονη μείωση των επιπέδων της ωχρατοξίνης-Α. Ερευνητικά δεδομένα στη χώρα μας έχουν αποδείξει μείωση του πληθυσμού του Aspergillus carbonarius μετά τη χρήση του μυκητοκτόνου σκευάσματος Switch 25/37,5 που έχει έγκριση κυκλοφορίας στην χώρα μας για την αντιμετώπιση του μύκητα Botrytis cinerea στην άμπελο. Είναι γνωστό ότι διάφοροι επιφυτικοί μικροοργανισμοί, όπως βακτήρια ή μύκητες αντιμετωπίζουν παθογόνα κυρίως μετασυλλεκτικών ασθενειών τόσο σε πειραματικό όσο και σε εμπορικό επίπεδο. Λαμβάνοντας υπ’ όψιν τα ως άνω δεδομένα αυτά επιδιώχθηκε η διερεύνηση της υπάρξεως επιφυτικών ζυμών της αμπέλου ικανών να αντιμετωπίσουν την όξινη σήψη σε επίπεδα αντίστοιχα με εκείνα της χημικής καταπολεμήσεως και παράλληλα να μειώσουν/εξαλείψουν τη συσσώρευση ωχρατοξίνη-Α (ΟΤΑ) στο γλεύκος. Η συγκριτική μελέτη έγινε με το μυκητοκτόνο Switch, για το οποίο έχει ήδη αναφερθεί ότι μειώνει τους πληθυσμούς του Aspergillus carbonarius και εντάσσεται στα προγράμματα φυτοπροστασίας της αμπέλου για την καταπολέμηση της τεφράς σήψεως. Εκτός αυτού, σε ορισμένα από τα πειράματα αμπελώνα χρησιμοποιήθηκε και ένα σκεύασμα χαλκού με το σκεπτικό ότι η καλλιέργεια της αμπέλου δέχεται ψεκασμούς με χαλκούχα σκευάσματα. Από την εργασία μας διαπιστώθηκε, για πρώτη φορά διεθνώς ότι η εφαρμογή μιας επιφυτικής ζύμης μειώνει σε σημαντικό ποσοστό και αντίστοιχο της χημικής επεμβάσεως, τους πληθυσμούς του ωχρατοξικογόνου μύκητα Aspergillus carbonarius, όχι μόνο σε εργαστηριακό επίπεδο, αλλά και σε συνθήκες αμπελώνα και κυρίως ότι τούτο συνοδεύεται με σοβαρή μείωση των επιπέδων της ωχρατοξίνης-Α στο παραγόμενο γλεύκος. Το εργαστηριακό μέρος της μελέτης αυτής διεξήχθη στο Εργαστήριο Φυτοπαθολογίας του Γεωπονικού Πανεπιστημίου Αθηνών ενώ τα πειράματα αγρού σε πειραματικούς αμπελώνες σε Κορινθία και Ρόδο. Στη Κορινθία και συγκεκριμένα στην περιοχή της Νεμέας η διάρκεια των πειραμάτων στον αμπελώνα ήταν τριετής και στη Ρόδο στην περιοχή Φάνες τα πειράματα διήρκεσαν δύο έτη. Η μελέτη αυτή ακολούθησε τα εξής στάδια: α) απομόνωση επιφυτικών ζυμών από φύλλα αμπέλου, αξιολόγηση της ικανότητας τους να καταπολεμούν στο εργαστήριο σε μεμονωμένες ράγες σταφυλιού το μύκητα Aspergillus carbonarius και επιλογή των δύο αποτελεσματικότερων προς περαιτέρω πειραματισμό. β) έλεγχος της ευαισθησίας των συγκεκριμένων απομονώσεων ζυμών στο μυκητοκτόνο Switch 25/37,5 και συνεπώς την επιβίωσή τους μετά από επεμβάσεις του χημικού σκευάσματος, στον αγρό. γ) επεμβάσεις με τις ζύμες επί τρία συνεχή έτη σε αμπελώνα της περιοχής της Νεμέας και επί άλλα δύο σε δεύτερο αμπελώνα στη περιοχής «Φάνες» της νήσου Ρόδου, προς διερεύνηση της εκδηλώσεως ανάλογης αποτελεσματικότητας σε συνθήκες αγρού (διαφορετική καλλιεργούμενη ποικιλία, διαφορετικές κλιματολογικές συνθήκες, διαφορετικό σχήμα μορφώσεως των πρέμνων). δ) αξιολόγηση των ζυμών βάσει των ποσοστών: α) των βοτρύων με συμπτώματα όξινης σήψεως και β) των προσβεβλημένων ραγών με Aspergillus niger και Aspergillus carbonarius. ε) μελέτη in vitro της ευαισθησίας τυχαίων στελεχών Aspergillus sp. συλλεγέντων από τον αγρό στο μυκητοκτόνο Switch 25/37,5. ζ) μέτρηση της ωχρατοξίνης στο γλεύκος σταφυλιών που είχαν δεχθεί την επέμβαση ζύμης σε σύγκριση με εκείνο από σταφύλια που είχαν δεχθεί χημική επέμβαση. Από τα δεδομένα της διδακτορικής μου διατριβής παρέχεται η πληροφορία ότι οι αποτελεσματικές απομονώσεις ζυμών κατά του ωχρατοξικογόνου Aspergillus carbonarius στα σταφύλια δεν ανήκουν σε ένα συγκεκριμένο γένος καθότι η ταυτοποίηση έδειξε ότι η μία απομόνωση ανήκει στο είδος Cryptococcus laurentiì και η δεύτερη στο είδος Aureobasidium pullulans. Διαπιστώθηκε επίσης ότι οι περισσότερες επιφυτικές ζύμες είναι ανθεκτικές στα μυκητοκτόνα και κατά συνέπεια και οι υπάρχοντες φυσικοί πληθυσμοί τους στη φυλλόσφαιρα. Ενδεχομένως οι φυσικοί πληθυσμοί δεν ευρίσκονται πάντα στην απαραίτητη συγκέντρωση, για την βιολογική καταπολέμηση των Aspergillus sp.

scholarly journals Cocktail of carbohydrases from Aspergillus niger: an economical and eco-friendly option for biofilm clearance from biopolymer surfaces

AMB Express ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arashdeep Kaur ◽  
Sanjeev Kumar Soni ◽  
Shania Vij ◽  
Praveen Rishi
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Statistical Modelling ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Enzyme Treatment ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Abiotic Surfaces ◽  
Enzyme Cocktail ◽  
Natural Variant

AbstractBiofilm formation on both biotic and abiotic surfaces accounts for a major factor in spread of antimicrobial resistance. Due to their ubiquitous nature, biofilms are of great concern for environment as well as human health. In the present study, an integrated process for the co-production of a cocktail of carbohydrases from a natural variant of Aspergillus niger was designed. The enzyme cocktail was found to have a noteworthy potential to eradicate/disperse the biofilms of selected pathogens. For application of enzymes as an antibiofilm agent, the enzyme productivities were enhanced by statistical modelling using response surface methodology (RSM). The antibiofilm potential of the enzyme cocktail was studied in terms of (i) in vitro cell dispersal assay (ii) release of reducing sugars from the biofilm polysaccharides (iii) the effect of enzyme treatment on biofilm cells and architecture by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Potential of the enzyme cocktail to disrupt/disperse the biofilm of selected pathogens from biopolymer surfaces was also assessed by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) analysis. Further, their usage in conjunction with antibiotics was assessed and it was inferred from the results that the use of enzyme cocktail augmented the efficacy of the antibiotics. The study thus provides promising insights into the prospect of using multiple carbohydrases for management of heterogeneous biofilms formed in natural and clinical settings.

scholarly journals Cyclopeptide Derivatives from the Sponge-Derived Fungus Acremonium persicinum F10

Marine Drugs ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 537
Author(s):  
Yingxin Li ◽  
Zhiyong Li
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Diffraction Analysis ◽  
2D Nmr ◽  
Ferric Ions ◽  
Single Crystal Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Planar Structures ◽  
Anti Fungal

Cyclopeptides usually play a pivotal role, either in the viability or virulence of fungi. Two types of cyclopeptides, six new hydroxamate siderophore cyclohexapeptides (1–6), including acremonpeptides E and F, and their complexes with aluminum and ferric ions; one new cyclic pentapeptolide, aselacin D (9); together with a known compound, aselacin C (10), were isolated and characterized from the sponge-derived fungus Acremonium persicinum F10. In addition, two new siderophore analogues chelating gallium ions (Ga3+), Ga (Ⅲ)-acremonpeptide E (7) and Ga (Ⅲ)-acremonpeptide F (8), using isolated acremonpeptides E and F, were prepared. The planar structures of 1–10 were elucidated by HRESIMS and (1D and 2D) NMR. The absolute configurations of amino acids were determined by means of the advanced Marfey’s method and X-ray single-crystal diffraction analysis. X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometer was performed to disclose the elements of compound 1, indicating the existence of aluminum (Al). Al (Ⅲ)-acremonpeptides E (1), Ga (Ⅲ)-acremonpeptides E (5), Al (Ⅲ)-acremonpeptide F (7), and Ga (Ⅲ)-acremonpeptide F (8) displayed high in vitro anti-fungal activities, which are comparable to amphotericin B, against Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillus niger.

scholarly journals Multifarious Indigenous Diazotrophic Rhizobacteria of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Rhizosphere and Their Effect on Plant Growth Promotion

2022 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Imran Mir ◽  
Bee Hameeda ◽  
Humera Quadriya ◽  
B. Kiran Kumar ◽  
Noshin Ilyas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Phosphate Solubilization ◽  
Nitrogenase Activity ◽  
Hydrolytic Enzymes ◽  
Seed Vigor ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Diazotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Pgp Traits ◽  
Rice Plants

A diverse group of rhizobacteria persists in the rhizospheric soil, on the surface of roots, or in association with rice plants. These bacteria colonize plant root systems, enhance plant growth and crop yield. Indigenous rhizobacteria are known to promote soil health, grain production quality and serve as sustainable bioinoculant. The present study was aimed to isolate, identify and characterize indigenous plant growth promoting (PGP) diazotrophic bacteria associated with the rhizosphere of rice fields from different areas of Jammu and Kashmir, India. A total of 15 bacteria were isolated and evaluated for various PGP traits, antagonistic activity against phytopathogens, production of hydrolytic enzymes and biofilm formation under in-vitro conditions. The majority of the isolated bacteria were Gram-negative. Out of 15 bacterial isolates, nine isolates produced IAA (12.24 ± 2.86 to 250.3 ± 1.15 μg/ml), 6 isolates exhibited phosphate solubilization activity (36.69 ± 1.63 to 312.4 ± 1.15 μg/ml), 7 isolates exhibited rock phosphate solubilization while 5 isolates solubilized zinc (10–18 mm), 7 isolates showed siderophore production, 8 isolates exhibited HCN production, 6 isolates exhibited aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase activity, 13 isolates exhibited cellulase activity, nine isolates exhibited amylase and lipase activity and six isolates exhibited chitinase activity. In addition, 5 isolates showed amplification with the nifH gene and showed a significant amount of nitrogenase activity in a range of 0.127–4.39 μmol C2H4/mg protein/h. Five isolates viz., IHK-1, IHK-3, IHK-13, IHK-15 and IHK-25 exhibited most PGP attributes and successfully limited the mycelial growth of Rhizoctonia solani and Fusarium oxysporum in-vitro. All the five bacterial isolates were identified based on morphological, biochemical and 16S rDNA gene sequencing study, as Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Enterobacter sp., Bacillus sp., Ochrobactrum haematophilum and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Rice plants developed from seeds inoculated with these PGP strains individually had considerably higher germination percentage, seed vigor index and total dry biomass when compared to control. These findings strongly imply that the PGP diazotrophic bacteria identified in this work could be employed as plant growth stimulators in rice.

scholarly journals SCREENING OF SOIL BACTERIA FOR PLANT GROWTH PROMOTION ACTIVITIES IN VITRO

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edi Husen
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Soil Bacteria ◽  
Phosphate Solubilization ◽  
Azotobacter Vinelandii ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Nitrogenase Activity ◽  
Chelating Agent ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria ◽  
Iaa Production

Fourteen isolates of soil bacteria, including two known plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) strains, Azotobacter vinelandii Mac 259 and Bacillus cereus UW 85, were tested in vitro. Parameters assessed were indoleacetic acid (IAA) production, phosphate solubilization, dinitrogen fixation, and siderophore (Fe-III chelating agent) production. IAA production was assayed colorimetrically using ferric chlorideperchloric acid reagent. Phosphate-solubilization and siderophore production were tested qualitatively by plating the bacteria in Pikovskaya and chrome azurol S agar, respectively. The ability to fix dinitrogen was measured based on nitrogenase activity of the bacteria by gas chromatography. The results showed that twelve isolates produced IAA, ranged from 2.09 to 33.28 µmol ml-1. The ability to solubilize precipitated phosphate was positively exhibited by four isolates (BS 58, BTS, TCaR 61, and BTCaRe 65). Seven isolates including Mac 259 positively produced siderophore. None of the isolates showed nitrogenase activity. Only one isolate (TS 3) did not exhibit any of the traits tested. Isolate TCeRe 60 and reference strain Mac 259 were found to have IAA- and siderophore-producing traits. Four P-solubilizing bacteria (BS 58, BTS, TCaR 61, and BTCaRe 65) were also IAA- and siderophore-producing bacteria. Potential use of these PGPR isolates needs further test in enhancing plant growth.

scholarly journals Efficient and facile synthesis of pyrazoles using Guar-gum as biocatalyst and their in vitro bio-evaluation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suman Sangwan ◽  
Rajvir Singh ◽  
SUSHEEL GULATI ◽  
Suprita Rana
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Raphanus Sativus ◽  
Guar Gum ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Herbicidal Activity ◽  
Facile Synthesis ◽  
Solvent Free Conditions

Abstract A green efficient and facile synthesis of pyrazoles is reported via condensation reaction between substituted aldehydes (1a-1i), malononitrile (2) and 2,4-dinitrophenyl hydrazine (3) in presence of acylated Guar-gum as biocatalyst under solvent-free conditions. The progress of reaction was checked by thin layer chromatography and melting points reported are uncorrected. All synthesized compounds (4a-4i) were characterized by using 1HNMR and FTIR spectral techniques and evaluated for in vitro herbicidal activity against Raphanus sativus L. (Radish seeds). All compounds (4a-4i) were also evaluated for their antifungal activity against Rhizoctonia solani and Aspergillus niger by poisoned food techniques method. Antioxidant activity of synthesized compound was also determined. From activity results, it was found that compound 4f was most active against both Raphanus sativus L. (root) and Raphanus sativus L. (shoot) respectively. Compounds 4e and 4h were found most active against Rhizoctonia solani and Aspergillus niger fungus respectively at highest concentration. Compound 4e has shown maximum percentage DPPH free radical scavenging activity 1.e. 61.47% at 100 µg/mL concentration. Less reaction time, excellent yield of products, mild reaction conditions and simple work-up are some merits of present methodology.

In vivo and in vitro control activity of plant essential oils against three strains of Aspergillus niger

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (27) ◽  
pp. 21948-21959 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peeyush Kumar ◽  
Sapna Mishra ◽  
Atul Kumar ◽  
Sanjeev Kumar ◽  
Chandra Shekhar Prasad
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Control Activity ◽  
Plant Essential Oils

Lab and Field Level Potential of Endophytic Bacteria in Managing the Dry Root Rot Disease in Black Gram Incited by Rhizoctonia bataticola (Taubenh) Butler 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Kiran Kumar ◽  
P. Nagamani ◽  
K. Viswanath ◽  
L. Prasanthi
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Protease Activity ◽  
Endophytic Bacteria ◽  
Phosphate Solubilization ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Black Gram ◽  
Rhizoctonia Bataticola

Background: The plant growth promotion and efficacy against phytopathogens by the endophytic bacteria are being focused now due to their ecofriendly nature. Methods: Endophytic bacteria (24 nos) isolated from the roots, stems and leaves of black gram plants collected from different locations were tested for their potential to inhibit the growth of R. bataticola under in vitro and in vivo conditions. Result: The leaf endophyte BLE 4 exhibited maximum inhibition (79.6%) of R. bataticola followed by BSE 4 (77.4%), BSE 7 (77.0%) and BLE 1 (74.0%). Among these 4 isolates tested as seed treatment and soil application, there was significant increase in dry weight (7.1 g), plant height (37.7 cm), number of branches (13.2) and number of pods (26.2) in BLE 4 treated plots. Whereas, the incidence of dry root rot and yield were insignificant. In the screening study of isolates for their phosphate solubilization potential, protease activity, siderophore and HCN production, no single isolate possessed all the properties, but siderophore production, protease activity and phosphate solubilization were found in BSE 4, BRE 3, BRE 5 and BRE 10 isolates. 

scholarly journals Inorganic Phosphate Solubilization by a Novel Isolated Bacterial Strain Enterobacter sp. ITCB-09 and Its Application Potential as Biofertilizer

Agriculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo Enrique Mendoza-Arroyo ◽  
Manuel Jesús Chan-Bacab ◽  
Ruth Noemi Aguila-Ramírez ◽  
Benjamín Otto Ortega-Morales ◽  
René Efraín Canché Solís ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
16S Rrna Gene ◽  
Inorganic Phosphate ◽  
Extracellular Polymeric Substances ◽  
Phosphate Solubilization ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Habanero Pepper ◽  
Phosphate Solubilizing

The excessive use of fertilizers in agriculture is mainly due to the recognized plant requirements for soluble phosphorus. This problem has limited the implementation of sustainable agriculture. A viable alternative is to use phosphate solubilizing soil microorganisms. This work aimed to isolate inorganic phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria from the soils of agroecosystems, to select and identify, based on sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene, the bacterium with the highest capacity for in vitro solubilization of inorganic phosphate. Additionally, we aimed to determine its primary phosphate solubilizing mechanisms and to evaluate its effect on Habanero pepper seedlings growth. A total of 21 bacterial strains were isolated by their activity on Pikovskaya agar. Of these, strain ITCB-09 exhibited the highest ability to solubilize inorganic phosphate (865.98 µg/mL) through the production of organic acids. This strain produced extracellular polymeric substances and siderophores that have ecological implications for phosphate solubilization. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain ITCB-09 belongs to the genus Enterobacter. Enterobacter sp. ITCB-09, especially when immobilized in beads, had a positive effect on Capsicum chinense Jacq. seedling growth, indicating its potential as a biofertilizer.

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