scholarly journals Investigating Scientists’ Views of the Family Resemblance Approach to Nature of Science in Science Education

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jen-Yi Wu ◽  
Sibel Erduran
Keyword(s):  
Science Education ◽  
Nature Of Science ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Family Resemblance ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
The Family ◽  
Institutional Contexts ◽  
Institutional Aspects ◽  
Written Questions

Abstract In this paper, we use the “Family Resemblance Approach” (FRA) as a framework to characterize how scientists view the nature of science (NOS). FRA presents NOS as a “system” that includes clusters or categories of ideas about the cognitive-epistemic and social-institutional aspects of science. For example, the cognitive-epistemic aspects include aims and values such as objectivity and scientific methods such as hypothesis testing. Social-institutional aspects refer to a range of components including social values such as honesty about evidence and institutional contexts of science such as research institutions. Characterized as such, NOS is thus a system of interacting components. The initial account of FRA was proposed by philosophers of science and subsequently adapted and extended for science education including through empirical studies. Yet, there is little understanding of the extent to which FRA coheres with scientists’ own depictions about NOS. Hence, an empirical study was conducted with scientists to investigate their views about FRA as well as their views of NOS using the FRA framework. In so doing, the research sought to explore the utility of FRA from scientists’ point of view. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of 17 Taiwanese scientists’ responses to a set of written questions indicates that scientists are in agreement with the FRA account of NOS, and they detail all aspects in their reference to NOS, although the social-institutional aspects are underrepresented in their depiction. Implications for further studies and science education are discussed.

Contributions of the Family Resemblance Approach to Nature of Science in Science Education

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (3-5) ◽  
pp. 311-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sibel Erduran ◽  
Zoubeida R. Dagher ◽  
Christine V. McDonald
Keyword(s):  
Science Education ◽  
Nature Of Science ◽  
Family Resemblance ◽  
The Family

scholarly journals Identifikasi Problematika Pelacuran dalam Perspektif Hukum

Humaniora ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 566
Author(s):  
Indarto Indarto
Keyword(s):  
Drug Abuse ◽  
Social Problem ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Empirical Reality ◽  
Positive Law ◽  
The Family ◽  
And Function ◽  
Economic Motives ◽  
Role And Function

Prostitution is a classic social problem existed continuously as though it is difficult to eradicate. It makes the topic on prostitution becomes interesting to discuss. This paper identified the problem of prostitution from the viewpoint of positive law and empirical reality in society. By combining normative and empirical studies, the article aims to provide an overview of the problem of prostitution more clearly. From the library resarch, it is found various types of prostitution occur. In addition, the motivation to commit prostitution was not solely caused by economic motives, but there were other motives such as drug abuse, for instance. To keep prostitution is not rampant, it is not solely relying on legal instruments, but the role and function of the family is important. Therefore, the problem of prostitution is not simply seen from one point of view, there are other factors as its cause. 

Parenthood of Deaf mothers of hearing CODA children: Overview of selected research

2020 ◽  
Vol 595 (8) ◽  
pp. 69-80
Author(s):  
Malwina Kocoń
Keyword(s):  
Social Perception ◽  
Main Part ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Parental Role ◽  
Access To Information ◽  
Hearing Status ◽  
The Family ◽  
Hearing Children

The aim of this article is to attempt to present the issue of parenthood of Deaf mothers of hearing, underage children (KODA). The presented subject is important from a scientific and cognitive point of view due to the important role of a mother in the family, and also due to the deficit of empirical research and scientific studies in the area of parenthood of Deaf mothers of KODA children. This article consists of five parts. Part one introduces the adopted terminological conventions and also draws attention to the issue of Deaf mothers from mixed-hearing status families as a rarely described or explored area. Part two and three form an attempt at synthetic description of the situation of Deaf mothers, as well as the situation of their hearing children (KODA). The main part of this article focuses on selected empirical studies carried out both in Poland and abroad. The article concludes with the author's summary and conclusions, highlighting that Deaf mothers, in their parental role, encounter a number of barriers regarding, among others, communication, access to information or social perception of parenthood of people with a damaged hearing.

scholarly journals Theoretical Approaches towards Studying the Transformation of the Family Institution

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-54
Author(s):  
Tatiana A. Gurko
Keyword(s):  
Family Life ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Private Life ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Family Structures ◽  
Institutional Approach ◽  
New Family ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
The Family

The transformation of the institutions of marriage, family and parenthood in recent decades in the context of rapid social, economic, cultural and technological innovations worldwide encourages theorists to look for explanations of the nature and direction of the processes that are taking place. American sociologists of the family Stan Knapp and Greg Wurm present a rather promising systematization of the theoretical approaches to changes in the institution of the family. The criteria of approaches according to the authors’ typology: relationality – vertical / horizontal, and dimensionality – single / multidimensional. This article’s purpose is to reflect on this typology so that Russian researchers go beyond theorizing in the framework of “opposing paradigms of crisis – modernization of the institution of family” disputes, which are more ideological than scientific. The institutional approach is widely represented in the works of classics of foreign and Russian sociology of the family. The classic institutional approach is expanded upon by the works of representatives of the new institutional approach. In the approach of deinstitutionalization, the main emphasis is placed on increasing individual needs, with “family” being a “pure relationship”. The diversification approach, which was mentioned among others by the author of this very article in the mid-1990’s, seems to be the most constructive from an empirical point of view. The article shows the diversification of the family institution, the spread of new family structures in many countries with references to empirical studies and statistical sources. Knapp and Wurm, the authors of the presented typology, consider the approach of institutional logic in relation to the family to be promising. The main problems of its application are discussed in article. The application of the classical theory of family development, as it was formulated in the 20th century when normative family paths were dominant, is also problematized, together with the lack of Russian longitudinal studies and works that describe modern family life paths. What western sociologists agree on, and what the analysis of Russian studies confirms, are the differences in the models of organizing private life in different social groups, at least among educated and uneducated citizens. Analysis of trends in the prevalence of alternative forms of family life in different social groups allows us to assess the nature of changes in the institutions of marriage and family, either as evolutionary or transformational.

scholarly journals THE DEVELOPMENT AND PILOTING OF AN INSTRUMENT TO MEASURE NATURE OF SCIENCE (NOS) UNDERSTANDING

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tarisai Chanetsa ◽  
◽  
Umesh Ramnarain
Keyword(s):  
Nature Of Science ◽  
Science Teachers ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Likert Scale ◽  
Family Resemblance ◽  
Multiple Perspectives ◽  
Dynamic Interactions ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Family ◽  
Consensus View

The study describes the development of an instrument, to measure NOS understandings of science teachers and a subsequent pilot study to test the instrument. The pilot measured NOS understanding of two teachers using a questionnaire that had been developed by the researcher. The objective of the study was to construct a questionnaire that could measure NOS understanding based on the family resemblance approach (FRA). The NOS is a construct that has been defined by various scholars and there exists multiple perspectives. For this study, two schools of thought defining the nature of science: the consensus view (CV) and the reconceptualized family resemblance approach to NOS (RFN) were considered. The CV has been widely accepted for years to represent the NOS through its tenets, and there exists reliable tools to document NOS. Based on the CV researchers developed an instrument, views of nature of science (VNOS), to document NOS understanding. In the past decade, scholars have challenged the CV of NOS and highlighted shortcomings in its tenets. FRA was developed that depicts science in a holistic system with dynamic interactions unlike the CV that represents NOS as independent tenets. From FRA, emerged RFN consisting of social and cultural categories that affect how science is done. The approach of RFN due to its holistic approach will be preferred in this study. The authors of RFN developed a RFN questionnaire to assess views about NOS using a Likert scale. Due to the limitations of the Likert scale, an open-ended approach is preferred in the qualitative analysis of views of NOS as is found in the VNOS form. To collect data on NOS understanding, the researcher compared VNOS and the RFN questionnaire and developed an integrated family VNOS (IFVNOS) questionnaire. The IFVNOS questionnaire was administered in a pilot test followed by interviews to elaborate on responses. The responses were analysed by two coders and triangulated to ensure reliability. The responses were allocated codes to document NOS understanding, on a range from naïve to explicit understanding. The findings revealed that the IFVNOS questionnaire developed can be used as a tool to measure NOS understanding and more testing is required to assess reliability.

scholarly journals The heuristics of representation in science: the mechanisms and mathematical principles in physics of Descartes and Fermat

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cássio C. Laranjeiras ◽  
Jojomar L. da Silva ◽  
J.R.N. Chiappin
Keyword(s):  
Science Education ◽  
Nature Of Science ◽  
Physics Education ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Scientific Theories ◽  
Formal Organization ◽  
Light Refraction ◽  
Physical Phenomena

The objective of this article, which is part of the research program developed by the authors on the role of representation in science and science education, is to highlight the use of mechanisms and mathematical principles as representational heuristics of physical phenomena. They have been used by Descartes and Fermat in their respective investigations in the field of optics, more specifically in their analysis of the light refraction phenomenon. With examples drawn from the works of the cited authors, we sought to reveal the distinct, but not exclusive commitments and conceptions about the dynamics involved in building and developing scientific theories. From the heuristic point of view, we raise the hypothesis of the complementarity and convergence between both representations, with the argument it's up to the mechanisms to capture the constituting material principle of the phenomenon, while the abstract mathematical principles should take care of its formal organization. By emphasizing aspects related to the dynamics of the construction and development of scientific theories, heuristic elements essential to an understanding of the Nature of Science (NOS) and therefore relevant to the Descartes, Fermat, Epistemology of physics, Heuristics, Physics Education teaching and learning process of physics will emerge.

Beliefs of preschool teacher candidates about the nature of science

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 774-783
Author(s):  
Güzin Özyılmaz ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Science Education ◽  
Nature Of Science ◽  
Science Teachers ◽  
Teacher Candidates ◽  
Preschool Education ◽  
Preschool Teacher ◽  
Spring Semester ◽  
Teachers Beliefs ◽  
Aim Of Science ◽  
Academic Year

The aim of science education is to enable children to become “science-literate.” Science literacy is defined as taking responsibility for and making decisions about situations requiring scientific understanding and having sufficient knowledge, skills, attitudes and understanding of values to put their decisions into practice. Revealing teachers’ beliefs can help to understand the types of experiences presented by teachers in their classrooms. Inadequate understandings and misbeliefs of teachers shape the first perceptions of children about the NOS when they are formally introduced with science education in their early childhood. Most of the studies were also performed with science teachers and there have been few studies conducted with preschool teachers. Therefore, the present study was directed towards determining NOS beliefs of preschool teacher candidates. To achieve this aim, Nature of Science Beliefs Scale (NOSBS), developed by Özcan and Turgut (2014), was administered to the preschool teacher candidates studying in Preschool Education Department of Buca Education Faculty at Dokuz Eylül University in the spring semester of the 2018-2019 academic year. In the study, the NOS beliefs of the teacher candidates were found to be acceptable in general. While the findings of this study are consistent with those revealed in several relevant studies in the literature

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