One click is all it takes: technology-assisted child sexual abuse

In times of easily accessible technology and the Internet, the number of technology-assisted child sexual abuse (TA-CSA) is increasing. Anonymity, the multitude of victims that can be reached at the same time, as well as the variety of online abuse forms are in some way conducive to the perpetrators of sexual crimes in undertaking the act. Nevertheless, specialists in the field indicate that the phenomenon itself, as well as its consequences are not fully investigated. The aim of this article is to introduce the reader to the issues of TA-CSA by: 1) to present what the phenomenon of child sexual abuse is and what notions it entails, 2) to identify different types and forms of online sexual abuse (cyber grooming, sexting, sextortion and web-cam sexting), and 3) to take a close look at several selected research studies in the field, examining the consequences of technology-assisted sexual abuse on children. From previous reports of researchers investigating the causes and effects of child sexual abuse, including technology-assisted abuse, it can be concluded that the consequences of online abuse are very similar to those of offline sexual abuse, and even include additional factors that victims must face. Further research on this topic should therefore be looked at in order to better understand the nature of technology-assisted sexual abuse and not succumb to the illusion of this type of experience minor importance over the experience of offline sexual violence. Understanding the relevance and consequences of this phenomenon will allow for effective interventions in support services and educational activities.

Artificial intelligence: a new educational challenge

Rapid development of Artificial Intelligence is influencing most of the human’s domains. It impacts our reality in quantitative and qualitative way. This situation is challenging, also for the educational system – in many aspects. Analysis of this situation in the educational context is important and urgent matter. In the article author is attempting to explain and to structure the problem, pointing out, both chances and the threats, of the phenomenon, focusing on the area of educational content the measures.

What does a wounded body testify to, i.e., what is nonsuicidal self-injury and how to recognize it?

This article is a review, its aim is to present the phenomenon of nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) in the context of current research. The article discusses the terminological, definitional and epidemiological issues, as well as the forms, functions and determinants of NSSI, according to the analysis of Polish and foreign literature. Particularly important are the functions of NSSI, which allow you to understand why an individual hurts his own body and thus better understand such people. The article also includes an application aspect by presenting warning signals of NSSI and the methods of reacting to information about nonsuicidal self-injury committed by a person in the immediate vicinity.

Romanticization of criminals by youth cybersubcultures: general introduction to the problem

The aim of this article is to introduce the issue of romanticizing perpetrators by young members of cybersubcultures. Exploring this topic is crucial because this phenomenon has become easily visible recently. The articlecontains initial characteristics of the problem anddrawseducators and parents' attention. This problem is characterized by severe, negative effects, hazardous at present times with limited social contacts. Data obtained by the literature and press reports review method allowed to describe some symptoms of the phenomenon and to define a certain area of ignorance in this field. The analysis showed that the problem of the romanticization of perpetrators by youth cybersubcultures was not directly discussed in the literature or empirically researched. The collected results indicate the need for in-depth exploration of the topic, mainly due to severaladverse effects that the described problemmay have. Some of the preventive recommendations are focusing primarily on strengthening the individual's attitudes and attempts to extinguish the media phenomenon at the same time. It is also crucial to develop precise preventive recommendations in the future.

Criminal liability and the motivational background of socially unacceptable behaviour of youth

The article presents an analysis of the results of research carried out among minors residing in social rehabilitation centres and adolescents from upper secondary schools complying with the legal norms. The aim of the conducted research was to analyse the previous criminal record of the respondents and to analyse the existing diff erences in the type of the declared motivational background in undertaking behaviours that violate legal and social norms among the examined adolescents. A total of 133 minors from juvenile detention centres and 133 students from upper secondary schools were examined. The diagnostic survey method was used. The results of the analysis show that in the group of girls from juvenile detention centres, the motive of getting things (money) that they do not have and imitating their colleagues dominates relatively more often. In turn, among boys from rehabilitation centres, the most frequently indicated motive was repaying someone for the harm done and willing to teach someone a lesson. Among girls from upper secondary schools, the motive of imitating friends turned out to be the dominant motive for behaviour that violates social norms. No signifi cant motive was found among boys from this group.

Temporal perspective and mental functioning of socially maladjusted youth held in conditions of institutional isolation

Introduction: The aim of the research presented was to determine whether the temporal perspective of socially maladjusted adolescents, held against their will in conditions of institutional isolation, can be linked to the level of their mental functioning. Method: The researchers applied standardized psychological tests in a survey of a group of 311 adolescents (38 females, 273 males), aged 13–18, who were held in a youth education center (YEC) following family court rulings. Results: After a psychological characterization of three groups of adolescents with different temporal perspectives, distinguished on the basis of cluster analysis, it was proven that the temporal perspective of adolescents held in institutional isolation is crucial to the quality of their mental functioning. The participants who scored significantly lower in all dimensions of temporal perspective seemed to be experiencing lower-intensity loneliness, depression and stress. Those, on the other hand, whose perspective was of the present-hedonistic or past-negative types felt lonelier, lived under more stress and suffered from more severe forms of depression. The teenagers whose temporal perspective was past-positive and future-oriented turned out to be most balanced in terms of the investigated psychological variables, which may confirm the importance of a balanced temporal perspective for good quality of life. Conclusions: The strongest effect was found in relation to peer and family loneliness, which indicates the importance of family and peers in the teenagers’ psychosocial development. These findings promote further reflection on the legitimacy of institutional measures used in the rehabilitation of socially maladjusted youth to date, and the search for new, effective kinds of social rehabilitation intervention.

What does the state know (and want to know) about parental involvement in children’s school education?

The article poses a question about the scope of information concerning parental involvement, the collection of which results from the provisions of the educational law. The characteristics of the “Parents are school’s partners” requirement have been referred to the framework proposed by Epstein (1995). The analysis of the amendments of the Regulation demonstrates some slight changes in the approach to parental participation, limited to the four types in Epstein’s model (out of the six proposed by this researcher): parenting, communication between the school and the students’ homes, parental volunteering and decision-making participation. The changes are aimed at subtly limiting the of parents' influence, there are no attempts to extend the provisions of the Regulation to include other forms of participation. Then, based on the data collected during external evaluations in 94 schools (survey study on a non-random sample of 6676 parents and 86 group interviews with parents), a descriptive and comparative analysis of individual indicators was carried out, as well as thematic coding of fragments of the transcription of group interviews. Parents declare a relatively high level of satisfaction with the received support and decision-making participation, slightly lower with communication. These results vary depending on educational level and school type, which may be explained by the connection between involvement and child’s age and the differentiation in class allocation. The qualitative analysis shows that the decision-making participation, in most cases, does not exceed the minimum required by the educational law, and the exceptions to this rule are mostly artifactic activities.

The concept of “adult-child communication” in the perspective of future female educators and teachers

The article tackles the issue of defining the concept of “adult-child communication” from the point of view of female students of pedagogy, future teachers and educators. The introduction explains the issue of symbolic representation of real and imagined objects, events, and situations by means of concepts and their definitions. The next part of the article describes the results of a study carried out in the group of 255 female students, who were asked to define the concept of “adult-child communication”. The study yielded a description of the concepts used to describe the defined concept and the signs of evaluation contained in the definitions. The final part of the article identifies and outlines four categories of the “adult-child communication” concept and discusses three types of definitions created by the respondents. The following types were distinguished: definitions similar to professional ones in terms of content and form, common definitions regarding the child-adult relationship with elements of professional vocabulary, common definitions and puerile definitions.

Organization of learning environment in Waldorf schools. Pedagogical inspirations for early school education

The educational ideology presented by Rudolf Steiner has both ardent supporters and opponents. But without a doubt it can be an inspiration to change the way of thinking about the way the learning environment is organized. Despite the lapse of many years since its inception, Steiner’s pedagogy has not lost its appeal and can provide a valuable source for the construction of modern holistic constructivist education, according to which the student is not only active but also becomes a partner of the teacher in the process of developing their knowledge, skills and socio-emotional resources. The article presents the assumptions of Steiner’s education in the perspective of the two most important areas of organization of the learning environment: the role of the teacher and the methodology of work. Through analysis of the texts, the method of organization of the educational process will be presented, which can be used in elementary schools in grades 1-3.

Implementation of solution-focused approach in teacher’s educational work

For many teachers working at school means solving problems of a various nature. These problems are often associated with teaching difficulties, and even more often with educational issues caused by students. When focussing on problems, teachers experience a sense of work overload, disappointment and stress, or a sense of helplessness and lack of empowerment. The paper presents an alternative, novel approach to teacher’s work. Instead of an in depth examination of problems, the solution-focussed approach redirects the teacher’s greater attention to searching for exceptions from existing problems and developing aspects which enable students to function effectively at school, to student’s achievements and resources. The article presents the theoretical assumptions of solution-based education and its possible use by the teacher in work with the student and the whole class.