scholarly journals Theoretical Approaches towards Studying the Transformation of the Family Institution

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-54
Author(s):  
Tatiana A. Gurko
Keyword(s):  
Family Life ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Private Life ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Family Structures ◽  
Institutional Approach ◽  
New Family ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
The Family

The transformation of the institutions of marriage, family and parenthood in recent decades in the context of rapid social, economic, cultural and technological innovations worldwide encourages theorists to look for explanations of the nature and direction of the processes that are taking place. American sociologists of the family Stan Knapp and Greg Wurm present a rather promising systematization of the theoretical approaches to changes in the institution of the family. The criteria of approaches according to the authors’ typology: relationality – vertical / horizontal, and dimensionality – single / multidimensional. This article’s purpose is to reflect on this typology so that Russian researchers go beyond theorizing in the framework of “opposing paradigms of crisis – modernization of the institution of family” disputes, which are more ideological than scientific. The institutional approach is widely represented in the works of classics of foreign and Russian sociology of the family. The classic institutional approach is expanded upon by the works of representatives of the new institutional approach. In the approach of deinstitutionalization, the main emphasis is placed on increasing individual needs, with “family” being a “pure relationship”. The diversification approach, which was mentioned among others by the author of this very article in the mid-1990’s, seems to be the most constructive from an empirical point of view. The article shows the diversification of the family institution, the spread of new family structures in many countries with references to empirical studies and statistical sources. Knapp and Wurm, the authors of the presented typology, consider the approach of institutional logic in relation to the family to be promising. The main problems of its application are discussed in article. The application of the classical theory of family development, as it was formulated in the 20th century when normative family paths were dominant, is also problematized, together with the lack of Russian longitudinal studies and works that describe modern family life paths. What western sociologists agree on, and what the analysis of Russian studies confirms, are the differences in the models of organizing private life in different social groups, at least among educated and uneducated citizens. Analysis of trends in the prevalence of alternative forms of family life in different social groups allows us to assess the nature of changes in the institutions of marriage and family, either as evolutionary or transformational.

Family Formation and Parenthood

2020 ◽  
pp. 220-254
Author(s):  
Claire Fenton-Glynn
Keyword(s):  
Family Life ◽  
Family Formation ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Same Sex Couples ◽  
New Methods ◽  
New Family ◽  
The Family ◽  
Reproductive Techniques ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Way

This chapter examines the interpretation of ‘family life’ under Article 8 and the way that this has evolved throughout the Court’s history. It contrasts the approach of the Court to ‘family life’ between children and mothers, with ‘family life’ between fathers and children, noting the focus of the Court on function over form. It then turns to the establishment of parenthood, both in terms of maternity and paternity, as well as the right of the child to establish information concerning their origins. Finally, the chapter examines the changing face of the family, considering new family forms, including same-sex couples and transgender parents, as well as new methods of reproduction, such as artificial reproductive techniques and surrogacy.

“Our City, Our Hearths, Our Families“: Local Loyalties and Private Life in Soviet World War II Propaganda

Slavic Review ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 825-847 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa A. Kirschenbaum
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
The State ◽  
Private Life ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Narrow Sense ◽  
World War ◽  
Party Discipline ◽  
Counter Narrative ◽  
National Symbols ◽  
The Family

During World War II, images of mothers constituted one of the most striking—and lasting—additions to Soviet propaganda. The appearance of “Mother Russia” has been understood as a manifestation of the Soviet state's wartime renunciation of appeals to Marxism-Leninism and its embrace of nationalism. Yet “Mother Russia” (rodina-mat', more literally, the “motherland mother“) was an ambiguous national figure. The word rodina, from the verb rodit', to give birth, can mean birthplace both in the narrow sense of hometown and in the broad sense of “motherland,” and it suggests the centrality of the private and the local in wartime conceptions of public duty. Mothers functioned in Soviet propaganda both as national symbols and as the constantly reworked and reimagined nexus between home and nation, between love for the family and devotion to the state. From this point of view, the new prominence of mothers in wartime propaganda can be understood as part of what Jeffrey Brooks has identified as the “counter-narrative” of individual initiative and private motives, as opposed to party discipline, that dominated the centrally controlled press's coverage of the first years of the war.

Família reconstruída: a nova construção da conjugalidade

2008 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 300
Author(s):  
Iana Bezerra Lima
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Academic World ◽  
Process Of Change ◽  
Family Structures ◽  
Traditional Family ◽  
First Marriage ◽  
New Family ◽  
The Family ◽  
Los Grupos

ABSTRACTDescriptive study, update, aiming to identify the family social changes, the family and its life cycle, rebuilding the family, in your new life cycle to identify the importance of family therapy, this process of re-marriage. This is an issue of timeliness, increasingly frequent, though little discussed in the academic world. In the traditional family, where the couple and children living and paternalism commands, is no longer the only model of relations between people. With this process of change biopsychosocial, economic, the difficulties faced by families have become increasingly constant and conflicting. The family groups disrupted and restructured created new family structures where these new relationships and new roles are more complex than in the traditional family model. The difficulties encountered by families restructured are different, if the assumption that there is a link parent/son before the marriage. In the first marriage, the couple goes through the process of adaptation and creates a bond before dealing with their children, which does not occur in the family rebuilt. Moreover, previous marital experiences can influence poorly resolved in this new reconstruction marriage. Descriptors: family; marriage; divorce; family restructured.RESUMOEstudo descritivo, de atualização, com o objetivo de identificar as mudanças sociais da família, da família e do seu ciclo vital, reconstruindo a família, no seu novo ciclo de vida para identificar a importância da terapia familiar, neste processo de re-casamento. Trata-se de uma temática da contemporaneidade, cada vez mais freqüente, embora pouco discutido no mundo acadêmico. Na família tradicional, na qual o casal e filhos vivem e o paternalismo comanda, deixou de ser o único modelo de inter-relações. Com esse processo de mudança biopsicossocial, econômico, as dificuldades enfrentadas pelas famílias também se tornaram cada vez mais constantes e conflituosas. Os núcleos familiares desfeitos e refeitos criaram novas estruturas familiares onde estão presentes novos relacionamentos e os novos papéis mais complexos do que no modelo de família tradicional. As dificuldades encontradas pelas famílias reconstruídas são diferentes, se partimos do princípio que existe um vínculo progenitor/filho que antecede o vínculo conjugal. No primeiro casamento, o casal passa pela fase de adaptação e cria um vínculo antes de lidar com os filhos, o que não ocorre na família reconstruída. Além disso, experiências conjugais anteriores mal resolvidas podem influenciar nesta nova reconstrução conjugal. Descritores: família; casamento; divórcio; família reconstruída.RESUMENEstudio descriptivo, de atualización, con el objetivo de identificar los cambios sociales de la familia, de la familia y su ciclo de vida, de la reconstrucción de la familia, en su nuevo ciclo de vida para identificar la importancia de la terapia familiar, este proceso de volver a contraer matrimonio. Se trata de una cuestión de oportunidad, cada vez más frecuentes, aunque poco debatido en el mundo académico. En la familia tradicional, donde la pareja y los niños que viven y el paternalismo comandos, ya no es el único modelo de las relaciones entre las personas. Con este proceso de cambio biopsicosocial, económicas, las dificultades que enfrentan las familias se han convertido en constante y cada vez más conflictiva. Los grupos familiares perturbadas y reestructurado creado nuevas estructuras familiares que son estas nuevas relaciones y nuevas funciones más complejas que en el modelo de familia tradicional. Las dificultades encontradas por las familias reestructuradas son hijo antes del-diferentes, si la hipótesis de que existe un vínculo padre/hijo. En el primer matrimonio, la pareja pasa por el proceso de adaptación y crea un bono antes de hacer frente a sus hijos, lo que no ocurre en la familia reconstruida. Por otra parte, las experiencias matrimoniales anteriores pueden influir en mal resueltas en esta nueva reconstrucción del matrimonio. Descriptores: familia; matrimonio; divorcio; familia reestructurada.

scholarly journals The Fundamental Human Right to Marry and to Family Life and their Protection in the Legal Framework of the Republic of Macedonia

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M.Sc. Albana Metaj-Stojanova
Keyword(s):  
Family Life ◽  
Nuclear Family ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Human Right ◽  
Family Structures ◽  
Degree Of Protection ◽  
Republic Of Macedonia ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Right

The right to family life is a fundamental human right, recognized by a series of international and European acts, which not only define and ensure its protection, but also emphasize the social importance of the family unit and the institution of marriage. The right to family life has evolved rapidly, since it was first introduced as an international human right by the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR). The family structure and the concept of family life have changed dramatically over the last few decades, influenced by the everchanging social reality of our time and the decline of the institution of marriage. Aside from the traditional European nuclear family composed of two married persons of opposite sex and their marital children, new forms of family structures have arisen. LGTB families are at the centre of the ongoing debate on re-defining marriage and the concept of family life. The aim of this paper is to analyse the degree of protection accorded to family life and to the right to marry, which has long been recognized as one of the vital personal rights essential to the pursuit of happiness by free men by both, international acts ratified by the Republic of Macedonia and the legal system of the country. The methodology applied is qualitative research and use of the analytical, historical and comparative methods. The paper concludes that in general Republic of Macedonia has a solid legal framework, in compliance with the international law, that protects and promotes the right to family life.

scholarly journals Nuevos horizontes familiares: Una reflexión en la formación inicial del profesorado

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-176
Author(s):  
Ana Abril ◽  
Matilde Peinado
Keyword(s):  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Family Tree ◽  
Family Structures ◽  
Childhood Education ◽  
Family Diversity ◽  
New Family ◽  
Infant School ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Spanish Legislation

Resumen:La sociedad actual ha transformado la estructura familiar; las familias diversas (monoparentales, ensambladas, homoparentales, etc.) ya no son la excepción. Aunque la legislación española atiende esta realidad, todavía no se aborda abiertamente en las aulas, como ocurre en otros países. La normalización de los nuevos modelos familiares debe de gestarse desde edades tempranas y el profesorado (en concreto su formación) es una pieza clave para garantizar el éxito. En este trabajo se presentan, en primer lugar, las ideas previas de los futuros profesores de Educación Infantil sobre la diversidad familiar. A continuación, se muestra el análisis crítico de los futuros docentes hacia dos instrumentos complementarios que favorecen el trabajo inclusivo: el árbol genealógico y el “familyme”. Por último, se discuten los resultados desde el punto de vista de la formación del profesorado y de una posible implementación en las aulas de infantil. Abstract:Modern society has transformed family structure. Diverse families are no longer the exception (single parents, homosexual parents, step families, etc.). Although Spanish legislation reflects this fact, it does not openly address it in the classroom as is the case in other countries. The standardisation of new family structures should be nurtured from a young age and teachers are a key element in guaranteeing that it is done successfully (especially through their training). Firstly, this study outlines the beliefs of future Early Childhood Education teachers on the subject of family diversity. The following critical analysis carried out by future teachers is set out regarding two complementary instruments which favour inclusive work: the family tree and the “familyme”. Lastly, results are discussed from a teacher training standpoint and from possible implementation within infant school classrooms.

scholarly journals Die Kernfamilie als Ideal. Zur Konstruktion von Scheidung und Nachscheidungsfamilien

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-84
Author(s):  
Ulrike Zartler
Keyword(s):  
Family Life ◽  
Children And Families ◽  
Family Policies ◽  
Family Structures ◽  
Nuclear Families ◽  
Qualitative Survey ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Family ◽  
Living Together ◽  
Family Based

Against the backdrop of high divorce rates and changing concepts in the social sciences, the issue is addressed as to how children and families construct divorce and patterns of family life prior and subsequent to divorce. Based on an Austrian qualitative survey of 50 ten-year old children and their respective parents (n=71), it can be shown that divorce is predominantly constructed as a disintegration of the family. Based upon the dimensions of normalcy, complementarity and stability, nuclear families are being perceived as the most advantageous form of living together as a family. Whereas single-parent families are constructed as being both deficient and disadvantaged, stepfamilies are seen in a more positive light which, in turn, is due to the everyday presence of two parents in those families. These findings indicate that the interviewees orientate themselves along the lines of the model of disorganization, hierarchized ways of family life, and family concepts that are household-centered and focus primarily on family structures. Finally, the implications and repercussions of these findings for family policies and family research are being discussed. Zusammenfassung Vor dem Hintergrund hoher Scheidungsraten und veränderter sozialwissenschaftlicher Konzepte wird die Frage gestellt, wie Kinder und Eltern Scheidungen sowie familiale Lebensformen vor und nach einer Scheidung konstruieren. Basierend auf einer österreichischen qualitativen Befragung von 50 zehnjährigen Kindern und ihren Eltern (n= 71) zeigt sich, dass Scheidung überwiegend als Auflösung der Familie konstruiert wird. Kernfamilien werden, basierend auf den Aspekten Normalität, Komplementarität und Stabilität, als vorteilhafteste Lebensform wahrgenommen. Ein-Eltern-Familien werden als defizitär und benachteiligt konstruiert, während Stieffamilien aufgrund der alltäglichen Präsenz von zwei Elternpersonen positiver betrachtet werden. Die Ergebnisse verweisen auf eine Orientierung am Desorganisationsmodell, eine Hierarchisierung von Lebensformen sowie haushaltszentrierte und familienstrukturell fokussierte Konzeptionen. Auswirkungen und Implikationen dieser Ergebnisse für Sozialpolitik und Familienforschung werden diskutiert.

scholarly journals Identifikasi Problematika Pelacuran dalam Perspektif Hukum

Humaniora ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 566
Author(s):  
Indarto Indarto
Keyword(s):  
Drug Abuse ◽  
Social Problem ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Empirical Reality ◽  
Positive Law ◽  
The Family ◽  
And Function ◽  
Economic Motives ◽  
Role And Function

Prostitution is a classic social problem existed continuously as though it is difficult to eradicate. It makes the topic on prostitution becomes interesting to discuss. This paper identified the problem of prostitution from the viewpoint of positive law and empirical reality in society. By combining normative and empirical studies, the article aims to provide an overview of the problem of prostitution more clearly. From the library resarch, it is found various types of prostitution occur. In addition, the motivation to commit prostitution was not solely caused by economic motives, but there were other motives such as drug abuse, for instance. To keep prostitution is not rampant, it is not solely relying on legal instruments, but the role and function of the family is important. Therefore, the problem of prostitution is not simply seen from one point of view, there are other factors as its cause. 

scholarly journals Investigating Scientists’ Views of the Family Resemblance Approach to Nature of Science in Science Education

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jen-Yi Wu ◽  
Sibel Erduran
Keyword(s):  
Science Education ◽  
Nature Of Science ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Family Resemblance ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
The Family ◽  
Institutional Contexts ◽  
Institutional Aspects ◽  
Written Questions

Abstract In this paper, we use the “Family Resemblance Approach” (FRA) as a framework to characterize how scientists view the nature of science (NOS). FRA presents NOS as a “system” that includes clusters or categories of ideas about the cognitive-epistemic and social-institutional aspects of science. For example, the cognitive-epistemic aspects include aims and values such as objectivity and scientific methods such as hypothesis testing. Social-institutional aspects refer to a range of components including social values such as honesty about evidence and institutional contexts of science such as research institutions. Characterized as such, NOS is thus a system of interacting components. The initial account of FRA was proposed by philosophers of science and subsequently adapted and extended for science education including through empirical studies. Yet, there is little understanding of the extent to which FRA coheres with scientists’ own depictions about NOS. Hence, an empirical study was conducted with scientists to investigate their views about FRA as well as their views of NOS using the FRA framework. In so doing, the research sought to explore the utility of FRA from scientists’ point of view. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of 17 Taiwanese scientists’ responses to a set of written questions indicates that scientists are in agreement with the FRA account of NOS, and they detail all aspects in their reference to NOS, although the social-institutional aspects are underrepresented in their depiction. Implications for further studies and science education are discussed.

Psychometric Properties of a New Family Life Satisfaction Scale

2000 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 98-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Barraca ◽  
Luis López Yarto ◽  
Julio Olea
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Family Life ◽  
Temporal Stability ◽  
Family Satisfaction ◽  
Normal Sample ◽  
Satisfaction Scale ◽  
New Family ◽  
The Family ◽  
Linear Correlations ◽  
Life Satisfaction Scale

Summary: A scale of bipolar adjectives, the Family Satisfaction by Adjectives Scale (F.S.A.S.), is presented, consisting of 27 items designed to measure family satisfaction, mainly related to the affective connotation derived from family interaction. After applying the scale to a sample of 274 subjects and 16 patients in family therapy, we obtained (a) acceptable indicators of internal consistency (α = .976) and temporal stability (rxx = 0.758), (b) clear evidence of unidimensionality, (c) significant linear correlations with other measures of family satisfaction (Family Satisfaction, Olson & Wilson, 1982 ; Family Satisfaction Scale, Carver, & Jones, 1992 ), and (d) significant differences between a normal sample and a clinical one.

I. Gregorian Reform in Action: Clerical Marriage in England, 1050–1200

1956 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. N. L. Brooke
Keyword(s):  
Twelfth Century ◽  
Family Life ◽  
Eleventh Century ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Social Revolution ◽  
Modest Proposal ◽  
The Family ◽  
The World ◽  
Divine Origin ◽  
Gregorian Reform

Few men have ever shown a more sublime faith in the divine origin of their mission than the papal reformers of the eleventh century. They set to work with a ‘modest proposal’ to destroy two of the most intimate and powerful foundations of clerical society: they aimed to abolish simony and with it the lay control of patronage; they tried to destroy the family life of the clergy. From one point of view they were doing only what every policeman does—they were trying to enforce the established law. From another point of view their platform was a devastating social revolution. If we may admire the high idealism of Leo IX, Humbert, Hildebrand and Peter Damian, we must also concede that their work had many victims; the legislation of the eleventh-century Popes on clerical marriage must have produced as many broken homes and personal tragedies as the morals of Hollywood. Both Damian the ascetic and Heloise the deserted wife have a claim on our sympathy as historians; and both found their supporters in their own day. Between the unbending demand for the enforcement of celibacy and the view of the Anonymous of York that it was entirely proper for the clergy to be married there were many possible positions. The Anonymous (writing at the turn of the eleventh and twelfth centuries) was propounding opinions already obsolescent; and clerical marriage found few defenders in the middle and late twelfth century. But if the field narrowed, the subtleties of the problem were more fully appreciated. The twelfth century was an age of growing sophistication in lay circles as well as clerical. Nowhere was this more true than in the world of love and of marriage; in that century (whatever the lot of womankind as a whole) the romantic ideal was born, under whose spell we still live. It is the variety and the subtlety of the view-points which give my subject its interest, and also its intractability. Clerical marriage is an exceedingly delicate topic, though it has not always been delicately treated.

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