scholarly journals Strategic investment decisions in multi-stage contests with heterogeneous players

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Deutscher ◽  
Marco Sahm ◽  
Sandra Schneemann ◽  
Hendrik Sonnabend
Keyword(s):  
Investment Decisions ◽  
Yellow Card ◽  
Strategic Investment ◽  
Heterogeneous Players ◽  
Professional Soccer ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Using Data ◽  
To Receive ◽  
A Current ◽  
Degree Of Heterogeneity

AbstractWhen heterogeneous players make strategic investment decisions in multi-stage contests, they might conserve resources in a current contest to spend more in a subsequent contest, if the degree of heterogeneity in the current (subsequent) contest is sufficiently large (small). We confirm these predictions using data from German professional soccer, in which players are subject to a one-match ban if they accumulate five yellow cards. Players with four yellow cards facing the risk of being suspended for the next match are (i) less likely to be fielded when the heterogeneity in the current match increases and (ii) more likely to receive a fifth yellow card in the current match when heterogeneity in the next match increases or heterogeneity in the next match but one (when they return from their ban) decreases.

scholarly journals Strategic Investment Decisions in Multi-Stage Contests with Heterogeneous Players

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Deutscher ◽  
Marco Sahm ◽  
Sandra Schneemann ◽  
Hendrik Sonnabend
Keyword(s):  
Investment Decisions ◽  
Strategic Investment ◽  
Heterogeneous Players ◽  
Multi Stage

Crowds, Lending, Machine, and Bias

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Runshan Fu ◽  
Yan Huang ◽  
Param Vir Singh
Keyword(s):  
Prediction Accuracy ◽  
Investment Decisions ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
Lower Interest Rate ◽  
Lending Decisions ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Financial Portfolios ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Algorithmic Bias ◽  
Better Than

Can machines outperform crowds in financial lending decisions? Using data from a crowd-lending platform, we show that, compared with portfolios created by crowds, a reasonably sophisticated machine can construct financial portfolios that provide better returns while controlling for risk. Further, we find that the machine-created portfolios benefit not only the lenders, but also the borrowers. Borrowers receive loans at a much lower interest rate as the machine can weed out the riskiest loans better than the crowds. We also find suggestive evidence of algorithmic bias in machine decisions. We find that, compared with women, men are more likely to receive loans by machine. We propose a general and effective “debiasing” method that can be applied to any prediction-focused machine learning (ML) applications. We show that the debiased ML algorithm, which suffers from lower prediction accuracy, still improves the crowd’s investment decisions in our context. Our results indicate that ML can help crowd-lending platforms better fulfill the promise of providing access to financial resources to otherwise underserved individuals and ensure fairness in the allocation of these resources.

Quality of inpatient antimicrobial use in hematology and oncology patients

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Abby P. Douglas ◽  
Lisa Hall ◽  
Rodney S. James ◽  
Leon J. Worth ◽  
Monica A. Slavin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Marrow Transplant ◽  
Antifungal Prophylaxis ◽  
Neutropenic Fever ◽  
Antibacterial Prophylaxis ◽  
Separate Analysis ◽  
Prescribing Practices ◽  
Oncology Patients ◽  
Antimicrobial Prescribing ◽  
Using Data ◽  
To Receive

Abstract Objectives: To compare antimicrobial prescribing practices in Australian hematology and oncology patients to noncancer acute inpatients and to identify targets for stewardship interventions. Design: Retrospective comparative analysis of a national prospectively collected database. Methods: Using data from the 2014–2018 annual Australian point-prevalence surveys of antimicrobial prescribing in hospitalized patients (ie, Hospital National Antimicrobial Prescribing Survey called Hospital NAPS), the most frequently used antimicrobials, their appropriateness, and guideline concordance were compared among hematology/bone marrow transplant (hemBMT), oncology, and noncancer inpatients in the setting of treatment of neutropenic fever and antibacterial and antifungal prophylaxis. Results: In 454 facilities, 94,226 antibiotic prescriptions for 62,607 adult inpatients (2,230 hemBMT, 1,824 oncology, and 58,553 noncancer) were analyzed. Appropriateness was high for neutropenic fever management across groups (83.4%–90.4%); however, hemBMT patients had high rates of carbapenem use (111 of 746 prescriptions, 14.9%), and 20.2% of these prescriptions were deemed inappropriate. Logistic regression demonstrated that hemBMT patients were more likely to receive appropriate antifungal prophylaxis compared to oncology and noncancer patients (adjusted OR, 5.3; P < .001 for hemBMT compared to noncancer patients). Oncology had a low rate of antifungal prophylaxis guideline compliance (67.2%), and incorrect dosage and frequency were key factors. Compared to oncology patients, hemBMT patients were more likely to receive appropriate nonsurgical antibacterial prophylaxis (aOR, 8.4; 95% CI, 5.3–13.3; P < .001). HemBMT patients were also more likely to receive appropriate nonsurgical antibacterial prophylaxis compared to noncancer patients (OR, 3.1; 95% CI, 1.9–5.0; P < .001). However, in the Australian context, the hemBMT group had higher than expected use of fluoroquinolone prophylaxis (66 of 831 prescriptions, 8%). Conclusions: This study demonstrates why separate analysis of hemBMT and oncology populations is necessary to identify specific opportunities for quality improvement in each patient group.

scholarly journals PSYCHOLOGICAL PROFILE OF PATIENTS ELIGIBLE FOR BARIATRIC SURGERY

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 27-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graziela Aparecida Nogueira de Almeida RIBEIRO ◽  
Helenice Brizolla GIAMPIETRO ◽  
Lídia Barbieri BELARMINO ◽  
Wilson SALGADO-JÚNIOR
Keyword(s):  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Binge Eating ◽  
Average Score ◽  
Psychological Profile ◽  
Psychosocial Characteristics ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Binge Eating Scale ◽  
To Receive

Abstract Background: The psychologist who works in bariatric surgery has a role to receive, evaluate, prepare and educate the patient who will undergo the surgical procedure. Psychological evaluation becomes important in so far as allows us to obtain data on personal and familiar history and allow tracing of possible psychopathology. Aim: To collect data on psychological evaluations of patients in a bariatric surgery service of a public hospital in order to describe the psychological profile of patients in this service. Method: Data were collected from 827 patients between 2001 and 2015, using data from an interview, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and Binge Eating Scale (BES). Results: The mean age of patients before surgery was 39 years+/- 10, the mean BMI was 51 kg/m²+7, and most patients (81%) were female. The average score on the BDI was 14.8+8 and women had significantly higher scores than men. On the BAI the average score was 11+8 and on the ECAP was 14+8, both with no difference between groups. Conclusions: Psychosocial characteristics of the patients points to the significant presence of indicators of depression, with low levels of anxiety and binge eating.

An Increasing Role for Trabectedin in Gynecological Cancers: Efficacy in Uterine Sarcomas

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (Supp 1) ◽  
pp. S3-S5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabelle Ray-Coquard
Keyword(s):  
Phase Ii ◽  
Progression Free Survival ◽  
Uterine Leiomyosarcoma ◽  
Uterine Sarcomas ◽  
Free Survival ◽  
Phase Ii Studies ◽  
Prospective Phase ◽  
Pretreated Patients ◽  
To Receive ◽  
A Current

Trabectedin is indicated for patients with advanced soft tissue sarcoma after failure of treatment with anthracyclines and ifosfamide or for patients who are unsuited to receive these agents. The agent has shown activity in patients with advanced uterine leiomyosarcoma, with an acceptable safety profile. Thus, the results of phase II studies have shown that treatment with trabectedin results in 30% progression-free survival at 6 months. More than 50% of these pretreated patients were alive at 1 year. The response rate, progression-free survival, and overall survival compared favorably with other single agents (eg, doxorubicin, ifosfamide, and gemcitabine), with clinical benefit in 50% of patients in second-line treatment. These results are being confirmed in a current prospective phase II study in first-line uterine leiomyosarcoma combining trabectedin with doxorubicin.

scholarly journals Implementation of the Zakat Village Index to Support a Zakat Community Development Program in Bedono Village, Demak District

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 25-38
Author(s):  
Farikhatusholikhah . ◽  
Tanti Novianti
Keyword(s):  
Community Development ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
National Level ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Analytical Tool ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
To Receive

BAZNAS is the organization that manages zakat on a national level, working toward alleviating poverty in Indonesia through its Zakat Community Development (ZCD) program. The ZCD program focuses on community-based development through the empowerment of the mustahik community living in rural areas. This study aims to measure the level of welfare and determine the eligibility of Bedono Village, Demak District to receive assistance in the form of zakat funds through the ZCD program. This research employed a survey method using interviews and focus group discussion, combined with a questionnaire. The analytical tool used in this analysis is the Multi-Stage Weighted Index. This research reveals the condition of Bedono Village to be “fairly good,” with an index score of 0.49. This means that Bedono Village can be considered for eligibility to receive help in the form of zakat.

Product Proliferation under Rational Inattention: Application to Health Insurance

2021 ◽  
Vol 111 ◽  
pp. 554-559
Author(s):  
Zach Y. Brown ◽  
Jihye Jeon
Keyword(s):  
Health Insurance ◽  
Prescription Drug ◽  
Market Share ◽  
Information Acquisition ◽  
Rational Inattention ◽  
Drug Insurance ◽  
Acquisition Costs ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Product Proliferation ◽  
To Receive

In markets with complicated products such as insurance, why do firms offer many products even when consumers appear to receive little benefit? We show that when consumers face information acquisition costs, firms may have an incentive to introduce many undifferentiated products. This allows firms to gain market share and increase markups. We document initial evidence consistent with the model using data from Medicare prescription drug insurance. Insurers that offer more duplicate or similar plans have higher-cost plans. These results suggest a role for policymakers to restrict product proliferation in markets with complicated products.

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