Advances in the biological control of phytoparasitic nematodes via the use of nematophagous fungi

AbstractThe possible environmental effects of the massive use of Duddingtonia flagrans for controlling sheep nematodes were evaluated in two regions. Non-supplemented faeces and faeces from sheep supplemented with D. flagrans were deposited three times on pasture plots and samples were collected 7 and 14 days post-deposition. Samples were cultured in agar-water (2%) with Panagrellus spp. to recover D. flagrans and other nematophagous fungi, and soil nematodes were extracted using Baermann funnels and counted. No significant differences in the populations of soil nematodes and fungi colonizing sheep faeces (P > 0.05) were observed between supplemented and non-supplemented groups, except in one sample. The topsoil in contact with the faeces was sampled 1–4 months post-deposition, revealing that, with one exception, D. flagrans did not persist in soil beyond 2 months post-deposition. Duddingtonia flagrans does not affect faecal colonization by other fungi and soil nematodes and, once deployed on pasture, does not survive for long periods in the environment.

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Infection of plant-parasitic nematodes by nematophagous fungi – a review of the application of molecular biology to understand infection processes and to improve biological control

Nematology ◽

10.1163/1568541041218004 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 161-170 ◽

Cited By ~ 78

Author(s):

Oliver Morton ◽

Penny Hirsch ◽

Brian Kerry

Keyword(s):

Biological Control ◽

Molecular Biology ◽

Control Plant ◽

Nematophagous Fungi ◽

Parasitic Nematodes ◽

Biological Control Agents ◽

Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽

Parasitic Fungi ◽

Infection Processes ◽

Plant Parasitic

AbstractEnvironmental concerns over conventional nematicides have led to increasing interest in the use of biological control agents to control plant-parasitic nematodes. The development of nematophagous fungi as biological control agents has revealed a need for further understanding of their infection processes. The egg-parasitic fungi, Pochonia chlamydosporia and Paecilomyces lilacinus, and the nematode trapping fungus, Arthrobotrys oligospora, have received the most attention. Through the application of biochemistry and molecular biology, aspects of their infection processes have been elucidated. This has involved the characterisation of enzymes that aid penetration of the eggshell or the nematode body wall and the identification of nematicidal toxins. This growing understanding of the biology of infection is opening new avenues in the improvement of fungi as biological control agents.

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Coadministration of nematophagous fungi for biological control over gastrointestinal helminths in sheep in the semiarid region of northeastern Brazil

Veterinary Parasitology ◽

10.1016/j.vetpar.2016.03.027 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 221 ◽

pp. 139-143 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Vinícius Longo Ribeiro Vilela ◽

Thais Ferreira Feitosa ◽

Fabio Ribeiro Braga ◽

Jackson Victor de Araújo ◽

Antonielson dos Santos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Biological Control ◽

Nematophagous Fungi ◽

Northeastern Brazil ◽

Semiarid Region ◽

Gastrointestinal Helminths

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In vitro biological control of bovine parasitic nematodes by Arthrobotrys cladodes, Duddingtonia flagrans and Pochonia chlamydosporia under different temperature conditions

Journal of Helminthology ◽

10.1017/s0022149x20000796 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 94 ◽

Author(s):

Ítalo Stoupa Vieira ◽

Isabela de Castro Oliveira ◽

Artur Kanadani Campos ◽

Jackson Victor de Araújo

Keyword(s):

Biological Control ◽

Mycelial Growth ◽

Nematophagous Fungi ◽

Nematicidal Activity ◽

Parasitic Nematodes ◽

Duddingtonia Flagrans ◽

Pochonia Chlamydosporia ◽

Fungal Strains ◽

Temperature Conditions

Abstract Variations in temperature can affect the development of nematophagous fungi, especially when they are used in the biological control of parasitic nematodes in the pastures where cattle are reared. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effects of temperature on the performance of nematophagous fungi in the biological control of bovine parasitic nematodes. The mycelial growth, chlamydospore production and nematicidal activity of Duddingtonia flagrans, Arthrobotrys cladodes and Pochonia chlamydosporia were evaluated at 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35°C. The fungal strains achieved mycelial growth, chlamydospore production and nematicidal activity on parasitic nematodes under all temperature conditions tested. The fungi showed higher growth at intermediate temperatures (20, 25 and 30°C) than at the extremes of 15 and 35°C. At 25 and 30°C, D. flagrans realized 96.8 and 94.5% nematicidal activity on bovine parasitic nematodes, respectively. Arthrobotrys cladodes effected nematicidal activity of 85.3 and 83.5%, at 20 and 25°C, respectively. At 20 and 30°C, P. chlamydosporia achieved nematicidal activity of 81.3 and 87.4%, respectively. The maximum chlamydospore production was reached at 20, 25 and 30°C for D. flagrans, at 20 and 25°C for A. cladodes and P. chlamydosporia. The results of this study demonstrated that the tested fungal strains of D. flagrans, A. cladodes and P. chlamydosporia, when used in the biological control of bovine parasitic nematodes, were not limited by in vitro temperature variations. Therefore, the use of these strains of fungi as biological control agents of parasitic nematodes is promising.

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Nematophagous Pleurotus Species Consume Some Nematode Species but Are Themselves Consumed by Others

Forests ◽

10.3390/f10050404 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 404 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Maria Marlin ◽

Avery Wolf ◽

Maryam Alomran ◽

Lynn Carta ◽

George Newcombe

Keyword(s):

Biological Control ◽

Pleurotus Ostreatus ◽

Nematode Species ◽

Nematophagous Fungi ◽

Specific Interactions ◽

Pleurotus Pulmonarius ◽

Pleurotus Species ◽

Species Specific

Pleurotus species are said to be nematophagous because they paralyze and consume some bacterial-feeding nematodes. It has never been clear whether that means all nematodes. Here we tested thirteen bacterial-feeding nematode species: seven of family Rhabditidae, three of Cephalobidae (one with three populations), two of Panagrolaimidae, and one of Diplogastridae. Nematodes interacted on water agar with toxin-producing isolates of Pleurotus pulmonarius (Fr.) Quél. and Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq.) P. Kumm. Of the thirteen species, nine were susceptible to P. pulmonarius (all individuals were paralyzed) but four (four populations of two cephalobid species, one rhabditid, and one panagrolaimid) survived exposure to P. pulmonarius. The resistant four species not only survived but multiplied their numbers by consuming P. pulmonarius. A similar trend was observed with nematodes interacting with P. ostreatus; however, six species were resistant to P. ostreatus. Interestingly, four of these six species were susceptible to P. pulmonarius, and interactions overall were differential. Pleurotus species are nematophagous toward some nematodes but are also consumed by others in three of the four families assayed. Species-specific interactions point to the need for studies of the host ranges of both “nematophagous” fungi and “fungivorous” nematodes, especially if they are to be used for biological control.

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Coadministration of Nematophagous Fungi for Biological Control over Nematodes in Bovine in the South-Eastern Brazil

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2018/2934674 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Fábio Dias Luns ◽

Rafaela Carolina Lopes Assis ◽

Laryssa Pinheiro Costa Silva ◽

Carolina Magri Ferraz ◽

Fábio Ribeiro Braga ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Biological Control ◽

Nematophagous Fungi ◽

Control Group ◽

Duddingtonia Flagrans ◽

Brachiaria Decumbens ◽

Fecal Egg Count ◽

Eastern Brazil ◽

The Mean ◽

Group 5 ◽

Group 1

This study compared the coadministration among the three nematode predatory fungi, Duddingtonia flagrans, Monacrosporium thaumasium, and Arthrobotrys robusta, in the biological control of cattle gastrointestinal nematodiasis in comparison with the use of the fungus D. flagrans alone. Five groups consisting of eight Girolando heifers were kept in paddocks of Brachiaria decumbens for six months. Each heifer received 1 g/10 kg of pellets containing the fungi (0.2 g of fungus/10 kg b.w.). Group 1 (G1) received pellets with D. flagrans and M. thaumasium in coadministration, G2 received D. flagrans and A. robusta, G3 received M. thaumasium, A. robusta, and D. flagrans, and G4 received the fungus D. flagrans alone. Group 5 (control) received pellets without fungi. The monthly mean of fecal egg count (FEC) of Groups 1, 2, 3, and 4 were 93.8, 85.3, 82.7, and 96.4% smaller than the mean of control group. The treatments with pellets containing D. flagrans or D. flagrans + M. thaumasium produced significantly better results than the D. flagrans + A. robusta or the combination of the three fungi. The associations which include A. robusta were less efficient in this study than D. flagrans alone or associated with M. thaumasium.

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