scholarly journals Development of Smart Grid Testbed with Low-Cost Hardware and Software for Cybersecurity Research and Education

2018 ◽  
Vol 101 (3) ◽  
pp. 1357-1377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Annor-Asante ◽  
Bernardi Pranggono
Keyword(s):  
Smart Grid ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Research And Education

Beyond Smart Grid: Alternatives for Transmission and Low-Cost Firming Storage of Stranded Renewables as Hydrogen and Ammonia Fuels via Underground Pipelines

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
William C. Leighty ◽  
John H. Holbrook
Keyword(s):  
Smart Grid ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Large Solution ◽  
Electricity Grid ◽  
Underground Pipelines ◽  
The World ◽  
Integration Problem ◽  
Salt Caverns ◽  
Annual Scale ◽  
Very High

We must soon “run the world on renewables” but cannot, and should not try to, accomplish this entirely with electricity transmission. We need to supply all energy, not just electricity, from diverse renewable energy (RE) resources, both distributed and centralized, where the world’s richest RE resources — of large geographic extent and high intensity — are stranded: far from end-users with inadequate or nonexistent gathering and transmission systems to deliver the energy. Electricity energy storage cannot affordably firm large, intermittent renewables at annual scale, while carbon-free gaseous hydrogen (GH2) and liquid anhydrous ammonia (NH3) fuels can: GH2 in large solution-mined salt caverns, NH3 in surface tanks, both pressurized and refrigerated. “Smart Grid” is emerging as primarily a DSM (demand side management) strategy to encourage energy conservation. Making the electricity grid “smarter” does not: 1. Increase physical transmission capacity; 2. Provide affordable annual-scale firming storage for RE; 3. Solve grid integration problem for large, time-varying RE; 4. Alleviate NIMBY objections to new transmission siting; 5. Reduce the high O&M costs of overhead electric lines. The “smarter” grid may be more vulnerable to cyberattack. Adding storage, control, and quality adjunct devices to the electricity grid, to accommodate very high renewables content, may be technically and economically inferior to GH2 and NH3 RE systems. Thus, we need to look beyond “smart grid”, expanding our concept of “transmission”, to synergistically and simultaneously solve the transmission, firming storage, and RE integration “balancing” problems now severely constraining our progress toward “running the world on renewables”.

Running the World on Renewables: Alternatives for Transmission and Low-Cost Firming Storage of Stranded Renewables as Hydrogen and Ammonia Fuels via Underground Pipelines

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
William C. Leighty ◽  
John H. Holbrook
Keyword(s):  
Smart Grid ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Large Solution ◽  
Electricity Grid ◽  
Underground Pipelines ◽  
The World ◽  
Integration Problem ◽  
Salt Caverns ◽  
Annual Scale ◽  
Very High

We must soon “run the world on renewables” but cannot, and should not try to, accomplish this entirely with electricity transmission. We need to supply all energy, not just electricity, from diverse renewable energy (RE) resources, both distributed and centralized, where the world’s richest RE resources — of large geographic extent and high intensity — are stranded: far from end-users with inadequate or nonexistent gathering and transmission systems to deliver the energy. Electricity energy storage cannot affordably firm large, intermittent renewables at annual scale, while carbon-free gaseous hydrogen (GH2) and liquid anhydrous ammonia (NH3) fuels can: GH2 in large solution-mined salt caverns, NH3 in surface tanks, both pressurized and refrigerated. “Smart Grid” is emerging as primarily a DSM (demand side management) strategy to encourage energy conservation. Making the electricity grid “smarter” does not: 1. Increase physical transmission capacity; 2. Provide affordable annual-scale firming storage for RE; 3. Solve grid integration problem for large, time-varying RE; 4. Alleviate NIMBY objections to new transmission siting; 5. Reduce the high O&M costs of overhead electric lines. The “smarter” grid may be more vulnerable to cyberattack. Adding storage, control, and quality adjunct devices to the electricity grid, to accommodate very high renewables content, may be technically and economically inferior to GH2 and NH3 RE systems. Thus, we need to look beyond “smart grid”, expanding our concept of “transmission”, to synergistically and simultaneously solve the transmission, firming storage, and RE integration “balancing” problems now severely constraining our progress toward “running the world on renewables”.

scholarly journals Physico-Chemical and Optical Examination of Water Stored in Copper Vessels

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2S2) ◽  
pp. 278-281
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Chemical Mechanism ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy ◽  
Chemical Studies ◽  
Optical Examination ◽  
Research And Education ◽  
Sudden Decrease ◽  
Different Water Sources

Storage of water in copper vessels is traditionally followed in past and many reports have been published about the antibacterial growth in copper vessel. It is essential to determine the water purity for drinking purposes in daily life through low cost approach. In the present work an attempt has been made to investigate the effect of storage of different drinking water in copper vessel for two week. The corresponding values of pH and TDS meter for different waters were recorded and analyzed. The optical properties such as UV-Vis and Raman studies along with physio-chemical parameters like pH and TDS were analyzed for 3weeks against different water sources kept in copper vessel. The Raman spectra provide information for different water sources. Similarly the UV-Vis spectroscopy provide the peak variation for different waters, however the effect of days and copper concentration analysis are in investigation. The Results obtained in this study reveals that water stored in copper vessel reduces the TDS level of bore water Tirunelveli and maintains its pH at 8.0 after 2 weeks. The bore water in Krishnan kovil (virudhunagar district) shows no variation in TDS after 1 week, but in 2nd week there is sudden decrease in TDS from 1050 to 944ppm and pH level decreases to 8.3 showing alkaline nature. Throughout the experiment we have noticed that the colour of copper vessel changes in case of bore water. For variation in studies we have also studied the pH and TDS of Drinking water at Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education. There is no change in colour of copper vessel and TDS and pH remains same up to one week, but in second week TDS increases to 100ppm while the pH remain constant at 7.4. These studies will help future researcher for designing of copper vessels and will help them to analyze the Physio-chemical studies of water. Moreover the chemical mechanism and reaction between copper vessel and leaching out of copper into water data base will be generated in future based on UV and Raman studies.

scholarly journals Development of Low-Cost ECG System for Comprehensive Monitoring Heart Function

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
prihatin oktivasari ◽  
Ishartati Ishartati ◽  
Riandini Riandini ◽  
Amy Hamidah Salman ◽  
Freddy Haryanto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Function ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Ecg Signal ◽  
Analog To Digital ◽  
Rr Interval ◽  
Time Operation ◽  
The Status ◽  
Real Time Operation ◽  
Research And Education

Abstract A simple system, a low-cost, fully automated, and design for monitoring RR interval Electrocardiography (ECG) signal described in this paper. The platform, named Simple Low-Cost Electrocardiography System (SLES), is capable of monitoring RR interval and R peaks in 3 lead standards. The system is in .exe format, so it can be easily installed on a computer. The system's goal is to design a fully integrated system for measuring a characteristic of Heart Rate Variability (HRV) parameters for various applications in heart signal research and education. The ECG signal is analog filtered and amplified and processed from analog to digital. Eventually, the ECG signal will be shown on the monitor after digital filtering. The data obtained from the ECG will accurately reflect the status of human heart health. The system has the benefits of small volume, low power consumption, low cost, and real-time operation. All design and development reports, files, and system software will be given non-commercial use online on https://github.com/oktivasari.

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