Fate and effects of metal-based nanoparticles in two marine invertebrates, the bivalve mollusc Scrobicularia plana and the annelid polychaete Hediste diversicolor

AbstractPolychaete assisted sand filters (PASFs) allow to combine a highly efficient retention of particulate organic matter (POM) present in aquaculture effluent water and turn otherwise wasted nutrients into valuable worm biomass, following an integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA) approach. This study evaluated the bioremediation and biomass production performances of three sets of PASFs stocked with ragworms (Hediste diversicolor) placed in three different locations of an open marine land-based IMTA system. The higher organic matter (OM) recorded in the substrate of the systems which received higher POM content (Raw and Df PASFs – filtered raw and screened by drum filter effluent, respectively) likely prompted a superior reproductive success of stocked polychaetes (final densities 2–7 times higher than initial stock; ≈1000–3000 ind. m−2). Bioremediation efficiencies of ≈70% of supplied POM (≈1.5–1.8 mg L−1) were reported in these systems. The PASFs with lower content of OM in the substrate (Df + Alg PASFs – filtered effluent previously screened by drum filter and macroalgae biofilter) differed significantly from the other two, with stocked polychaetes displaying a poorer reproductive success. The PASFs were naturally colonized with marine invertebrates, with the polychaetes Diopatra neapolitana, Terebella lapidaria and Sabella cf. pavonina being some of the species identified with potential for IMTA.

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Sediment Bulk Density Effects on Benthic Macrofauna Burrowing and Bioturbation Behavior

Frontiers in Marine Science ◽

10.3389/fmars.2021.707785 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Lauren E. Wiesebron ◽

Natalie Steiner ◽

Claudia Morys ◽

Tom Ysebaert ◽

Tjeerd J. Bouma

Keyword(s):

Grain Size ◽

Bulk Density ◽

Benthic Macrofauna ◽

Hediste Diversicolor ◽

Sediment Grain Size ◽

Sediment Reworking ◽

Sediment Compaction ◽

Scrobicularia Plana ◽

Lower Bulk Density ◽

And Behavior

Benthic macrofauna are a key component of intertidal ecosystems. Their mobility and behavior determine processes like nutrient cycling and the biogeomorphic development of intertidal flats. Many physical drivers of benthic macrofauna behavior, such as sediment grain size, have been well-studied. However, little is known about how sediment bulk density (a measure of sediment compaction and water content) affects this behavior. We investigated the effect of bulk density on the burrowing rate, burrowing depth, bioturbation activity, and oxygen consumption of bivalves (Limecola balthica, Scrobicularia plana, and Cerastoderma edule) and polychaetes (Hediste diversicolor and Arenicola marina) during a 29-day mesocosm experiment. We compared four sediment treatments consisting of two sediments of differing grain size classes (sandy and muddy) with two bulk densities (compact and soft). Overall, bulk density had a strong effect on benthic macrofauna behavior. Benthic macrofauna burrowed faster and bioturbation more intensely in soft sediments with low bulk density, regardless of grain size. In addition, L. balthica burrowed deeper in low bulk density sediment. Finally, we found that larger bivalves (both C. edule and S. plana) burrowed slower in compact sediment than smaller ones. This study shows that benthic macrofauna change their behavior in subtle but important ways under different sediment bulk densities which could affect animal-sediment interactions and tidal flat biogeomorphology. We conclude that lower bulk density conditions lead to more active macrofaunal movement and sediment reworking.

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A Mesocosm Study of Fate and Effects of CuO Nanoparticles on Endobenthic Species (Scrobicularia plana, Hediste diversicolor)

Environmental Science & Technology ◽

10.1021/es303513r ◽

2013 ◽

pp. 130110104824003 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Pierre-Emmanuel Buffet ◽

Marion Richard ◽

Fanny Caupos ◽

Aurore Vergnoux ◽

Hanane Perrein-Ettajani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cuo Nanoparticles ◽

Hediste Diversicolor ◽

Scrobicularia Plana

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Fine structure and early fertilization changes of the animal pole in eggs of the river lamprey, Lampetra fluviatilis

Development ◽

10.1242/dev.19.3.319 ◽

1968 ◽

Vol 19 (3) ◽

pp. 319-326

Author(s):

Lennart Nicander ◽

Björn A. Afzelius ◽

Inger Sjödén

Keyword(s):

Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽

Fine Structure ◽

Electron Microscope ◽

Marine Invertebrates ◽

Bivalve Mollusc ◽

Annulate Lamellae ◽

Animal Pole ◽

River Lamprey ◽

Vertebrate Eggs

Fertilization is accompanied by changes in the structure of the egg cytoplasm (cf. Rothschild, 1958; Raven, 1961). At the level of fine structure such changes have mainly been studied in some marine invertebrates with small eggs that can easily be fertilized in vitro (Pasteels & de Harven, 1963; Schäfer, 1966). Vertebrate eggs are less favourable in this respect, but electron microscope studies have been made on eggs of mammals (Fléchon, 1966; Zamboni & Mastroianni, 1966; Zamboni, Mishell, Bell & Baca, 1966) and Xenopus (van Gansen, 1966). Changes generally observed soon after fertilization include the formation of polysomes or an increase in their number, a hypertrophy of the Golgi complexes, and the appearance of granulated endoplasmic reticulum and annulate lamellae. Afzelius (1957) observed the dispersal of mitochondria in fertilized sea-urchin eggs. Pasteels & de Harven (1963) reported that the structure and distribution of cytoplasmic organelles in eggs of the bivalve mollusc, Barnea Candida, are not altered by fertilization.

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Bioaccumulation of heavy metals by the flora and benthic macrofauna of the Bouregreg estuary wetland

MATEC Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/matecconf/201814902054 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 149 ◽

pp. 02054

Author(s):

M. Khamar ◽

E. Cherkaoui ◽

A. Nounah

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

River System ◽

Benthic Macrofauna ◽

Organic Chemical ◽

Benthic Species ◽

Hediste Diversicolor ◽

Estuarine Ecosystem ◽

Water And Sediment ◽

Dominant Plant Species ◽

Scrobicularia Plana

Estuarine systems account for a high proportion of wetlands in Morocco due to the development of the river system. These estuarine and coastal Moroccan environments are as rich in fauna and flora as their European equivalents and present much originality. However, these coastal areas are generally highly urbanized and industrialized, and therefore subject to domestic and industrial discharges. The Bouregreg Estuary represents a good example of this situation, in view of this pollution (organic, chemical and biological) and the absence of fresh water supply upstream of the estuary after the dam was built, is increasingly unable of restoring the equilibrium of this ecosystem. This tide can instead ensure the polluting discharge downstream or upstream. Metallic contamination affects the different compartments of the estuarine ecosystem (sediment, water) and benthic species (fauna and flora). The objective of this study is to assess the accumulation and bioaccumulation of five heavy metals (Cu, Fe, Zn, Cr and Pb) at the sediment level of two dominant plant species (Artiplex portulacoides and Sarcocornia fructicosa) and three species of benthic macrofauna (Scrobicularia plana, Venerupis decussata and Hediste diversicolor) from the wetland of this estuary. This work will enable us to clearly understand the nutritional relationships between plant, animal, water and sediment species. The results of the analysis revealed that bioaccumulation varies from one species to another and from one metal to another. Thus, the levels of Lead and Chromium at Sarcocornia fructicosa are higher than those found at Artiplex portulacoides. Nevertheless, the latter accumulates better the other metals: Cu, Zn and Fe. While, the macrofauna shows a fairly large variation depending on the life style and sensitivity of species. Thus, Hediste diversicolor showed high levels of the various metals analyzed compared to Scrobicularia plana and Venerupis decussata.

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