Crop residue management and fertilization effects on soil organic matter and associated biological properties

Soil is a very important factor of the plant growth and crop yield. But now a days, very small area of the soil can actually be fertile for agriculture, and if we manage improperly it can be depleted. So the big problem, how we manage and increase the fertility of soil. It has been reported that soil organic carbon and soil matter is the most important indicator of soil quality and soil health. It is also beneficial for agricultural sustainability. In this review, we summarized how crop residue management affects soil organic carbon (SOC), soil organic matter (SOM), soil aggregation, effect of residue burning and crop productivity in different cropping system. Proper use of crop residue can increase or maintain the physical and chemical properties of SOM and improve the quality of soil. Manure or crop residue alone may not be adequate to maintain SOC levels. Knowledge and assessment of changes (positive or negative) in SOC and SOM with time is still needed to evaluate the impact of different management practices.

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Crop Residue Management for Sustenance of Natural Resources and Agriculture Productivity

Agricultural Reviews ◽

10.18805/ag.r-1814 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 40 (03) ◽

Author(s):

Maninder Singh ◽

Anita Jaswal ◽

Arshdeep Singh

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Environmental Impacts ◽

Crop Production ◽

Crop Residue ◽

Crop Residues ◽

Crop Yields ◽

Soil Surface ◽

Residue Management ◽

Soil Productivity ◽

Crop Residue Management

Crop residue management (CRM) through conservation agriculture can improve soil productivity and crop production by preserving soil organic matter (SOM) levels. Two major benefits of surface-residue management are improved organic matter (OM) near the soil surface and boosted nutrient cycling and preservation. Larger microbial biomass and activity near the soil surface act as a pool for nutrients desirable in crop production and enhance structural stability for increased infiltration. In addition to the altered nutrient distribution within the soil profile, changes also occur in the chemical and physical properties of the soil. Improved soil C sequestration through enhanced CRM is a cost-effective option for reducing agriculture's impact on the environment. Ideally, CRM practices should be selected to optimize crop yields with negligible adverse effects on the environment. Crop residues of common agricultural crops are chief resources, not only as sources of nutrients for subsequent crops but also for amended soil, water and air quality. Maintaining and managing crop residues in agriculture can be economically beneficial to many producers and more importantly to society. Improved residue management and reduced tillage practices should be encouraged because of their beneficial role in reducing soil degradation and increasing soil productivity. Thus, farmers have a responsibility in making management decisions that will enable them to optimize crop yields and minimize environmental impacts. Multi-disciplinary and integrated efforts by a wide variety of scientists are required to design the best site-specific systems for CRM practices to enhance agricultural productivity and sustainability while minimizing environmental impacts.

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Crop residue management effects on organic matter in paddy soils — The lignin component

Geoderma ◽

10.1016/j.geoderma.2008.05.004 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 146 (1-2) ◽

pp. 48-57 ◽

Cited By ~ 38

Author(s):

Andreas Bierke ◽

Klaus Kaiser ◽

Georg Guggenberger

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Crop Residue ◽

Paddy Soils ◽

Residue Management ◽

Crop Residue Management ◽

Management Effects

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Implications of crop residue management and conservation tillage on soil organic matter

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps96-112 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 76 (4) ◽

pp. 627-634 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

J. F. Dormaar ◽

J. M. Carefoot

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Soil Organic Matter ◽

Bulk Density ◽

Crop Residue ◽

Organic Matter Content ◽

Water Infiltration ◽

Residue Management ◽

Below Ground ◽

The Impact

Under natural grassland or native prairie, aboveground residue or surface litter modifies the microenvironment. It promotes water infiltration and, by insulating the soil surface, moderates soil temperatures and limits evaporation. Root mass decomposes and transforms within the conditions created by surface litter. Together with root exudates, this below-ground residue or subsurface litter reacts with soil minerals to form aggregates, lower bulk density and increase water-holding capacity. Bringing such soils under cultivation leads to lower soil organic matter content, thereby increasing bulk density. The role of surface litter becomes even more important, as it affects wind and water erosion, reduces the impact of raindrops, prevents crusting, protects the soil from drying by sublimation, and captures snow. Management of crop residues depends on the role of the residue. A distinction must be made between above- and below-ground residues: their roles are distinctly different. Aboveground crop residue protects the soil and creates the conditions for below-ground residue to decompose and transform. These decomposition products, in turn, create favourable soil structure for plant growth. Research is needed on the effect of repeated harvesting of "excess" aboveground residues. Key words: Labile organic matter, resilience, resistance, surface litter, subsurface litter

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Impacts of long-term plant residue management on soil organic matter quality, Pseudomonas community structure and disease suppressiveness

Soil Biology and Biochemistry ◽

10.1016/j.soilbio.2019.05.020 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 135 ◽

pp. 396-406 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Bryony E.A. Dignam ◽

Maureen O'Callaghan ◽

Leo M. Condron ◽

Jos M. Raaijmakers ◽

George A. Kowalchuk ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Community Structure ◽

Soil Organic Matter ◽

Residue Management ◽

Plant Residue ◽

Organic Matter Quality ◽

Soil Organic Matter Quality

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Impact of crop residue management on crop production and soil chemistry after seven years of crop rotation in temperate climate, loamy soils

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.4836 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 ◽

pp. e4836 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Marie-Pierre Hiel ◽

Sophie Barbieux ◽

Jérôme Pierreux ◽

Claire Olivier ◽

Guillaume Lobet ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Organic Carbon ◽

Crop Production ◽

Crop Residue ◽

Crop Residues ◽

Conventional Tillage ◽

Residue Management ◽

Temperate Climate ◽

Reduced Tillage ◽

Crop Residue Management ◽

The Impact

Society is increasingly demanding a more sustainable management of agro-ecosystems in a context of climate change and an ever growing global population. The fate of crop residues is one of the important management aspects under debate, since it represents an unneglectable quantity of organic matter which can be kept in or removed from the agro-ecosystem. The topic of residue management is not new, but the need for global conclusion on the impact of crop residue management on the agro-ecosystem linked to local pedo-climatic conditions has become apparent with an increasing amount of studies showing a diversity of conclusions. This study specifically focusses on temperate climate and loamy soil using a seven-year data set. Between 2008 and 2016, we compared four contrasting residue management strategies differing in the amount of crop residues returned to the soil (incorporation vs. exportation of residues) and in the type of tillage (reduced tillage (10 cm depth) vs. conventional tillage (ploughing at 25 cm depth)) in a field experiment. We assessed the impact of the crop residue management on crop production (three crops—winter wheat, faba bean and maize—cultivated over six cropping seasons), soil organic carbon content, nitrate (${\mathrm{NO}}_{3}^{-}$), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) soil content and uptake by the crops. The main differences came primarily from the tillage practice and less from the restitution or removal of residues. All years and crops combined, conventional tillage resulted in a yield advantage of 3.4% as compared to reduced tillage, which can be partly explained by a lower germination rate observed under reduced tillage, especially during drier years. On average, only small differences were observed for total organic carbon (TOC) content of the soil, but reduced tillage resulted in a very clear stratification of TOC and also of P and K content as compared to conventional tillage. We observed no effect of residue management on the ${\mathrm{NO}}_{3}^{-}$ content, since the effect of fertilization dominated the effect of residue management. To confirm the results and enhance early tendencies, we believe that the experiment should be followed up in the future to observe whether more consistent changes in the whole agro-ecosystem functioning are present on the long term when managing residues with contrasted strategies.

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