scholarly journals Spent sulfuric acid plant catalyst: valuable resource of vanadium or risky residue? Process comparison for environmental implications

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bartosz Mikoda ◽  
Anna Potysz ◽  
Agnieszka Gruszecka-Kosowska ◽  
Ewa Kmiecik ◽  
Anna Tomczyk
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Acid Leaching ◽  
Single Step ◽  
Metal Mobility ◽  
Metal Extraction ◽  
Production Plant ◽  
Acidithiobacillus Thiooxidans ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Environmental Implications ◽  
Sulfuric Acid Production

Abstract The enormous amount of spent catalysts generated worldwide may pose a risk to the environment because of their high load of metals, including vanadium. The latter may be mobilized and released to the environment if managed improperly. Moreover, the catalysts could be considered as secondary resources rather than waste. This study aimed at the efficient extraction of vanadium from spent desulfurization catalyst (SDC) from a sulfuric acid production plant. The raw SDC and the post-extraction residues were characterized in terms of their chemical and phase composition. The metal mobility from the materials was examined with both single-step and multi-step extractions. The environmental risk assessment was performed using sequential extraction. The study revealed that both tested methods (citric acid leaching and bioleaching with Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans) enable the extraction of nearly 96% of V from SDC with a simultaneous reduction of metal mobility. However, the bacterial treatment was found more suitable. The leached residue was mostly (> 90%) composed of SiO2, which makes it a potential candidate for application in construction (e.g., concrete mixtures) after additional examinations. The study highlights the need to develop a metal extraction process for SDC in a way that metal-free residue could be a final product.

Sulfuric Acid Leaching on Low Grade Oxide Ore

2013 ◽  
Vol 826 ◽  
pp. 122-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Lin Yang ◽  
Hong Mei Zhang ◽  
Gui Fang Wang ◽  
Shao Jian Ma ◽  
Min Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Sulfuric Acid Concentration ◽  
Acid Leaching ◽  
Strong Acid ◽  
Metal Extraction ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Leaching Rate ◽  
Sulfuric Acid Leaching ◽  
Solid Ratio ◽  
Iron Leaching

In this paper, sulfuric acid leaching was carried out to assess the effect of several parameters on metal extraction in a low grade complex gossan ore in which the grade of zinc and iron is 13% and 40.2%, respectively. Parameters, such as sulfuric acid concentration, liquid to solid ratio and leaching temperature, were studied. The results show that the zinc leaching rate is almost 80%, while the iron leaching rate is about 45% used strong acid with 200g/L. It can be seen from the results that sulfuric acid leaching could not effectively recover zinc from gossan ores studied in this paper because of iron dissolving greatly.

scholarly journals Prospective (Bio)leaching of Historical Copper Slags as an Alternative to Their Disposal

Minerals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 542 ◽  
Author(s):  
Potysz ◽  
Kierczak
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Copper Slag ◽  
Metal Extraction ◽  
Acidithiobacillus Thiooxidans ◽  
Complete Dissolution ◽  
High Susceptibility ◽  
Efficient Treatment ◽  
Suitable Candidate ◽  
Chemical Agents ◽  
Abiotic Control

The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of (bio)hydrometallurgical methods for metal extraction from historical copper slags. Two types of slags (amorphous slag—AS, and crystalline slag—CS) were subjected to 24 to 48 h of leaching with: (i) Sulfuric acid at 0.1, 0.5, and 1 M concentrations at 1%, 5%, and 10% pulp densities (PDs); and (ii) normality equivalent (2 N) acids (sulfuric, hydrochloric, nitric, citric, and oxalic) at pulp densities ranging from 1% to 2%. Bioleaching experiments were performed within 21 days with Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans accompanied by an abiotic control (sterile growth medium). The results demonstrated that the most efficient treatment for amorphous and crystalline slag was bioleaching at 1% PD over 21 days, which led to extraction of Cu at rates of 98.7% and 52.1% for AS and CS, respectively. Among the chemical agents, hydrochloric acid was the most efficient and enabled 30.5% of Cu to be extracted from CS (1% PD, 48 h) and 98.8% of Cu to be extracted from AS (1% PD, 24 h). Slag residues after leaching were characterized by strong alteration features demonstrated by the complete dissolution of fayalite in the case of CS and the transformation of AS to amorphous silica and secondary gypsum. Based on this study, we conclude that amorphous slag is a more suitable candidate for potential metal recovery because of its generally high susceptibility to leaching and due to the generation of residue significantly depleted in metals as the end product. The inventory of economically relevant metals showed that 1 ton of historical copper slag contains metals valued at $47 and $135 for crystalline and amorphous slag, respectively, suggesting that secondary processing of such materials can potentially be both economically and environmentally viable.

Geobiotechnical Recovery of Metals from Manganese Nodules: First Experiments

2015 ◽  
Vol 1130 ◽  
pp. 201-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Heller ◽  
Axel Schippers
Keyword(s):  
Size Fraction ◽  
Acid Leaching ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Sulfur Oxidation ◽  
Chemical Kinetic ◽  
Acidithiobacillus Thiooxidans ◽  
Manganese Nodules ◽  
Biological Reduction ◽  
Sulfuric Acid Production ◽  
The Pacific

Marine polymetallic nodules represent an important resource of the metals Ni, Co, Cu, Mn, Zn, Li, Mo, V and Zr. Nodules consist mainly of Mn-Fe oxy-hydroxide precipitations with valuable metals mostly present within the structure of these host minerals. To recover the favoured metals via hydrometallurgy it is necessary to dissolve the Mn-Fe oxy-hydroxides. To test nodules processing via bioleaching, nodules were sampled during a ship cruise to the German license area located in the Pacific Ocean in 2013. They were ground in a mortar, washed to remove seawater chloride, and afterwards sieved to obtain the particle size fraction of 63 to 315 µm. Bioleaching experiments were conducted under aerobic conditions in shake flasks at 2 % pulp density at 30°C in a basal medium. A mixed culture of acidophilic chemolithotrophic iron- and sulfur-oxidizing bacteria (Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans, At. ferrooxidans, Leptospirillum ferrooxidans, L. ferriphilum) and Acidiphilum cryptum was inoculated. Elemental sulfur was used as substrate for acid leaching via sulfuric acid production. At pH values between 1.5 and 2.2 during the experiment, 40 % Ni, 25 % Cu, 1.2 % Mn, 0.3 % Co, 1 % Fe, 70 % Zn and 70 % Zr were leached from the Mn-nodules after 56 days. In preparation for future reductive bioleaching under anaerobic conditions, chemical kinetic reaction experiments were conducted. Different amounts of Fe(II) were added to a certain amount of the Mn nodules. These experiments showed that Fe(II) chemically reduced Mn(IV) to Mn(II) at a stoichiometry of 2 to 1. This reaction is prerequisite for anaerobic leaching based on biological reduction of Fe(III) to Fe(II) coupled to sulfur oxidation (Ferredox process). Up to 82 % Ni, 98 % Co, 68 % Cu, and 97 % Mn were leached in these chemical experiments indicating that anaerobic reductive bioleaching of manganese nodules should be possible.

scholarly journals Biological treatment of coal combustion wastes by Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans DSM 26636

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 54-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norma G. Rojas-Avelizapa ◽  
Itzayana V. Hipólito-Júarez ◽  
Marlenne Gómez-Ramírez
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Coal Combustion ◽  
Metal Content ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Metal Leaching ◽  
Acidithiobacillus Thiooxidans ◽  
Fly Ashes ◽  
Sulfuric Acid Production ◽  
Carbon Combustion ◽  
Sulfur Oxidizing

The high levels of toxicity generated by the heavy metal content in industrial wastes has generated environmental and health concerns. One of the strategies to reduce the metallic load is the use of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria, due to its ability to produce sulfuric acid involved in the metal leaching. The aim of this research was to evaluate the growth of Acidithioobacillus thiooxidans DSM 26636 and its ability to leach metals from slags and ashes from coal combustion wastes. Microbial growth was monitoring by sulfate and sulfuric acid production. The metal content in slags and fly ashes was determined by ICPOES. The experiments were carried out during 21 days at 30°C, 150 rpm in 125 mL Erlenmeyer flasks containing 30 mL of Starkey media added with 1% (w/v) of elemental sulfur and 1% (w/v) of slags or ashes. Results showed that Acidithioobacillus thiooxidans was able to leach V, Fe, Mg, Al, Si and Ni from slags. For fly ashes, metal leaching was Al, Ni, Sn, Mg, Zn and Si. Summarizing, Acidithioobacillus thiooxidans could be used for the leaching of different metals contained in wastes from carbon combustion plant.

scholarly journals KINETIC REGULARITIES OF NICKEL SULFURIC ACID LEACHING PROCESSES

2021 ◽  
pp. 73-78
Author(s):  
Анна Игоревна Пичугина ◽  
Дарья Дмитриевна Гончар
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Acid Leaching ◽  
Rotation Frequency ◽  
Metal Extraction ◽  
Sulfuric Acid Leaching ◽  
Disk Rotation ◽  
Natural Minerals ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
Polynomial Models ◽  
Kinetics Of

В работе представлены результаты исследования кинетики сернокислого выщелачивания никеля из его сульфидов. В качестве модельных образцов выбраны синтезированные сульфиды никеля по составу и строению идентичные природным минералам: миллериту и хизлевудиту. Получены зависимости влияния скорости извлечения металла от концентрации серной кислоты, температуры, частоты вращения диска и продолжительности взаимодействия. Рассчитаны полиномиальные модели изучаемого процесса, преобразованные в уравнения скорости. Вычислены константы скорости и эмпирические значения энергии активации. The paper presents the results of a study of the kinetics of sulfuric acid leaching of nickel from its sulfides. Synthesized nickel sulfides were selected as model samples, identical in composition and structure to natural minerals: millerite and heazlewudite. The dependences of the influence of the metal extraction rate on the concentration of sulfuric acid, temperature, disk rotation frequency and duration of interaction are obtained. The polynomial models of the process under study, transformed into velocity equations, are calculated. The rate constants and empirical values of the activation energy are calculated.

scholarly journals Vanadium removal from spent sulfuric acid plant catalyst using citric acid and Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bartosz Mikoda ◽  
Anna Potysz ◽  
Harry Kucha ◽  
Ewa Kmiecik
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Citric Acid ◽  
Acid Leaching ◽  
Copper Smelter ◽  
Pulp Density ◽  
Acidithiobacillus Thiooxidans ◽  
Acid Plant ◽  
Spent Catalyst ◽  
Sulfuric Acid Plant

Abstract Spent catalysts being considered hazardous wastes exhibit a high metal content in mobile forms. In addition, growing demand for circular economy policy applications requires proper utilization of these wastes. This study aimed at the assessment of vanadium leaching from spent desulfurization catalyst derived from sulfuric acid plant dump located nearby a copper smelter. Chemical and phase composition of the catalyst has been characterized. The extraction has been performed using chemical (0.1-M and 1-M citric acid) and biological (biotic solution with Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans) methods, using different experimental parameters (pulp density, particle size, leaching time) to observe V leaching behavior and kinetics. The results revealed that both citric acid and bacteria carried out the extraction process well. The optimal parameters for acid leaching were < 0.2-mm particle size and 2% pulp density, which allowed to leach out 95% of V from spent catalyst within 48 h. The bacterially mediated extraction resulted in 93% V leached out within 21 days with 2% pulp density. The experiments showed that V present in the catalyst is susceptible to bioleaching and organic acid leaching with the latter being a quicker process.

scholarly journals Study on Ultrasonically-Enhanced Sulfuric Acid Leaching of Nickel from Nickel-Containing Residue

Crystals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 810
Author(s):  
Zhanyong Guo ◽  
Ping Guo ◽  
Guang Su ◽  
Fachuang Li
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Acid Leaching ◽  
Ultrasonic Waves ◽  
Sulfuric Acid Leaching ◽  
Solid Product ◽  
Leaching Process ◽  
Diffusion Controlled ◽  
Extraction Degree ◽  
Ultrasonic Conditions ◽  
Complex Nickel

In this paper, nickel-containing residue, a typical solid waste produced in the battery production process, was used to study the cavitation characteristics of ultrasonic waves in a liquid–solid reaction. The ultrasonically-enhanced leaching technology for multicomponent and complex nickel-containing residue was studied through systematic ultrasonic-conventional comparative experiments. An ultrasonic leaching kinetics model was established which provided reliable technological guidance and basic theory for the comprehensive utilization of nickel-containing residue. In the study, it was found that ultrasonically-enhanced leaching for 40 min obtained the same result as conventional leaching for 80 min, and the Ni extraction degree reached more than 95%. According to the kinetic fitting of the leaching process, it was found that the sulfuric acid leaching process belonged to the diffusion-controlled model of solid product layers under conventional and ultrasonic conditions, and the activation energy of the reaction was Ea1 = 17.74 kJ/mol and Ea2 = 5.04 kJ/mol, respectively.

Leaching kinetics of copper and valuable metal extraction from copper-cadmium residues of zinc hydrometallurgy by oxidation acid leaching

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jihao Guo ◽  
Hongao Xu ◽  
Bo Li ◽  
Yonggang Wei ◽  
Hua Wang
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Acid Concentration ◽  
Acid Leaching ◽  
Metal Extraction ◽  
Agitation Rate ◽  
Leaching Kinetics ◽  
Solid Ratio ◽  
Zinc Hydrometallurgy ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Leaching Efficiency

Abstract Multiple purification of zinc sulfate solution is an important process for zinc hydrometallurgy, and large quantities of copper-cadmium residues are generated as byproducts in this process. Copper-cadmium residues contain a large number of valuable metals that must be recovered. A comprehensive extraction process has been proposed using sulfuric acid as the leaching reagent and hydrogen peroxide as the oxidizing reagent. The effects of acid concentration, leaching temperature, leaching time, liquid-to-solid ratio, hydrogen peroxide dosage and stirring speed on the leaching efficiency were investigated. The optimum conditions were determined as an acid concentration of 150 g/L, liquid-to-solid ratio of 4:1, hydrogen peroxide amount of 20 mL, time of 60 min, temperature of 30 °C, particle size of −d75 μm, and agitation rate of 300 r/min. It was concluded that the leaching efficiency of copper and cadmium reached 97%, but because of the existence of zinc sulfide in the residues, a lower leaching efficiency of zinc was obtained. Furthermore, the leaching kinetics of copper was also studied based on the shrinking core model. The activation energy for copper leaching was 5.06 kJ/mol, and the leaching process was controlled by the diffusion through the product layer.

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