Workplace violence among healthcare workers during COVID-19 pandemic in a Jordanian governmental hospital: the tip of the iceberg

Coping Response to Workplace Violence Among Healthcare Workers in the Emergency Department: A Qualitative Study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-124939/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Noor Hafizah Abdul Salim ◽

Mohd Hisham Isa ◽

Keng Sheng Chew ◽

Mohd Zairul Mohd Noor ◽

Azlan Helmy Abd Samat

Keyword(s):

Emergency Department ◽

Workplace Violence ◽

Healthcare Workers ◽

Work Place ◽

Coping Response ◽

Local Data ◽

Local Setting ◽

Depth Interview ◽

Incident Reports ◽

Constructive Confrontation

Abstract Background Workplace violence faced in the Emergency Department is well documented. However, there is minimal local data found in the literature. An exploration regarding workplace violence in a local setting is undertaken. This study examined the coping response to the occurrence of workplace violence encountered by an Emergency and Trauma Department healthcare workers. Method The study was done in one of the Emergency and Trauma Department of a tertiary government hospital in Malaysia. A period of a month was taken for data collection. Inclusion criteria includes healthcare workers who had exposure to work- place violence and agreeable to participate in the study. Incident reports were examined and semi-structured in-depth interview of various level of healthcare staff were conducted. Results Three final themes were identified in the way healthcare workers response to workplace violence; First, coping in pre-crisis phase to prevent a violent incident from occurring -mental and behavioural preparedness; Two, coping during crisis to prevent escalation of violence- self-restraint, constructive confrontation, seeking instrumental support; Three, coping after crisis to adapt emotionally and improve knowledge in managing workplace violence-seeking emotional support, disengagement, adaptation. Conclusions The method of coping response employed by participants corresponded to the level of violence exhibited by perpetrator. Multicentre study will help to broaden the understanding of WPV in Malaysia

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Workplace Violence Against Healthcare Professionals in Thai Tertiary Hospitals

10.21203/rs.3.rs-910003/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Sophida Kueanongkhun ◽

Siriwan Grisurapong ◽

Kitirat Techatraisak ◽

Thomas E. Guadamuz

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

Workplace Violence ◽

Healthcare Workers ◽

Qualitative Data ◽

Physical Violence ◽

Chi Square ◽

Racial Harassment ◽

Tertiary Hospitals ◽

Chi Square Test

Abstract Background: Thailand lacks evidence of the current prevalence of workplace violence (WPV) at tertiary hospitals. This study aimed to examine the prevalence of, perpetrators of, and factors associated with WPV against healthcare workers in excellent tertiary hospitals in Thailand.Methods: This was a mixed-methods study. A questionnaire was individually administered by an interviewer to 220 healthcare workers using a tablet with an online platforms, and the completion rate was 100%. The study was conducted from July 2018 to March 2019. Pearson’s chi-square test was used to examine the variables related to any violence according to individual and work data. Odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were used to assess risk factors for exposure to violence using a logistic regression model. Thirty participants provided additional qualitative data that were used for thematic analysis.Results: The findings revealed that in the past 12 months, 63.6% of the participants experienced violence at their workplaces. The most common type of violence reported was verbal violence (56.4%), followed by physical violence (24.1%), bullying (16.4%), sexual harassment (4.1%), and racial harassment (3.6%). Multivariable logistic regression revealed that the correlates of violence at hospitals included being male (OR = 4.28, 95% CI 1.50–12.19), working in an outpatient department (OR = 2.55, 95% CI 1.42–4.58), and having direct contact with clients (OR = 3.12, 95% CI 1.25–7.73). The qualitative data revealed 5 major themes.Conclusion: There is a high prevalence of violence against all healthcare workers at excellent tertiary hospitals in Thailand. Policymakers need to be aware of the roots and risk factors for all types of WPV. The results could also contribute to the development of appropriate policies, interventions for conflicts based on intergenerational gaps, reporting, investigation processes, preventive measures, and zero-tolerance protocols for all healthcare workers.

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Workplace Violence against Healthcare Workers in Health Services Organizations

10.35455/brk12345678910 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Bernice Kennedy ◽

◽

Chrishonda Kennedy-Baker

Keyword(s):

Health Services ◽

Workplace Violence ◽

Healthcare Workers ◽

The United States ◽

Occupational Hazards ◽

Safe Environment ◽

Work Settings ◽

Healthcare Environment ◽

Healthcare Settings ◽

Healthcare Administrators

The healthcare environment is one of the most complex and dangerous occupational hazards for healthcare workers, especially nurses. The complexity of a culture of patient-related violence and the nature of their jobs place healthcare workers at risk for violence on the job. Workplace violence is a profoundly serious issue and continues to be a growing problem in the United States. This paper is a brief literature review of workplace violence against healthcare workers in health services organizations. These sections will be discussed (a) common workplaces where violence occurs; (b)types of workplace violence; (c)workplace violence against healthcare workers in health services organizations displayed in a conceptual model; (d) mental health and physiological problems of workplace violence on healthcare workers; (e) cost of workplace violence in health services organizations; and (e) strategies for prevention. Healthcare administrators are obligated to provide a safe environment for patients and staff. However, numerous guidelines have been developed, workplace violence continues to be at an increased rate. Continuous research studies are needed to improve the safety of healthcare workers in their diverse work settings. Also, more research is needed in healthcare settings with limited research.

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Examination of Quality of Life in Workplace Environments

10.4018/978-1-6684-2405-6.ch058 ◽

2022 ◽

pp. 1161-1174

Author(s):

Lesley Clack

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Occupational Stress ◽

Workplace Violence ◽

Healthcare Workers ◽

Healthcare Professionals ◽

Positive Impact ◽

High Stress ◽

Healthcare Organizations ◽

Increased Risk

Healthcare organizations are commonly known to be high-stress environments due to the life-or-death nature of the work. Thus, examining the quality of life in healthcare professionals is of significance to the field. Quality of life is a common measurement in healthcare, typically in determining the effectiveness of treatment on patients. But, quality of life in healthcare workers is often overlooked. A review of the literature was conducted regarding factors that impact quality of life of workers in healthcare environments. The areas of occupational stress, burnout, and workplace violence were explored in depth in order to understand the potential negative consequences of each on quality of life in healthcare professionals. In comparison to other industries, healthcare professionals are at an increased risk for occupational stress, burnout, and workplace violence. Effectively managing these areas could have a positive impact on quality of life in healthcare workers.

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The incidence and management of workplace violence among medical professionals in the United States: A methodological pilot study

Journal of Hospital Administration ◽

10.5430/jha.v8n1p56 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 56

Author(s):

Ashleigh Chinelo Oguagha ◽

Jing Chen

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Workplace Violence ◽

Healthcare Workers ◽

Online Survey ◽

Health Sector ◽

Medical Personnel ◽

The United States ◽

Medical Professionals ◽

Psychological Violence ◽

Physical And Psychological Violence

This study aimed to investigate workplace violence (WPV) experienced by medical professionals in the United States as well as individual and managerial actions following violent episodes and further, predict estimators of WPV. A modified version of the Workplace Violence in the Health Sector: Country Case Studies Research Instruments Survey Questionnaire was used to assess the incidence and management of workplace violence experienced by healthcare workers. Medical personnel from two social aggregation websites were recruited to participate in an online survey. 226 valid questionnaires were received. 48.5\% and 76.1\% of respondents, respectively, experienced physical and psychological violence in the past year. Risk factors for violence included occupation, patient population, ethnicity, and higher levels of anxiety regarding violence in hospitals. Overall, 17.7\% of reported incidents were investigated, 52.4\% of cases saw no consequences meted out to perpetrators and 51.7\% of victims suffered from negative emotions or aftereffects following a violent episode. Only 30.1\% of victims formally reported their experience with violence. The prevalence of violence was high and medical professionals were negatively affected by violence; however, formal reporting of episodes was low and measures combating violence were inadequate. Harsher penalties for perpetrators of violence are needed and hospitals need to implement guidelines that track the management of violence.

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Gender differences in reporting workplace violence: a qualitative analysis of administrative records of violent episodes experienced by healthcare workers in a large public Italian hospital

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2019-031546 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (11) ◽

pp. e031546 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Daniela Acquadro Maran ◽

Claudio Giovanni Cortese ◽

Pierluigi Pavanelli ◽

Giulio Fornero ◽

Maria Michela Gianino

Keyword(s):

Gender Differences ◽

Qualitative Analysis ◽

Workplace Violence ◽

Work Experience ◽

Healthcare Workers ◽

Physical Violence ◽

Point Of View ◽

Medical Doctors ◽

Administrative Records ◽

Italian Hospital

ObjectivesThis study aims to analyse, from a descriptive and qualitative point of view, the episodes of violence reported by healthcare workers (HCWs) in a large public Italian hospital. Qualitative analysis permits us to collect the victims’ words used to describe the event and the ways in which they dealt with it. A comparison between genders was performed to better understand what type of different strategies could be used to improve the prevention of workplace violence for HCWs.Design and settingThe retrospective observational study was carried out in ‘Città della Salute e della Scienza’, a complex of four interconnected hospitals situated in Northern Italy. This study analysed aggression data from the 4-year period of 2015–2018 that included all HCW categories. The data were obtained from the aggression reporting form.ParticipantsThe analysed records were supplied by 396 HCWs (3.6% of all HCWs in the hospital).ResultsMale HCWs aged <30 years did not report violent episodes that occurred in the workplace, while male HCWs with 6–15 years of work experience reported more violent episodes than their female counterparts. Among the HCW professions, nursing was the profession, in which HCWs were more prone to experience a violent episode, while male medical doctors were more prone to report violent episodes than female medical doctors. Moreover, female HCWs experienced more verbal violence (insults) than male HCWs did, while male HCWs experienced more physical violence (bodily contact) than female HCWs did.ConclusionsThe findings from this explorative study suggest that there is a gender difference in the characteristics of workplace violence perpetrated by patients, patients’ relatives and visitors and in the way in which these episodes are described. Consequently, it is important for informative and preventive courses to consider gender differences in experiencing a violent episode.

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Prevalence of type II workplace violence among home healthcare workers: A meta‐analysis

American Journal of Industrial Medicine ◽

10.1002/ajim.23095 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 63 (5) ◽

pp. 442-455

Author(s):

Ha Do Byon ◽

Mijung Lee ◽

Min Choi ◽

Knar Sagherian ◽

Mary Crandall ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Workplace Violence ◽

Healthcare Workers ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Home Healthcare ◽

Type Ii

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Effects of effort-reward imbalance, job satisfaction, and work engagement on self-rated health among healthcare workers

10.21203/rs.3.rs-22063/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Danping Liu ◽

Jingjing Ge ◽

Jing He ◽

Yan Liu ◽

Juying Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Job Satisfaction ◽

Work Engagement ◽

Workplace Violence ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Healthcare Workers ◽

Significant Negative Correlation ◽

Perfect State ◽

Self Rated Health ◽

Effort Reward Imbalance ◽

Reward Imbalance

Abstract Background: Healthcare workers, whose job is to protect and improve the health of populations, are critical to the success of health systems and to achieving national and global health goals. To respond effectively to the health needs of populations, healthcare workers themselves must be in a perfect state of health. However, healthcare workers face various psychosocial pressures, including night shifts, long working hours, demands of patient care, medical disputes, workplace violence, and emotional distress due to poor interactions with patients and colleagues and poor promotion prospects. Constant exposure to these psychosocial hazards adversely impacts healthcare workers’ health. This study aimed to examine the influence of effort-reward imbalance, job satisfaction, and work engagement on self-rated health among healthcare workers, which is conducive to providing policy guidance from several aspects as possible as to improve healthcare workers’ health. Methods : The Chinese Sixth National Health and Services Survey in Sichuan Province was conducted from August 2018 to October 2018, and we analysed 1327 valid responses. We used structural equation modelling (SEM) to test the hypothesized relationship among the variables. Results: Only 40.1% of healthcare workers rated their health as ‘relatively good’ or ‘good’. Effort-reward imbalance had a significant negative correlation with self-rated health (β=-0.053, 95%CI: (-0.163) -(-0.001)). The relationships of effort-reward imbalance and work engagement with self-rated health were both mediated by job satisfaction (95%CI: (-0.150) -(-0.050), (0.011) -(0.022)). Work engagement mediated the relationship between effort-reward imbalance and self-rated health (95%CI: (-0.064) -(-0.008)). Conclusion: In order to improve the health of healthcare workers, administrators should balance effort and reward and provide opportunities for career development and training for healthcare workers. In addition, health managers should help healthcare workers realize the significance and value of work and help keep them actively devoted to their work through incentive mechanisms.

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Effects of effort-reward imbalance, job satisfaction, and work engagement on self-rated health among healthcare workers

10.21203/rs.3.rs-48112/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Jingjing Ge ◽

Jing He ◽

Yan Liu ◽

Juying Zhang ◽

Jingping Pan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Job Satisfaction ◽

Work Engagement ◽

Workplace Violence ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Healthcare Workers ◽

Perfect State ◽

Self Rated Health ◽

Healthcare Needs ◽

Effort Reward Imbalance ◽

Reward Imbalance

Abstract Background Healthcare workers, who protect and improve the health of individuals, are critical to the success of health systems and achieving national and global health goals. To respond effectively to the healthcare needs of populations, healthcare workers themselves must be in a perfect state of health. However, healthcare workers face various psychosocial pressures, including having to work night shifts, long working hours, demands of patient care, medical disputes, workplace violence, and emotional distress due to poor interactions with patients and colleagues, and poor promotion prospects. Constant exposure to these psychosocial hazards adversely impacts healthcare workers’ health. Consequently, this study aimed to examine the influence of effort-reward imbalance, job satisfaction, and work engagement on self-rated health of healthcare workers. The results would be conducive to providing policy guidance to improve the health of healthcare workers. Methods We analysed the data of 1327 participants from The Chinese Sixth National Health and Services Survey in Sichuan Province that was conducted from August 2018 to October 2018. Structural equation modelling was used to test the hypothesized relationships among the variables. Results Only 40.1% of healthcare workers rated their health as ‘relatively good’ or ‘good’. Effort-reward imbalance had a significant negative correlation with self-rated health (β = -0.053, 95% CI [-0.163, -0.001]). The associations of effort-reward imbalance and work engagement with self-rated health were both mediated by job satisfaction (95% CI [-0.150, -0.050] and [0.011, 0.022]), and work engagement mediated the relationship between effort-reward imbalance and self-rated health (95% CI [-0.064, -0.008]). Conclusion In order to improve the health of healthcare workers, administrators should balance effort and reward and provide opportunities for career development and training. In addition, health managers should help healthcare workers realize the significance and value of their work and keep them actively devoted to their work through incentive mechanisms.

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