scholarly journals Cemetery waste as a substream of municipal waste: research and structure of the selective waste collection in Poland

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Janda ◽  
Tadeusz Marcinkowski
Keyword(s):  
Human Factor ◽  
Further Education ◽  
Municipal Waste ◽  
Average Level ◽  
Waste Collection ◽  
Good Practices ◽  
Biodegradable Waste ◽  
Selective Collection

AbstractCemetery waste (CW) constitutes one of the streams of municipal waste (MW). Based on the available data, it can be said that it accounts for about 1% of the mass of MW being generated in Poland. CW management should be carried out selectively. It is estimated that the level of CW selective collection is lower than the average level achieved for MW. This paper presents some solutions concerning the selective collection of CW implemented in selected municipal and denominational cemeteries in Poland. Based on research conducted, the levels of proper separation of glass and biodegradable waste in containers for their selective collection were determined, accordingly as >85% and >80%. Due to the contamination with paraffin residues, the purity of the selectively collected plastic fraction was lower than 20%. The human factor was recognized as the most significant determining efficiency of the selective collection of CW. Therefore, further education of society, as well as promoting good practices in the field of CW management, should be regarded as desirable.

scholarly journals Greenhouse Gas Emission Reduction Due to Improvement of Biodegradable Waste Management System

2014 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 26-40
Author(s):  
R. Bendere ◽  
I. Teibe ◽  
D. Arina ◽  
J. Lapsa
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Waste Disposal ◽  
Municipal Waste ◽  
Planning System ◽  
Waste Collection ◽  
Final Disposal ◽  
Biodegradable Waste

Abstract To reduce emissions of greenhouse gas (GHG) from landfills, the European Union (EU) Landfill Directive 1999/31/EC requires that there be a progressive decrease in the municipal biodegradable waste disposal. The main problem of waste management (WM) in Latvia is its heavy dependence on the waste disposal at landfills. The poorly developed system for the sorted municipal waste collection and the promotion of landfilling as a major treatment option led to the disposal of 84% of the total collected municipal waste in 2012, with a high biodegradable fraction. In Latvia, the volume of emissions due to activities of the WM branch was 5.23% (632.6 CO2 eq.) of the total GHG emissions produced in the National economy in 2010 (12 097 Gg CO2 eq., except the land use, land-use change and forestry). Having revised the current situation in the management of biodegradable waste in Latvia, the authors propose improvements in this area. In the work, analysis of environmental impact was carried out using Waste Management Planning System (WAMPS) software in the WM modelling scenarios. The software computes the emissions, energy and turnover of waste streams for the processes within the WM system such as waste collection and transportation, composting, anaerobic digestion, and the final disposal (landfilling or incineration). The results of WAMPS modelling are presented in four categories associated with the environmental impact: acidification, global warming, eutrophication and photo-oxidant formation, each characterised by a particular emission. These categories cover an integrated WM system, starting with the point when products turn to waste which is then thrown into the bin for waste at its generation source, and ending with the point where the waste transforms either into useful material (recycled material, biogas or compost) or contributes to emissions into environment after the final disposal at a landfill or an incineration plant

scholarly journals Selective Collection of Municipal Waste in a Residential District with Multi-Family Buildings—Case Study from Poland

Resources ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
Jolanta Latosińska ◽  
Dorota Miłek ◽  
Angelika Komór ◽  
Robert Kowalik
Keyword(s):  
Closed Loop ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Municipal Waste ◽  
Operating Costs ◽  
Waste Collection ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
Residential District ◽  
Selective Collection

Social and economic changes make it necessary to put in a great deal of conscious effort to shift towards a closed-loop economy, where waste provides a source of raw materials. The low level of selective collection of municipal waste poses a challenge in many countries, including Poland. One of the major causes of the problems in Poland lies in the fact that waste collection points (WCPs) do not have adequate waste containers. The paper aims to put forward a proposal to improve the operation of WCPs. Seeking for new solutions, it is necessary to account for the conditions under which the bodies responsible for waste management take their decisions. They have to comply with the legislation in force, and at the same time, choose the options that generate the lowest costs. The study concerned a typical residential district with housing in multi-family buildings. For two fill rate variants and four emptying schedules, the number of above-ground containers was calculated. Two variants: for above-ground containers (variant I) and for semi-underground containers (variant II), were compared in terms of operating costs and investment outlays. The proposed increase in the number of above-ground containers, and additionally providing semi-underground containers, will contribute to increased engagement of the local community in the selective collection of waste.

scholarly journals Cemetery waste management in Poland. A case study for Wrocław city

2019 ◽  
Vol 100 ◽  
pp. 00028
Author(s):  
Anna Janda ◽  
Tadeusz Marcinkowski
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Municipal Waste ◽  
Waste Collection ◽  
Biodegradable Waste ◽  
Degree Of Separation ◽  
Annual Amount ◽  
High Share ◽  
Very High

The annual amount of cemetery waste in Wrocław does not exceed 1% of generated municipal waste. The largest amount of cemetery waste is generated in autumn months. For the Osobowicki cemetery, the total volume of containers for selective waste collection has doubled since 2013 and now constitutes 49% of the total volume of containers. Research of the content of selected waste containers revealed the segregation of glass, plastics and biodegradable waste in the range from 81% to 92%. For the St. Lawrence cemetery the volume of containers for selective waste collection constitutes only 6% of the total volume of containers there. Despite these difficulties, the degree of separation of glass and plastics is very high (from 89% to 94%). Increase of the volume of containers for biodegradable waste would reduce the high share of green fraction (from 22% to 38%) in non-biodegradable waste containers.

scholarly journals Development of the level of sorting of municipal waste in the selected locality

2021 ◽  
Vol 1209 (1) ◽  
pp. 012024
Author(s):  
G Rózsa ◽  
R Wittmanová ◽  
J Hrudka ◽  
I Škultétyová
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Municipal Waste ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Waste Collection ◽  
Collection System ◽  
Biodegradable Waste ◽  
The World ◽  
Urbanized Areas

Abstract Waste management is one of the essential areas that everyone in the world should carry about. Waste collection and treatment help to reduce the risk of the spread of various diseases. Municipal waste is waste produced in households by the population. Municipal waste can be sorted into other components, such as plastic, paper, glass, metals, and biodegradable waste. These types of waste are in most urbanized areas collected separately. The sorting level offers accurate information about each urbanization, to what extent its population is involved in separated waste collection. The paper focuses on analyzing the waste collection system in the selected locality and will examine the local waste sorting level development during the last few years.

Management Model Improving Environmental Protection

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 384-407
Author(s):  
Paweł Zając ◽  
Jarosław Poznański
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Municipal Waste ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Management Model ◽  
Cost Models ◽  
Research Model ◽  
Waste Collection ◽  
Short Introduction ◽  
The City ◽  
Selective Collection

The work concerns a detailed analysis of the possibilities of increasing environmental protection by increasing the efficiency of selective collection of municipal waste in the city of Wroclaw and the economic conditions of this activity. The study includes a short introduction and an overview of waste morphology indicators. Then, a research model for the study of the morphology of municipal waste is discussed, based on the example of Wroclaw (Poland). Finally, 3 variant cost models of measures supporting the segregation of municipal waste were described and discussed. The article ends with a numerical example for Wroclaw along with a verification of the applicable rates for municipal waste collection fees, whether sorted or not.

scholarly journals The selective treatment of municipal waste – a challenge for the architect

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Beata Komar ◽  
Beata Kucharczyk-Brus
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Waste ◽  
Housing Estate ◽  
Legal Regulations ◽  
Waste Collection ◽  
Selective Treatment ◽  
Good Practices ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Collection Selection ◽  
Housing Estates

Contemporary civilisation has an obsession for consuming more and more goods. This, combined with the packaging habbits of suppliers, results in the emergence of increasingly large amounts of waste in Poland. The collection, selection and utilisation of this waste are becoming more and more significant, expensive and logistically complicated problems. In Poland, municipal utilities enterprises are responsible for solving these problems. However, as the space occupied by the collection, storage and disposal of waste is becoming larger, architects and urban planners should also consider being involved in providing solutions. This article presents figures and legal regulations related to the subject of municipal waste management in Poland. They are correlated with the methods of selective waste collection in Polish housing estates. Scientific research that was performed in housing estates is also presented; this research was aimed at checking the quality of existing urban and architectural solutions for municipal waste collection points. The article moves on to present good practices – examples of beneficial solutions for selective waste collection in selected European countries, such as Sweden and Italy. In order to carry out preliminary analyses of how to solve the functional and aesthetic issues related to housing waste collection points as part of the didactic classes at the Faculty of Architecture, of SUT, research exercises were conducted on the subject of developing a concept for new containers in a housing estate. Based on the received work (65 drawings) elements can be noticed that students most often paid attention to. Based on the conducted research and analysis, conclusions were reached regarding the methods of aestheticisation of district selective waste collection points and fundamental problems related to their design.

Networks and vehicle routing for municipal waste collection

Networks ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. J. Beltrami ◽  
L. D. Bodin
Keyword(s):  
Vehicle Routing ◽  
Municipal Waste ◽  
Waste Collection

scholarly journals CONTRACTING-OUT OF HOUSEHOLD WASTE COLLECTION SERVICES IN JAPAN

2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (02) ◽  
pp. 443-455
Author(s):  
NORIMICHI MATSUEDA ◽  
JUN’ICHI MIKI
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Model ◽  
Inverse Relationship ◽  
Municipal Waste ◽  
Household Waste ◽  
Private Firms ◽  
Simple Analytical Model ◽  
Waste Collection ◽  
Contracting Out ◽  
Contract Price ◽  
Set Up

We first report three empirical findings from our survey on the contracting-out of municipal waste collection services in Japan: (1) the rate of contracting-out and the contract price are inversely related, (2) this inverse relationship tapers out as the contracting rate becomes sufficiently high, and the contract price even tends to go up as the contracting rate approaches 100% and (3) there is a significant disparity in the contracting rates between the eastern and western parts of Japan. In order to account for these observations, we then set up a simple analytical model and examine its implications. Also, we discuss the issues that a potential hold-up situation could give rise to when the services are completely contracted out to private firms.

scholarly journals Waste collection in rural communities: challenges under EU regulations. A Case study of Neamt County, Romania

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florin Constantin MIHAI
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Municipal Waste ◽  
Waste Collection ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Municipal Waste Management ◽  
Administrative Unit ◽  
Open Dumping

The paper aims to examine the changes in the rural waste management sector at regional scale since the Romania adhesion to the EU in 2007. Traditional waste management based on the mixed waste collection and waste disposal often on improper sites prevailed in municipal waste management options of transitional economies across the globe. The lack of formal waste collection services in rural areas has encouraged the open dumping or backyard burning. The paper analyses the improvements and challenges of local authorities in order to fulfill the new EU requirements in this sector supported by data analysis at local administrative unit levels and field observations. Geographical analysis is compulsory in order to reveal the local disparities. The paper performs an assessment of waste collection issues across 78 rural municipalities within Neamt County. This sector is emerging in rural areas of Eastern Europe, but is far from an efficient municipal waste management system based on the waste hierarchy concept.

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