Evaluation of the Dimensions of the Tsunami Evacuation Path for the Community of Air Tawar Barat Village, North Padang District, Padang City, Based on Geographic Information System (GIS)

Air Tawar Barat Village is located in North Padang District, Padang City which is directly adjacent to the Indian Ocean in the west, so there is a risk of a tsunami disaster. The current evacuation route, which is one of the efforts to overcome the tsunami disaster, seems to be still ineffective to use because the distance that must be covered is 3-5 km in less than 30 minutes. This study aims to determine the direction of an effective evacuation route and then make a comparison with the evacuation route that has been determined by the Government. The method used is Network Analyst. The results of this study obtained 3 alternatives to make evacuation more effective. The alternative is to make access roads around Jalan Gajah to go to P-TES in the UNP area. Alternative 2 is to make P-TES in the parking lot of the Air Tawar Health Center so that people around the river mouth can evacuate faster because they are closer. Alternative 3, the community around the North Padang Police Sector can evacuate by heading to P-TES on Jalan Polonia, Air Tawar Timur Village to stay away from the beach. The three alternatives make the evacuation time to 10 minutes by heading to 26 P-TES. In addition, the evacuation map as a result of the analysis is more effective because the route has a route that is more likely to be taken by the community compared to the government evacuation map.

Measuring Physical access to primary health care facilities in Gambella Region (Western Ethiopia)

As part of the project “More equity and quality of health services in Gambella, Gambella Region”, financed by the Italian Agency for Development Cooperation (AICS) and implemented by the Italian NGO Doctors with Africa CUAMM (Padua, Italy) a geographic database of the distribution of health facilities of Gambella Region (western Ethiopia) was created. This data collection was carried out in two missions carried out in February 2018 and November-December 2019. It allowed a mapping of the access roads and the location of health facilities using Geomatic Approaches and related technologies (Remote Survey, Field Survey, GPS, GIS). The field work has allowed the investigation in 11 Waredas (i.e. districts) with the census of 3 primary hospitals, 26 health centres and 121 HPs and related road access by car or, in case of inaccessibility of vehicles, by foot or boat.The final result of this work is the availability of a detailed cartographic picture of the geographical distribution of Health Facilities (HFs) in order to support the modern decision-making tools to be adopted for the distribution of human and instrumental resources. As an example we describe a network analysis performed by ESRI™ Network Analyst which showed the importance of this approach to remodel a more efficient referral system.

Altered neurogenic pathways in experimental rat models of ischemic cerebral stroke: A transcriptome based meta-analysis

Objectives: Promoting neurogenesis mediated recovery is one of the most sought after strategies in recovery after cerebral stroke. In this paper we elucidate how neurogenesis related genes are altered in the early stroke environment, to hint at potential pathways for therapeutic recovery. Materials and Methods: Around 97 microarray datasets derived from stroke affected rat brains were collected from NCBI-GEO. Datasets were normalized and subjected to a meta-analysis in Network Analyst to identify differentially expressed genes. Gene enrichment analyses were carried out using GSEA, and WebGestalt and results were visualized using Cytoscape Enrichment mapping. Results: Nearly 939 differentially expressing genes were identified in the cerebral stroke group. Among them, 30 neurogenesis related genes were identified through enrichment mapping analysis, and 35 genes through Protein-Protein Interaction analysis. Highest upregulated neurogenesis genes were found to be TSPO, GFAP, VIM, and TGFB1. The Highest Downregulated neurogenesis genes were found to be THY1, NR1D1, CDK5, STX1B, and NOG. Conclusions: Through this study, we have identified that during the acute time frame after stroke, the majority of the neurogenesis genes related to neural proliferation and neural differentiation are downregulated, while the majority of the genes related to neuronal migration were upregulated. A single or combined therapeutic approach against the identified dysregulated genes could greatly aid neural restoration and functional recovery during the postischemic stage.

Peptide KRP Conjugated with Doxorubicin Exerts Anti-Tumor Activity by Regulating RPS6KA2 in Osteosarcoma

Objectives: Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary solid malignant tumor of the bone in adolescents. Conventional treatment of OS by surgery and chemotherapy is not effective and the prognosis is poor. Our previous study demonstrated that a novel cell-penetrating peptide (KRP) that, coupled to doxorubicin (DOX), allowed specific tumor targeting. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of the KRP-DOX antitumor effect were not completely elucidated. Therefore, the present work aimed to identify key candidate genes by integrated bioinformatics analysis. Methods: Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened using the Network Analyst. The functions and pathway involvements of the DEGs were analyzed using the Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) databases, respectively. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was used to identify hub genes. In addition, quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western blotting were performed to assess the expression level of candidate biomarkers in OS cells after KRP-DOX treatment. Results: A total of 790 DEGs were identified. GO functional analysis and KEGG pathway analysis demonstrated that the DEGs were mostly enriched in the ribosome. DEGs were visualized by PPI networks. After treatment of OS cells with KRP-DOX, the downregulated ribosomal protein S6 kinase A2 (RPS6KA2) was found to be closely related to inhibition of OS proliferation. In agreement with the bioinformatics analysis, qRT-PCR and western blot results showed low expression of RPS6KA2 in osteosarcoma cells in the KRP-DOX treatment group.Conclusions: RPS6KA2 is significantly associated with the KRP-DOX anti-tumor effect and may serve as a candidate biomarker and therapeutic target for OS.

PENGGUNAAN SIG UNTUK OPTIMASI POLA PENGUMPULAN DAN PENGANGKUTAN SAMPAH DARI TEMPAT PEMBUANGAN SEMENTARA (TPS) KE TEMPAT PEMBUANGAN AKHIR (TPA)

Transportasi sampah bertujuan membawa sampah dari lokasi pemindahan atau dari sumber sampah secara langsung menuju Tempat Pembuangan Akhir (TPA). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk 1)mengetahui sebaran Tempat Pembuangan Sementara (TPS) pada 5Kecamatan yang terdapat di Kabupaten Karawang, 2)mengetahui jalur eksisting pengangkutan sampah di Kabupaten Karawang dengan bantuan Sistem Informasi Geografis (SIG), 3)menganalisis dan mengevaluasi efektivitas dan efisiensi rute pengangkutan sampah yang ada saat ini di Kabupaten Karawang dan 4)menghitung tingkat kebutuhan kendaraan pengangkutan sampah yang dibutuhkan di Kabupaten Karawang. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kecamatan Karawang Barat, Karawang Timur, Telukjambe Barat, Telukjambe Timur dan Klari di Kabupaten Karawang pada bulan Januari – Februari 2020. Untuk melakukan optimasi pola pengumpulan dan pengangkutan sampah menggunakan Sistem Informasi Geografis (SIG) dengan metode Network Analyst. Metode ini menentukan rute yang optimal sehingga dapat efektif dan efisien dalam sistem pengangkutan sampah. Data yang digunakan adalah lokasi poll, TPS dan TPA, jumlah TPS, waktu dan jarak perjalanan yang ditempuh, rute angkutan eksisting, jarak antara pool dengan TPS-TPS dan jarak antara TPS-TPA, jumlah kendaraan. Garbage transportation vehicles needed as many as 128 units which means that additional vehicles need as many as 90 units. Hasil penelitian pada 5 Kecamatan di Kabupaten Karawang kendaraan pengangkutansampah yang beroperasi sebanyak 38 unit dan 111 TPS. Jalur eksisting pengangkutan sampah, rata-rata jaraknya 91,08 km dan waktu tempuh 3,63 jam sedangkan jalur pengangkutan sampah yang sudah dianalisis didapatkan jarak rata-rata 43,94 km dan waktu tempuh 2,32 jam. Jadi mempunyai selisih jarak 53,94 km dan waktu tempuh 1,31 jam pada 38 pengangkutan sampah. Estimasi timbulan sampah yang dihasilkan 1.532,234 m3/hari. Pada saat ini jumlah kendaraan yang terdapat di pool sebanyak 38 unit. Kendaraan pengangkutan sampah yang dibutuhkan sebanyak 128 unit yang artinya perlu tambahan kendaraan sebanyak 90 unit. Biayakonsumsi bahan bakar kendaraan pada rute eksisting sebesar Rp. 4.133.735 per hari sedangkan sesudah dilakukan analisis menjadi Rp. 2.633.879 per hari, jadi penurunan sebanyak Rp. 1.479.856 per hari berarti bisa menghemat biaya operasional pengangkutansampah.

Manejo sostenible de residuos sólidos domiciliarios: recolección y transporte al relleno sanitario. Caso cantón Naranjal

Las rutas de recolección de residuos sólidos domiciliarios en el cantón Naranjal se han creado de manera intuitiva y no responden a un análisis técnico. En este estudio se evaluó las rutas actuales de recolección y se diseñó nuevas rutas optimizadas, mediante el uso de Sistema de Información Geográfica (SIG), con la finalidad de minimizar la distancia recorrida y aumentar la cobertura de recolección. Para la optimización de las rutas se utilizó el software ArcGis 10.3 y se aplicó la herramienta Network Analyst. Los resultados de la investigación permitieron reducir las rutas de 24 existentes a 20 rutas de recolección diferenciadas (10 en la cabecera cantonal y 10 en el área rural de Naranjal), se aumentó la cobertura de recolección e incrementó la frecuencia en el área rural. Palabras clave: Recolección de desechos, residuos sólidos domiciliarios (RSD), optimización de rutas, ArcGis10.3, Network Analyst. AbstractIn Naranjal, domestic solid waste collection routes have been created intuitively and do not respond to a technical analysis. The present study evaluated the current collection routes to design new optimized routes, through the use of Geographic Information Systems (GIS), in order to minimize the distance traveled and increase collection coverage. ArcGis 10.3 software was used for route optimization and the Network Analyst tool was applied. The results of the research made it possible to reduce the existing routes from 24 to 20 diferentiated collection routes (10 in the cantonal head and 10 in the rural area of Naranjal) increasing the collection coverage and the frequency in the rural area was also increased. Keywords: waste collection, domestic solid waste (DSW), route optimization, ArcGis 10.3, Network Analyst.

Design of profitable networks of biogas plants in Chile

Locations for profitable biogas plant networks for the generation of electric power were investigated. A population-based location algorithm was developed. Using information regarding biogas power and plants cost found in the literature, together with data on the location and number of dairy cows of 572 farms in southern Chile, economic analises were made. Each farm was evaluated as a potencial location for a biogas plant, both alone and as part of different combinations. The algorithm starts with a population of one-plant combinations and generates new iterations by inserting additional biogas plants as long as the NPV increases. In each iteration, only a diverse subset of the combinations is selected. This approach is compared to the application of the ArcGIS Network Analyst (NA) function for the set cover problem, usually employed in the literature for biogas plant network location problems. Using the technical parameters for the operation of biogas plants found in the literature, we show that the proposed algorithm gives better results than the NA algorithm in terms of profit. Biogas plant networks were obtained for different scenarios of biomass availability (40–80%), energy sale prices (90–100 USD/MWh) and transport costs (0.3–0.4 USD/tkm). The results indicate that 18 of the 572 farms would be good candidates to site a biogas plant in at least one of the scenarios. A maximum of eight farms appear in a scenario with 80% of biomass availability and a transport cost of 0.3 USD/tkm. This solution reaches a NPV of USD 3,538,394, which exceeds by more than 70% the USD 2,075,057 obtained with the solution retrieved by the NA function. As the algorithm presented obtained better results than the ArcGIS network analyst, it can be used as an appropriate design tool for biogas plant networks.

Spatial Analysis of Educational Services Using GIS in Nasiriyah City

Geographic Information Systems (GIS) are becoming useful and important tools for making strategic decisions whenever reliable data on spatial distribution are found, finding suitable sites for educational areas is important, as schools located in a strategic and safe area play an important role in building up students' skills in the future. The objective of the present work is therefore to firstly evaluate the educational services in Nasiriyah city in its regional context and to suggest educational services in the city of Nasiriyah in its regional context and to suggest long-term options for their development.Secondly, it aims to outline the measures necessary to ensure the orderly development of the expansion of educational needs within urban limits, and to provide for the Spatial analysis for education services in the city. The Geographic Information System (GIS) has been implemented as a multi-criteria spatial analysis tool. Results with some of the implemented standards based on (GIS) using ArcGIS 10.3 Network Analyst (Service Area) tool and Excel Office as statistical software.