The Role of China’s County-level Research Offices in Policy Adaptation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen-Hsuan Tsai ◽  
Gang Tian
Keyword(s):  
County Level ◽  
Policy Adaptation

scholarly journals The role of county-level socioeconomic status on brand-name prescriptions in Medicare part D

Medicine ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (9) ◽  
pp. e19271
Author(s):  
Connor Volpi ◽  
Fadi Shehadeh ◽  
Eleftherios Mylonakis
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Medicare Part D ◽  
Medicare Part ◽  
County Level ◽  
Brand Name ◽  
Part D

scholarly journals The role of US organic certifiers in organic hotspot formation

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 230-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Julia Marasteanu ◽  
Edward C. Jaenicke
Keyword(s):  
Public Institutions ◽  
Property Taxes ◽  
County Level ◽  
Private Institutions ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Outreach Services ◽  
Organic Products

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the formation of hotspots of organic operations (geographically close areas that have positively correlated high numbers of organic operations), paying particular attention to the role of the organic certifying agent. We analyze the association of county-level factors related to policy, economics, demographics and organic certifiers with the probability that a county is in a hotspot or coldspot (geographically close areas that have positively correlated low numbers of organic operations) of organic operations. The results suggest that a high presence of government run organic certifying agents, as well as a high presence of private organic certifying agents who provide outreach services, are both positively associated with the probability that a county belongs to a hotspot. Other factors, such as the level of property taxes and the distance of the county from the nearest interstate, are also significantly correlated with the probability that a county is in a hotspot. Understanding factors associated with organic hotspots is important given the surge in momentum in the organic industry and the concerns that demand for organic products may be outpacing domestic supply. In particular, understanding the role that certifiers play in the formation of organic hotspots is important, as certain services provided by certifiers may be indicative of the level of communication between organic operations and their communities. The results of this paper may encourage public institutions that approve and regulate organic certifiers to provide incentives for offering outreach services, and private institutions interested in promoting organic operations to work more closely with certifying agents as a means to boost organic hotspots.

The Role of Publicly Provided Electricity in Economic Development: The Experience of the Tennessee Valley Authority, 1929–1955

2014 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 389-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl Kitchens
Keyword(s):  
Tennessee Valley Authority ◽  
Development Projects ◽  
County Level ◽  
Institutional History ◽  
Water Power ◽  
Tennessee Valley ◽  
History Of ◽  
Contractual Agreements ◽  
Surrounding Areas

I study the impacts of one of the largest regional development projects in American History, the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA), on a variety of economic outcomes. The TVA has been noted as an example of how to develop a region's water power potential to stimulate growth. In what follows, I show using a county-level panel dataset, that the TVA had little impact on economic growth in the South. I attribute these results to the institutional history of the TVA and the contractual agreements it signed in an effort to expand its service territory.“…as a pebble dropped in a pond causes ripples to flow outward to the surrounding shores, the influence of TVA'slow rates flows outward to surrounding areas…”TVA's Influence on Electric Rates 1965

scholarly journals The Role of SARS-CoV-2 Testing on Hospitalizations in California

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1336
Author(s):  
José Cricelio Montesinos-López ◽  
Maria L. Daza-Torres ◽  
Yury E. García ◽  
Luis A. Barboza ◽  
Fabio Sanchez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Linear Model ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
County Level ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Socioeconomic Characteristics ◽  
Hospitalization Rates ◽  
Rapid Spread ◽  
Public Health Officials ◽  
Virus Strains

The rapid spread of the new SARS-CoV-2 virus triggered a global health crisis, disproportionately impacting people with pre-existing health conditions and particular demographic and socioeconomic characteristics. One of the main concerns of governments has been to avoid health systems becoming overwhelmed. For this reason, they have implemented a series of non-pharmaceutical measures to control the spread of the virus, with mass tests being one of the most effective controls. To date, public health officials continue to promote some of these measures, mainly due to delays in mass vaccination and the emergence of new virus strains. In this research, we studied the association between COVID-19 positivity rate and hospitalization rates at the county level in California using a mixed linear model. The analysis was performed in the three waves of confirmed COVID-19 cases registered in the state to September 2021. Our findings suggest that test positivity rate is consistently associated with hospitalization rates at the county level for all study waves. Demographic factors that seem to be related to higher hospitalization rates changed over time, as the profile of the pandemic impacted different fractions of the population in counties across California.

scholarly journals Study on the Spatial Restructuring of the Village System at the County Level Oriented toward the Rural Revitalization Strategy: A Case of Jintan District, Jiangsu Province

Land ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 478
Author(s):  
Xinguo Bu ◽  
Lijie Pu ◽  
Chunzhu Shen ◽  
Xuefeng Xie ◽  
Caiyao Xu
Keyword(s):  
Service Area ◽  
Jiangsu Province ◽  
County Level ◽  
Rural Revitalization ◽  
Spatial Restructuring ◽  
Important Means ◽  
The Village ◽  
The Empirical Analysis

The spatial restructuring of village systems is an important means by which to promote rural revitalization. A large number of villages with small average areas bring great challenges to the implementation of the Rural Revitalization Strategy (RRS) in China. To promote the implementation of the RRS, it is necessary to restructure the village system. This paper proposes a method of spatial restructuring for the village system at the county level, oriented toward the RRS. This study proposes a village classification system with central villages, characteristic villages, and merged villages. It also accounts for the role of various villages in the RRS and proposes differentiated development strategies. This study involved the construction of a village centrality index system and a central village selection model aligned with the RRS. Taking the district of Jintan in Jiangsu Province as a case study for the empirical analysis, the results show that the applicability of the model to the study area is good. Using this model, 32 central villages and 10 characteristic villages were selected. After restructuring the village system, the number of villages decreased by 69.1%. The results from analyzing the travel time radius of the central villages show that 71.5% of the land in the evaluation area lies within a 15 min commute of the central villages, and 96.5% lies within 25 min, indicating that the locations and number of the selected central villages are reasonable. Compared with the service area of the village system before the restructure, the average service area of the central villages is 3.4 times larger, which helps to improve the infrastructure and public service efficiency of the central villages. By guiding resources to aggregate in the central villages and promoting the comprehensive consolidation of land in the merged villages, the restructuring of the village system can help further the success of the RRS in Jintan.

Voter Identification

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Bergman ◽  
Dari Sylvester Tran ◽  
Philip Yates
Keyword(s):  
Voter Registration ◽  
County Level ◽  
Major Party ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Voter Identification ◽  
Level Data ◽  
2016 Election ◽  
Poverty Levels ◽  
Voter Id

Chapter 6 examines the role of voter identification requirements to register and cast a ballot in the 2016 U.S. election. Evidence is drawn from a county-level data set based on public records of votes cast for the two major party candidates to investigate the effects of lax and strict voter registration requirements in 50 U.S. states plus D.C. on the number of votes won by Clinton and Trump at county level, controlling for the demographic characteristics of counties, such as educational and poverty levels. The study concludes that, even with these controls, the type of voter ID laws did significantly impact the outcome; in the 2016 election, the estimates suggest that voter ID laws increased GOP support by 1.8% and lowered support for Democrats by 0.7%. In close contests, this made a difference, with voter ID significantly influencing the vote in favor of the GOP.

Sweden

2021 ◽  
pp. 164-204
Author(s):  
Paula Blomqvist ◽  
Ulrika Winblad
Keyword(s):  
Historical Development ◽  
Waiting Times ◽  
Patient Choice ◽  
County Level ◽  
Patient Centered ◽  
Health Politics ◽  
Private Actors ◽  
Governing Institutions ◽  
Universal Health

This chapter provides an extended look at health politics and the tax-financed, universal health system in Sweden. It traces the historical development of the Swedish healthcare system, characterized by a shifting relationship between a powerful, interventionist state and self-governing county-level governing institutions. Starting in the late 1980s, despite broad political agreement about the need to adapt the system and make it more patient-centered, there has been debate over most health reforms, particularly over the role of markets and private actors, with legislative votes largely following the left–right political party divide. Nevertheless, reforms like the introduction of private actors, mostly publicly financed and regulated, the enhancement of patient choice, measures to reduce waiting times, and other changes in the formerly nearly all-public system have taken place without seriously undermining the health system’s fundamentally solidaristic character.

Obesity among working age adults: The role of county-level persistent poverty in rural disparities

2011 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 1174-1181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin J. Bennett ◽  
Janice C. Probst ◽  
Chaiporn Pumkam
Keyword(s):  
County Level ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Persistent Poverty

scholarly journals Space-time covid-19 Bayesian SIR modeling in South Carolina

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. e0242777 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew B. Lawson ◽  
Joanne Kim
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
South Carolina ◽  
New York Times ◽  
Economic Disadvantage ◽  
County Level ◽  
Spatial Confounding ◽  
The Usa ◽  
One Step ◽  
Death Data

The Covid-19 pandemic has spread across the world since the beginning of 2020. Many regions have experienced its effects. The state of South Carolina in the USA has seen cases since early March 2020 and a primary peak in early April 2020. A lockdown was imposed on April 6th but lifting of restrictions started on April 24th. The daily case and death data as reported by NCHS (deaths) via the New York Times GitHUB repository have been analyzed and approaches to modeling of the data are presented. Prediction is also considered and the role of asymptomatic transmission is assessed as a latent unobserved effect. Two different time periods are examined and one step prediction is provided. The results suggest that both socio-economic disadvantage, asymptomatic transmission and spatial confounding are important ingredients in any model pertaining to county level case dynamics.

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