scholarly journals Stigma, Discrimination, and Hate Crimes in Chinese-Speaking World amid Covid-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianhua Xu ◽  
Guyu Sun ◽  
Wei Cao ◽  
Wenyuan Fan ◽  
Zhihao Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Mining ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
Political Ideology ◽  
Chinese Population ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Chinese Language ◽  
Hate Crimes ◽  
Overseas Chinese ◽  
Mainland Chinese ◽  
Media Reports

AbstractThe Covid-19 pandemic has given rise to stigma, discrimination, and even hate crimes against various populations in the Chinese language–speaking world. Using interview data with victims, online observation, and the data mining of media reports, this paper investigated the changing targets of stigma from the outbreak of Covid-19 to early April 2020 when China had largely contained the first wave of Covid-19 within its border. We found that at the early stage of the pandemic, stigma was inflicted by some non-Hubei Chinese population onto Wuhan and Hubei residents, by some Hong Kong and Taiwan residents onto mainland Chinese, and by some Westerners towards overseas Chinese. With the number of cases outside China surpassing that in China, stigmatization was imposed by some Chinese onto Africans in China. We further explore how various factors, such as the fear of infection, food and mask culture, political ideology, and racism, affected the stigmatization of different victim groups. This study not only improved our understanding of how stigmatization happened in the Chinese-speaking world amid Covid-19 but also contributes to the literature of how sociopolitical factors may affect the production of hate crimes.

Analysis of Chinese herbal formulae recommended for COVID-19 in different schemes in China: A data mining Approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
LiWei Yin ◽  
YaCen Gao ◽  
ZiPing Li ◽  
MengYu Wang ◽  
KaiXin Chen
Keyword(s):  
Data Mining ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Chinese Herbs ◽  
Recovery Stage ◽  
Prescription Pattern ◽  
Middle Stage ◽  
Chinese Herbal ◽  
Severe Stage ◽  
Herbal Formulae

Background: Novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP), or coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), is a worldwide health threat that has affected millions of people globally. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been introduced for the treatment of COVID-19. However, efficacy differs among herbal medicines, and the ideal prescription pattern for TCM herbal formulae for COVID-19 treatment needs to be explored. Therefore, the data mining method has been used in this study to analyze the TCM prescription pattern for COVID-19. Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze the TCM prescription pattern in Regional Schemes in China for COVID-19 in order to provide a new reference for the use of TCM in COVID-19 treatment. Method: By searching the TCM treatment protocols of COVID-19 in 23 Regional Schemes, TCM syndromes and herbal medicines were analyzed by data mining. The Ancient and Modern Medical Case Cloud Platform (V2.1 personal Edition) was used to perform frequency statistics, correlation analysis, and cluster analysis. A total of 82 TCM syndromes and 171 Chinese herbal medicines were found. The course of the disease can be divided into the early stage, middle stage, severe stage, and recovery stage. Results: In the early stage, the focus is primarily on resolving dampness, dispelling cold, and diffusing the lungs. In the middle stage, the treatment priority is clearing heat and resolving toxins, promoting lung function, and relieving asthma. In the severe stage, the focus is on tonifying Qi, restoring Yang, and relieving depletion of Yin and Yang. In the recovery stage, the main treatment is to invigorate the spleen and regulate Qi, tonify Qi, nourish Yin, and clear residual disease evil. There are certain differences between the Regional Schemes and the Nation Schemes, but the core prescription pattern of the former is consistent with the latter. The effectiveness of these 171 Chinese herbs include but are not limited to inhibiting COVID-19, strengthening immune system function, preventing heart failure, acting as antioxidants, oxidative stress inhibitory effects, maintaining organ function, and improving leukocyte survival. Conclusion: This study may help to improve understanding of TCM herbal prescription pattern, practices, reveal the efficacy of combinations of Chinese herbs, and provide new ideas for TCM treatment for COVID-19.

scholarly journals Diagnostic capability of different morphological parameters for primary open‐angle glaucoma in the Chinese population

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruoshi Li ◽  
Xia Wang ◽  
Yahui Wei ◽  
Yuan Fang ◽  
Tian Tian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Chinese Population ◽  
Primary Open Angle Glaucoma ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Open Angle Glaucoma ◽  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Open Angle ◽  
Fiber Layer ◽  
Diagnostic Capability ◽  
Diagnostic Power

Abstract Background To assess the diagnostic capability of novel Bruch’s membrane opening (BMO)-based disc parameters, the BMO-minimum rim width (BMO-MRW) and the BMO-minimum rim area (BMO-MRA) in the Chinese population and compare them to the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) from optical coherence tomography (OCT) and the rim area (RA) from the Heidelberg retinal tomograph-III (HRT-III). Methods In total, 200 eyes of 77 healthy and 123 primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) subjects were included in this cross-sectional study. All participants underwent the visual field test and structural measurements by OCT and HRT-III. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUCs) of different structural parameters were calculated to assess their diagnostic power and compared using the DeLong test. Results In populations with different characteristics, the BMO-MRW and BMO-MRA had better diagnostic power than the RA. In discriminating between all POAG subjects and healthy controls and between early-stage patients and controls, the global BMO-MRW had comparable AUCs with the RNFL, but the BMO-MRA had lower AUCs than the RNFL. In healthy subjects with macrodiscs, both the global and sectoral BMO-MRW were thinner than those in healthy subjects with normal disc size. The AUCs of BMO-MRA, BMO-MRW and RNFL in subjects with macrodiscs were comparable. Additionally, in the myopic population, the BMO-MRA and BMO-MRW had comparable AUCs with the RNFL. Conclusions The BMO-MRW had comparable diagnostic power with the RNFL, and compared with BMO-MRW, the BMO-MRA might have advantages in certain populations, such as macrodiscs. All OCT-derived parameters exceeded the RA in diagnostic capability.

scholarly journals Differences between Chinese Adolescent Immigrants and Adolescent Non-Immigrants in Hong Kong: Perceived Psychosocial Attributes, School Environment and Characteristics of Hong Kong Adolescents

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 3739
Author(s):  
Hechao Jiang ◽  
Daniel T. L. Shek ◽  
Moon Y. M. Law
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Psychosocial Development ◽  
School Environment ◽  
Social Trust ◽  
Moral Character ◽  
Mainland Chinese ◽  
Adolescent Immigrants ◽  
Chinese Adolescent ◽  
Hong Kong Adolescents ◽  
The Impact

Although the impact of immigration on adolescent developmental outcomes has received extensive scholarly attention, the impact of internal migration, particularly in the Chinese context, on adolescents’ psychosocial development has not been scientifically investigated. This study examined whether mainland Chinese adolescent immigrants (N = 590) and adolescent non-immigrants (n = 1798) differed on: (a) psychosocial attributes indexed by character traits, well-being, social behavior, and views on child development, (b) perceived school environment, and (c) perceptions of characteristics of Hong Kong adolescents. Consistent with the healthy migration hypothesis, Hong Kong adolescents and mainland Chinese adolescent immigrants did not differ on most of the outcomes; Chinese adolescent immigrants showed higher perceived moral character, empathy, and social trust than did Hong Kong adolescent non-immigrants. Chinese adolescent immigrants also showed more favorable perceptions of the school environment and moral character, social trust and social responsibility of adolescents in Hong Kong. This pioneer Chinese study provides support for the healthy immigration hypothesis (immigration paradox hypothesis) but not the immigration morbidity hypothesis within the specific sociocultural context of Hong Kong in China.

scholarly journals Patterns of antihypertensive prescribing, discontinuation and switching among a Hong Kong Chinese population from over one million prescriptions

2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
pp. 714-716 ◽  
Author(s):  
M C S Wong ◽  
J Y Jiang ◽  
A T Lam ◽  
H Fung ◽  
S Griffiths ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Chinese Population ◽  
Hong Kong Chinese

Understanding the Shopping Motivation of Mainland Chinese Tourists in Hong Kong

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 323-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nelson K.F. Tsang ◽  
Louisa Yee-Sum Lee ◽  
Carrie K.L. Liu
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Mainland Chinese ◽  
Chinese Tourists ◽  
Shopping Motivation

scholarly journals Identification and Quantification of Node Criticality through EWM–TOPSIS: A Study of Hong Kong’s MTR System

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yifan Zhang ◽  
S. Thomas Ng
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Network Robustness ◽  
Global Network ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Topsis Method ◽  
Urban Resilience ◽  
Network Efficiency ◽  
Entropy Weight

AbstractPublic transport networks (PTNs) are critical in populated and rapidly densifying cities such as Hong Kong, Beijing, Shanghai, Mumbai, and Tokyo. Public transportation plays an indispensable role in urban resilience with an integrated, complex, and dynamically changeable network structure. Consequently, identifying and quantifying node criticality in complex PTNs is of great practical significance to improve network robustness from damage. Despite the proposition of various node criticality criteria to address this problem, few succeeded in more comprehensive aspects. Therefore, this paper presents an efficient and thorough ranking method, that is, entropy weight method (EWM)–technology for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution (TOPSIS), named EWM–TOPSIS, to evaluate node criticality by taking into account various node features in complex networks. Then we demonstrate it on the Mass Transit Railway (MTR) in Hong Kong by removing and recovering the top k critical nodes in descending order to compare the effectiveness of degree centrality (DC), betweenness centrality (BC), closeness centrality (CC), and the proposed EWM–TOPSIS method. Four evaluation indicators, that is, the frequency of nodes with the same ranking (F), the global network efficiency (E), the size of the largest connected component (LCC), and the average path length (APL), are computed to compare the performance of the four methods and measure network robustness under different designed attack and recovery strategies. The results demonstrate that the EWM–TOPSIS method has more obvious advantages than the others, especially in the early stage.

scholarly journals Cultural Differences in the Hedonic Rewards of Recalling Kindness: Priming Cultural Identity with Language

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-90
Author(s):  
Lilian J. Shin ◽  
Seth M. Margolis ◽  
Lisa C. Walsh ◽  
Sylvia Y. C. L. Kwok ◽  
Xiaodong Yue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Cultural Identity ◽  
Emotional Experience ◽  
Chinese Language ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cultural Identities ◽  
Weak Ties ◽  
Recent Theory ◽  
Emotional Experiences ◽  
The Usa

AbstractRecent theory suggests that members of interdependent (collectivist) cultures prioritize in-group happiness, whereas members of independent (individualist) cultures prioritize personal happiness (Uchida et al. Journal of Happiness Studies, 5(3), 223–239 Uchida et al., 2004). Thus, the well-being of friends and family may contribute more to the emotional experience of individuals with collectivist rather than individualist identities. We tested this hypothesis by asking participants to recall a kind act they had done to benefit either close others (e.g., family members) or distant others (e.g., strangers). Study 1 primed collectivist and individualist cultural identities by asking bicultural undergraduates (N = 357) from Hong Kong to recall kindnesses towards close versus distant others in both English and Chinese, while Study 2 compared university students in the USA (n = 106) and Hong Kong (n = 93). In Study 1, after being primed with the Chinese language (but not after being primed with English), participants reported significantly improved affect valence after recalling kind acts towards friends and family than after recalling kind acts towards strangers. Extending this result, in Study 2, respondents from Hong Kong (but not the USA) who recalled kind acts towards friends and family showed higher positive affect than those who recalled kind acts towards strangers. These findings suggest that people with collectivist cultural identities may have relatively more positive and less negative emotional experiences when they focus on prosocial interactions with close rather than weak ties.

Application of Data Pre-Processing Method in Web Mining

2014 ◽  
Vol 687-691 ◽  
pp. 1592-1595
Author(s):  
Yun Peng Duan ◽  
Chun Xi Zhao ◽  
Ying Shi
Keyword(s):  
Data Mining ◽  
Web Mining ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Data Preprocessing ◽  
Web Technology ◽  
Processing Method ◽  
Web Log Mining ◽  
Web Log ◽  
User Access ◽  
Log Mining

With the widely application of the WWW and the emergence of Web technology, make the research of data mining has entered a new stage. Web log mining is based on the idea of data mining to analyze the server log processing. Paper aimed at the early stage of the data mining is put forward based on log data preprocessing methods, the purpose is to divide server logs into multiple unique user access sequence at a time, and to give a good algorithm.

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