Structural changes of gut microbiota in Parkinson’s disease and its correlation with clinical features

2017 ◽  
Vol 60 (11) ◽  
pp. 1223-1233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Li ◽  
Xiaoli Wu ◽  
Xu Hu ◽  
Tao Wang ◽  
Shan Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Structural Changes

scholarly journals Metagenomic analysis of gut microbiota in Parkinson's disease patients from Central China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fan Zhang ◽  
Qiang Zhao ◽  
Xing Fang ◽  
Meiling Xu ◽  
Jie Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Disease Status ◽  
Central China ◽  
Fecal Microbiome ◽  
Potential Biomarker ◽  
Functional Pathways

Abstract Background: Studies have shown that gut microbiota may be involved in the occurrence and progression of Parkinson's disease (PD). Nevertheless, the alterations in fecal microbiome in PD patients from Central China have not been previously investigated, and the way in which these microbes influence PD remain unclear.Methods: We performed metagenomic shotgun analyses to investigate the gut microbiota composition of 46 Central China PD patients and their healthy spouses. The relationships between microbiota and PD clinical features were analyzed, and functional pathways were compared for further understaning the contributions of gut microbiota in PD. We also explored potential biomarker for PD diagnosis.Results: Microbial communities in the feces of PD patients were notably different from those of healthy spouses at species level. Gut microbiota of patients was characterized by depletion of Subdoligranulum_unclassified and Prevotella_copri, while the Bacteroides_stercoris and Escherichia_coli were markedly elevated. Correlation analysis found that most identified species were negatively correlated with disease clinical features. In particular, Prevotella_copri was negatively correlated with age, H-Y stage, UPDRS total score and UPDRS Ⅲ score. Random forest model indicated that 6 species including Prevotella_copri had good predictive value for disease. Functional analyses of the metagenomes revealed differences in microbiota metabolism. Pathways associated with superpathway of thiamin diphosphate biosynthesis, 4-aminobutanoate degradation, glucose-1-phosphate degradation and methylphosphonate degradation were significant increase in patients, while pathways associated with aromatic amino acid biosynthesis, chorismate biosynthesis, thiamin formation and pyrimidine deoxyribonucleosides salvage were significantly decrease. Functional pathways of Prevotella_copri were mainly concentrated in UMP biosynthesis, S-adenosyl-L-methionine cycle and guanosine ribonucleotides de novo biosynthesis. Conclusion: This study revealed the differences of gut microbiota between PD patients and their healthy spouses. Altered microbiota had correlation with the clinical characteristics of the disease, and maybe used as potential biomarkers for disease status prediction. We also observed differenct functional pathways of gut microbiota in PD patients,which may help to reveal the mechanism of disease occurrence and progression.

scholarly journals Metagenomic analysis of gut microbiota in Parkinson's disease patients from Central China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fan Zhang ◽  
Qiang Zhao ◽  
Xing Fang ◽  
Meiling Xu ◽  
Jie Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Central China ◽  
Chinese Patients ◽  
Fecal Microbiome ◽  
Potential Biomarker ◽  
Functional Pathways

Abstract Background: Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases, pathologic and epidemiologic studies suggest that gut microbiota may play important roles in the occurrence and progression of Parkinson's disease. However, the alterations in fecal microbiome in PD patients from Central China has not been investigated. Therefore, in this case-control study, we characterised the gut microbial community of 46 PD patients and compared it to those of healthy spouses by using metagenomic shotgun sequencing. Correlation between altered microbiota and clinical features were examined, functional pathways of gut microbiota were estimated, and potential biomarker were explored for further understaning of gut microbiota in PD. Results: Microbial communities in the feces of PD patients were notably different from those of healthy spouses at species level. Gut microbiota of patients was characterized by depletion of Prevotella_copri and Bacteroides_fragilis, while the Bacteroides_stercoris and Escherichia_coli were markedly elevated. Correlation analysis found that most identified species were negatively correlated with disease clinical features. In particular, Prevotella_copri was negatively correlated with age and UPDRS Ⅲ score. Random forest model indicated that 6 species including Prevotella_copri had good predictive value for disease. Functional analyses of the metagenomes revealed differences in microbiota metabolism. Pathways associated with superpathway of thiamin diphosphate biosynthesis, 4-aminobutanoate degradation, glucose-1-phosphate degradation and methylphosphonate degradation were significant increase in patients, while pathways associated with aromatic amino acid biosynthesis, chorismate biosynthesis, thiamin formation and pyrimidine deoxyribonucleosides salvage were significantly decrease. Functional pathways of Prevotella_copri were mainly concentrated in UMP biosynthesis, S-adenosyl-L-methionine cycle and guanosine ribonucleotides de novo biosynthesis. Conclusion: Our findings confirmed changes of gut microbiota in Chinese patients with PD. Altered microbiota had correlation with the clinical characteristics of disease, which may used as potential biomarkers. Different functional pathways of gut microbiota in PD patients will help to improve our understanding of the mechanism in disease, and targeting on gut microbiota may be one of the new therapeutic choices of PD in the future.

scholarly journals Altered gut microbiota in Parkinson's disease patients/healthy spouses and its association with clinical features

2020 ◽  
Vol 81 ◽  
pp. 84-88
Author(s):  
Fan Zhang ◽  
Liya Yue ◽  
Xing Fang ◽  
Gengchao Wang ◽  
Cuidan Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Clinical Features

Impact of oral COMT-inhibitors on gut microbiota and short chain fatty acids in Parkinson's disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 70 ◽  
pp. 20-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Grün ◽  
Valerie C. Zimmer ◽  
Jil Kauffmann ◽  
Jörg Spiegel ◽  
Ulrich Dillmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Comt Inhibitors ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

scholarly journals Native α-Synuclein, 3-Nitrotyrosine Proteins, and Patterns of Nitro-α-Synuclein-Immunoreactive Inclusions in Saliva and Submandibulary Gland in Parkinson’s Disease

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 715
Author(s):  
Emilio Fernández-Espejo ◽  
Fernando Rodríguez de Fonseca ◽  
Juan Suárez ◽  
Eduardo Tolosa ◽  
Dolores Vilas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Clinical Feature ◽  
Similar Concentration ◽  
Duct Cells ◽  
Nitrative Stress ◽  
Salivary Concentration

Background. Salivary α-synuclein (aSyn) and its nitrated form, or 3-nitrotyrosine-α-synuclein (3-NT-αSyn), hold promise as biomarkers for idiopathic Parkinson’s disease (IPD). Nitrative stress that is characterized by an excess of 3-nitrotyrosine proteins (3-NT-proteins) has been proposed as a pathogenic mechanism in IPD. The objective is to study the pathological role of native αSyn, 3-NT-αSyn, and 3-NT-proteins in the saliva and submandibulary glands of patients with IPD. Methods. The salivary and serum αSyn and 3-NT-proteins concentration is evaluated with ELISA in patients and controls. Correlations of αSyn and 3-NT-proteins content with clinical features of the disease are examined. Immunohistochemical 3-NT-αSyn expression in submandibulary gland sections is analyzed. Results. (a) Salivary concentration and saliva/serum ratios of native αSyn and 3-NT-proteins are similar in patients and controls; (b) salivary αSyn and 3-NT-proteins do not correlate with any clinical feature; and (c) three patterns of 3-NT-αSyn-positive inclusions are observed on histological sections: rounded “Lewy-type” aggregates of 10–25 µm in diameter, coarse deposits with varied morphology, and spheroid inclusions or bodies of 3–5 µm in diameter. “Lewy-type” and coarse inclusions are observed in the interlobular connective tissue of the gland, and small-sized bodies are located within the cytoplasm of duct cells. “Lewy-type” inclusions are only observed in patients, and the remaining patterns of inclusions are observed in both the patients and controls. Conclusions. The patients’ saliva presents a similar concentration of native αSyn and 3-nitrotyrosine-proteins than that of the controls, and no correlations with clinical features are found. These findings preclude the utility of native αSyn in the saliva as a biomarker, and they indicate the absence of nitrative stress in the saliva and serum of patients. As regards nitrated αSyn, “Lewy-type” inclusions expressing 3-NT-αSyn are observed in the patients, not the controls—a novel finding that suggests that a biopsy of the submandibulary gland, if proven safe, could be a useful technique for diagnosing IPD. Finally, to our knowledge, this is also the first description of 3-NT-αSyn-immunoreactive intracytoplasmic bodies in cells that are located outside the nervous system. These intracytoplasmic bodies are present in duct cells of submandibulary gland sections from all subjects regardless of their pathology, and they can represent an aging or involutional change. Further immunostaining studies with different antibodies and larger samples are needed to validate the data.

scholarly journals Gut microbiota mediates the absorption of FLZ, a new drug for Parkinson’s disease treatment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junmei Shang ◽  
Shurong Ma ◽  
Caixia Zang ◽  
Xiuqi Bao ◽  
Yan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Disease Treatment ◽  
New Drug

scholarly journals Meta-analysis of the Parkinson’s disease gut microbiome suggests alterations linked to intestinal inflammation

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Romano ◽  
George M. Savva ◽  
Janis R. Bedarf ◽  
Ian G. Charles ◽  
Falk Hildebrand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Inflammatory Status

AbstractThe gut microbiota is emerging as an important modulator of neurodegenerative diseases, and accumulating evidence has linked gut microbes to Parkinson’s disease (PD) symptomatology and pathophysiology. PD is often preceded by gastrointestinal symptoms and alterations of the enteric nervous system accompany the disease. Several studies have analyzed the gut microbiome in PD, but a consensus on the features of the PD-specific microbiota is missing. Here, we conduct a meta-analysis re-analyzing the ten currently available 16S microbiome datasets to investigate whether common alterations in the gut microbiota of PD patients exist across cohorts. We found significant alterations in the PD-associated microbiome, which are robust to study-specific technical heterogeneities, although differences in microbiome structure between PD and controls are small. Enrichment of the genera Lactobacillus, Akkermansia, and Bifidobacterium and depletion of bacteria belonging to the Lachnospiraceae family and the Faecalibacterium genus, both important short-chain fatty acids producers, emerged as the most consistent PD gut microbiome alterations. This dysbiosis might result in a pro-inflammatory status which could be linked to the recurrent gastrointestinal symptoms affecting PD patients.

scholarly journals Relationships of gut microbiota, short-chain fatty acids, inflammation, and the gut barrier in Parkinson’s disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Velma T. E. Aho ◽  
Madelyn C. Houser ◽  
Pedro A. B. Pereira ◽  
Jianjun Chang ◽  
Knut Rudi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Disease Onset ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

Abstract Background Previous studies have reported that gut microbiota, permeability, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and inflammation are altered in Parkinson’s disease (PD), but how these factors are linked and how they contribute to disease processes and symptoms remains uncertain. This study sought to compare and identify associations among these factors in PD patients and controls to elucidate their interrelations and links to clinical manifestations of PD. Methods Stool and plasma samples and clinical data were collected from 55 PD patients and 56 controls. Levels of stool SCFAs and stool and plasma inflammatory and permeability markers were compared between patients and controls and related to one another and to the gut microbiota. Results Calprotectin was increased and SCFAs decreased in stool in PD in a sex-dependent manner. Inflammatory markers in plasma and stool were neither intercorrelated nor strongly associated with SCFA levels. Age at PD onset was positively correlated with SCFAs and negatively correlated with CXCL8 and IL-1β in stool. Fecal zonulin correlated positively with fecal NGAL and negatively with PD motor and non-motor symptoms. Microbiota diversity and composition were linked to levels of SCFAs, inflammatory factors, and zonulin in stool. Certain relationships differed between patients and controls and by sex. Conclusions Intestinal inflammatory responses and reductions in fecal SCFAs occur in PD, are related to the microbiota and to disease onset, and are not reflected in plasma inflammatory profiles. Some of these relationships are distinct in PD and are sex-dependent. This study revealed potential alterations in microbiota-host interactions and links between earlier PD onset and intestinal inflammatory responses and reduced SCFA levels, highlighting candidate molecules and pathways which may contribute to PD pathogenesis and clinical presentation and which warrant further investigation.

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