scholarly journals Retinoid X receptor activities of source waters in China and their removal efficiencies during drinking water treatment processes

2012 ◽  
Vol 57 (6) ◽  
pp. 595-600 ◽  
Author(s):  
WeiWei Jiang ◽  
Ye Yan ◽  
Na Li ◽  
Mei Ma ◽  
DongHong Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Retinoid X Receptor ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Removal Efficiencies ◽  
Source Waters

Behaviour of bisphenol A (BPA), 4-nonylphenol (4-NP) and 4-nonylphenol ethoxylates (4-NP1EO, 4-NP2EO) in oxidative water treatment processes

2004 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 141-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Lenz ◽  
V. Beck ◽  
M. Fuerhacker
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Bisphenol A ◽  
Estrogenic Activity ◽  
Detection Limits ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Estrogenic Potential ◽  
Removal Efficiencies ◽  
Study Laboratory

Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) such as natural and synthetic hormones or industrial chemicals can adversely affect the endocrine system at very low concentrations. As such substances can be present in raw water used for drinking-water production, they potentially pose a health risk to humans. In this study laboratory tests were performed to determine removal efficiencies of selected oxidative drinking water treatment processes, namely ozonation (1.4 mg/l O3) and chlorination, using sodium hypochlorite (0.5 mg/l NaClO) and chlorine dioxide (0.4-0.6 mg/l ClO2) under conditions applied in technical plants. 500-300,000 ng/l of bisphenol A (BPA), 4-nonylphenol (4-NP) and 4-nonylphenol-n-ethoxylates (NPnEO) were selected for investigations and measured by HPLC/FLD and HPLC/MS. To investigate possible oxidation by-products, adsorbable organic halogens (AOX) were determined and estrogenic activities were assessed with the help of an estrogen receptor binding assay (YES). Ozonation and chlorination with ClO2 removed both 4-NP and BPA below detection limits, corresponding with AOX and estrogenic activity. Concerning NPnEO ozonation removed NP1EO and NP2EO up to 28% and 30%, respectively, whereas ClO2 showed high removal efficiencies, eliminating >94% and 92%, respectively. NaClO removed 4-NP and BPA below detection limits, but estrogenic activities increased and AOX could be measured. NP1EO and NP2EO were only marginally reduced corresponding to the slight decrease of estrogenic potential.

Is biological treatment a viable alternative for micropollutant removal in drinking water treatment processes?

2013 ◽  
Vol 47 (16) ◽  
pp. 5955-5976 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Benner ◽  
Damian E. Helbling ◽  
Hans-Peter E. Kohler ◽  
Janneke Wittebol ◽  
Elena Kaiser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Viable Alternative ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Micropollutant Removal

Model-based pH monitor for sensor assessment

2009 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 709-715 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim van Schagen ◽  
Luuk Rietveld ◽  
Alex Veersma ◽  
Robert Babuška
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Mathematical Models ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Online Measurements ◽  
Measurement Devices

Owing to the nature of the treatment processes, monitoring the processes based on individual online measurements is difficult or even impossible. However, the measurements (online and laboratory) can be combined with a priori process knowledge, using mathematical models, to objectively monitor the treatment processes and measurement devices. The pH measurement is a commonly used measurement at different stages in the drinking water treatment plant, although it is a unreliable instrument, requiring significant maintenance. It is shown that, using a grey-box model, it is possible to assess the measurement devices effectively, even if detailed information of the specific processes is unknown.

Enhanced effectiveness of medium-pressure ultraviolet lamps on human adenovirus 2 and its possible mechanism

2009 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 851-857 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gwy-Am Shin ◽  
Jung-Keun Lee ◽  
Karl G. Linden
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Human Exposure ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Human Adenovirus ◽  
Repair Process ◽  
Uv Disinfection ◽  
Medium Pressure ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Uv Technology

There has been growing concern over human exposure to adenoviruses through drinking water due to their apparent high resistance to UV irradiation and the anticipated widespread use of ultraviolet (UV) disinfection in drinking water treatment processes. However, most inactivation studies on adenoviruses were performed using only one type of UV technology—low-pressure (LP) UV, and little is known about the effectiveness of different UV technologies such as medium- pressure (MP) UV or other polychromatic UV technologies. In this work, the kinetics and extent of inactivation of a human adenovirus (adenovirus 2 (Ad2)) by both monochromatic LP and polychromatic MP UV were evaluated to determine the effectiveness of these UV technologies on human adenoviruses. Inactivation of Ad2 by LP UV was very slow and only 0.87 and 2.17 log10 inactivation was achieved with UV doses of 30 and 90 mJ/cm2, respectively. However, inactivation of Ad2 by MP UV was much faster and 2.19 and 5.36 log10 inactivation was observed with the same UV doses (30 and 90 mJ/cm2, respectively). It appears that MP UV is more effective against Ad2 than LP UV and the enhanced effectiveness of MP UV on Ad2 is likely due to its ability to inhibit the repair process in UV-irradiated Ad2.

Ozone and UV – a tool for multi-barrier concepts in water treatment

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 17-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Ried ◽  
J. Mielcke
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Additional Treatment ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Treatment Processes

The use of ozone and/or UV for water treatment processes is often a combination of an ozone and/or UV-step with additional treatment steps, e.g. biological treatment, flocculation, filtration and activated carbon. Therefore, it is necessary to develop an optimized combination of these different steps. This article will demonstrate the advantages presenting two examples for drinking water treatment and two examples for municipal wastewater treatment.

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