A Systematic Review Examining the Experimental Methodology Behind In Vivo Testing of Hiatus Hernia and Diaphragmatic Hernia Mesh

Abstract Introduction Mesh implants are regularly used to help repair both hiatus hernias (HH) and diaphragmatic hernias (DH). In vivo studies are used to test not only mesh safety, but increasingly comparative efficacy. Our work examines the field of in vivo mesh testing for HH and DH models to establish current practices and standards. Method This systematic review was registered with PROSPERO. Medline and Embase databases were searched for relevant in vivo studies. Forty-four articles were identified and underwent abstract review, where 22 were excluded. Four further studies were excluded after full-text review—leaving 18 to undergo data extraction. Results Of 18 studies identified, 9 used an in vivo HH model and 9 a DH model. Five studies undertook mechanical testing on tissue samples—all uniaxial in nature. Testing strip widths ranged from 1–20 mm (median 3 mm). Testing speeds varied from 1.5–60 mm/minute. Upon histology, the most commonly assessed structural and cellular factors were neovascularisation and macrophages respectively (n = 9 each). Structural analysis was mostly qualitative, where cellular analysis was equally likely to be quantitative. Eleven studies assessed adhesion formation, of which 8 used one of four scoring systems. Eight studies measured mesh shrinkage. Discussion In vivo studies assessing mesh for HH and DH repair are uncommon. Within this relatively young field, we encourage surgical and materials testing institutions to discuss its standardisation.

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69 The Experimental Methodology and Comparators Used For In Vivo Hernia Mesh Testing; A Ten-Year Scoping Review:

British Journal of Surgery ◽

10.1093/bjs/znab259.584 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 108 (Supplement_6) ◽

Author(s):

T Whitehead-Clarke ◽

R Karanjia ◽

J Banks ◽

V Beynon ◽

S Parker ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tensile Strength ◽

Scoping Review ◽

Data Extraction ◽

Scoring Systems ◽

Experimental Methodology ◽

Materials Testing ◽

Strength Testing ◽

Hernia Mesh ◽

In Vivo Testing

Abstract Aim Before being marketed, hernia mesh must undergo in vivo testing, which often includes biomechanical and histological assessment. Currently there are no universal standards for this testing and methods vary greatly within the literature. A scoping review of relevant studies was undertaken to analyse the methodologies used for in vivo mesh testing. Method Medline and Embase databases were searched for relevant studies. 513 articles were identified, and 231 duplicates excluded. 126 papers were included after abstract and full text review. Data extraction was undertaken using standardized forms. Results Mesh is most commonly tested in rats (53%). 78% of studies involve the formation of a defect; in 52% of which the fascia is not opposed. The most common hernia models use mesh to bridge an acute defect (50%). Tensile strength testing is the commonest form of mechanical testing (63%). Testing strip widths and test speeds vary greatly (4-30mm and 1.625-240mm/minute respectively). There is little consensus on which units to use for tensile strength testing. Collagen is assessed for its abundance (54 studies) more than its alignment (18 studies). Alignment is not measured quantitatively. At least 21 histological scoring systems are used for in vivo mesh testing. Conclusions The current practice of in vivo mesh testing lacks standardisation. There is significant inconsistency in every category of testing, both in methodology and comparators. We would call upon hernia organisations and materials testing institutions to discuss the need for a standardized approach to this

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The experimental methodology and comparators used for in vivo hernia mesh testing: a 10-year scoping review

Hernia ◽

10.1007/s10029-020-02360-x ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

T. Whitehead-Clarke ◽

R. Karanjia ◽

J. Banks ◽

V. Beynon ◽

S. Parker ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tensile Strength ◽

Scoping Review ◽

Data Extraction ◽

Scoring Systems ◽

Experimental Methodology ◽

Materials Testing ◽

Strength Testing ◽

Hernia Mesh ◽

In Vivo Testing

Abstract Purpose Before being marketed, hernia mesh must undergo in vivo testing, which often includes biomechanical and histological assessment. Currently, there are no universal standards for this testing and methods vary greatly within the literature. A scoping review of relevant studies was undertaken to analyse the methodologies used for in vivo mesh testing. Methods Medline and Embase databases were searched for relevant studies. 513 articles were identified and 231 duplicates excluded. 126 papers were included after abstract and full text review. The data extraction was undertaken using standardised forms. Results Mesh is most commonly tested in rats (53%). 78% of studies involve the formation of a defect; in 52% of which the fascia is not opposed. The most common hernia models use mesh to bridge an acute defect (50%). Tensile strength testing is the commonest form of mechanical testing (63%). Testing strip widths and test speeds vary greatly (4–30 mm and 1.625–240 mm/min, respectively). There is little consensus on which units to use for tensile strength testing. Collagen is assessed for its abundance (54 studies) more than its alignment (18 studies). Alignment is not measured quantitatively. At least 21 histological scoring systems are used for in vivo mesh testing. Conclusions The current practice of in vivo mesh testing lacks standardisation. There is significant inconsistency in every category of testing, both in methodology and comparators. We would call upon hernia organisations and materials testing institutions to discuss the need for a standardised approach to this field.

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Transplantation of Adipose-derived Cells for Periodontal Regeneration: A Systematic Review

Current Stem Cell Research & Therapy ◽

10.2174/1574888x13666181105144430 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 14 (6) ◽

pp. 504-518 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Dilcele Silva Moreira Dziedzic ◽

Bassam Felipe Mogharbel ◽

Priscila Elias Ferreira ◽

Ana Carolina Irioda ◽

Katherine Athayde Teixeira de Carvalho

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Animal Models ◽

Platelet Rich Plasma ◽

Periodontal Regeneration ◽

In Vitro Studies ◽

In Vivo Studies ◽

Cell Sources ◽

Study Designs

This systematic review evaluated the transplantation of cells derived from adipose tissue for applications in dentistry. SCOPUS, PUBMED and LILACS databases were searched for in vitro studies and pre-clinical animal model studies using the keywords “ADIPOSE”, “CELLS”, and “PERIODONTAL”, with the Boolean operator “AND”. A total of 160 titles and abstracts were identified, and 29 publications met the inclusion criteria, 14 in vitro and 15 in vivo studies. In vitro studies demonstrated that adipose- derived cells stimulate neovascularization, have osteogenic and odontogenic potential; besides adhesion, proliferation and differentiation on probable cell carriers. Preclinical studies described improvement of bone and periodontal healing with the association of adipose-derived cells and the carrier materials tested: Platelet Rich Plasma, Fibrin, Collagen and Synthetic polymer. There is evidence from the current in vitro and in vivo data indicating that adipose-derived cells may contribute to bone and periodontal regeneration. The small quantity of studies and the large variation on study designs, from animal models, cell sources and defect morphology, did not favor a meta-analysis. Additional studies need to be conducted to investigate the regeneration variability and the mechanisms of cell participation in the processes. An overview of animal models, cell sources, and scaffolds, as well as new perspectives are provided for future bone and periodontal regeneration study designs.

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Current status of wet lab and cadaveric simulation in urological training: A systematic review

Canadian Urological Association Journal ◽

10.5489/cuaj.6520 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 (11) ◽

Author(s):

Ahmed Al-Jabir ◽

Abdullatif Aydin ◽

Hussain Al-Jabir ◽

M. Shamim Khan ◽

Prokar Dasgupta ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

English Language ◽

In Vivo Studies ◽

Current Status ◽

Level Of Evidence ◽

Cadaveric Simulation ◽

Randomized Controlled Studies ◽

Wet Lab ◽

Urological Training

Introduction: We undertook a systematic review of the use of wet lab (animal and cadaveric) simulation models in urological training, with an aim to establishing a level of evidence (LoE) for studies and level of recommendation (LoR) for models, as well as evaluating types of validation. Methods: Medline, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases were searched for English-language studies using search terms including a combination of surgery, surgical training, and medical education. These results were combined with wet lab, animal model, cadaveric, and in-vivo. Studies were then assigned a LoE and LoR if appropriate as per the education-modified Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine classification. Results: A total of 43 articles met the inclusion criteria. There was a mean of 23.1 (±19.2) participants per study with a median of 20. Overall, the studies were largely of low quality, with 90.7% of studies being lower than 2a LoE (n=26 for LoE 2b and n=13 for LoE 3). The majority (72.1%, n=31) of studies were in animal models and 27.9% (n=12) were in cadaveric models. Conclusions: Simulation in urological education is becoming more prevalent in the literature, however, there is a focus on animal rather than cadaveric simulation, possibly due to cost and ethical considerations. Studies are also predominately of a low LoE; more higher LoEs, especially randomized controlled studies, are needed.

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Antiproliferative activity of thiazole and oxazole derivatives: A systematic review of in vitro and in vivo studies

Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy ◽

10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111495 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 138 ◽

pp. 111495

Author(s):

Nancy Y. Guerrero-Pepinosa ◽

María C. Cardona-Trujillo ◽

Sandra C. Garzón-Castaño ◽

Luz Angela Veloza ◽

Juan C. Sepúlveda-Arias

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Antiproliferative Activity ◽

In Vivo Studies ◽

Oxazole Derivatives

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Limitations of studying keloid scars using the nude athymic mouse model

Canadian Journal of Plastic Surgery ◽

10.1177/229255030201000205 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 56-61 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mp Hillmer ◽

S Salama ◽

Sm Macleod

Keyword(s):

Mouse Model ◽

Scar Tissue ◽

In Vivo Studies ◽

Athymic Mice ◽

Athymic Mouse ◽

Tissue Samples ◽

Keloid Scars ◽

Central Calcification ◽

Sample Identity

Keloid scars are benign fibroproliferative growths that respond poorly to treatment. This study sought to determine the efficacy of three different glucocorticoids (triamcinolone, methylprednisolone and dexamethasone) in altering human keloid scar tissue implanted in athymic mice. Keloid tissue obtained from three patients (one man and two women) who sought cosmetic removal of their scars was implanted into athymic mice for a duration of 15 or 30 days. The keloid tissue was examined histopathologically and evaluated by a dermatopathologist who was blinded to sample identity and who was using predetermined qualitative scoring criteria. The appearance of central calcification, granulation tissue, foreign body granulomatous reaction and acute inflammatory reaction complicated the comparison of the keloid tissue samples. However, on the basis of observations reported in the present paper, it appears that triamcinolone should remain the treatment of choice for keloid scars. The athymic mouse model that is used for studying keloid scars is the best available approach to in vivo studies; however, limitations identified in this study confound the interpretation of experimental data. Ideally, promising and novel therapies should be investigated clinically.

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The Efficacy of Stem Cells Secretome Application in Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review of In Vivo Studies

Stem Cell Reviews and Reports ◽

10.1007/s12015-020-09980-x ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 (6) ◽

pp. 1222-1241 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Maria Bousnaki ◽

Athina Bakopoulou ◽

Aristeidis Kritis ◽

Petros Koidis

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Stem Cells ◽

In Vivo Studies

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Medicinal Plants with Anti-Trichomonas vaginalis Activity in Iran: A Systematic Review

Iranian Journal of Parasitology ◽

10.18502/ijpa.v14i1.712 ◽

2019 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Hajar ZIAEI HEZARJARIBI ◽

Najmeh NADEALI ◽

Mahdi FAKHAR ◽

Masoud SOOSARAEI

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Medicinal Plants ◽

Trichomonas Vaginalis ◽

Scientific Information ◽

Medicinal Herbs ◽

In Vivo Studies ◽

Eligibility Criteria ◽

Sexually Transmitted

Background: Trichomoniasis, due to Trichomonas vaginalis, is one of the most common sexually transmitted parasitic diseases in the world such as Iran. This systematic review aimed to explore the studies evaluating the medicinal herbs with anti- T. vaginalis activity which used in Iran. Methods: Articles published in 4 Persian and 4 English databases were obtained between 2000 and 2015 including Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, Magiran, Barakatkns (formerly IranMedex), Elm net, and SID (Scientific Information Database). Studies out of Iran, studies on animal models and articles on other parasite species than T. vaginalis were excluded from this review. Results: Twenty-one articles including in vitro experiments, met our eligibility criteria. Thoroughly, 26 types of plants were examined against T. vaginalis. Medicinal herbs such as Artemisia, Zataria multiflora, and Lavandula angustifolia are remarkably effective on T. vaginalis. As such, use of other parts of these plants in different concentrations and timelines is recommended for future in vivo studies. Conclusion: The present systematic review provides comprehensive and useful information about Iranian medicinal plants with anti-T. vaginalis activity, which would be examined in the future experimental and clinical trials and herbal combination therapy.

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Viscum album (L) extracts in cancer treatment: a systematic review of in vitro and in vivo studies

International Journal of High Dilution Research - ISSN 1982-6206 ◽

10.51910/ijhdr.v14i2.787 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 52-52

Author(s):

Aloisio Cunha de Carvalho ◽

Leoni Villano Bonamin

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Pharmaceutical Preparations ◽

Viscum Album ◽

In Vitro Models ◽

In Vivo Studies ◽

Pubmed Database ◽

Anti Cancer

Background: Several reviews about phytotherapy and homeopathy have been published in the last years, including Viscum album (VA.L). VA is a parasite plant whose extract has anti-cancer proprieties and is used alone or in combination with conventional chemotherapy. Methods: We performed a systematic review about the in vivo and in vitro models described in the literature, including veterinary clinical trials. The literature was consulted from Pubmed database. Results: There are several kinds of pharmaceutical preparations about VA and their active principles used in experimental studies, lectin being frequently studied (alone or as an extract compound). More than 50% of available literature about VA is related to the lectin effects. On the other hand, the effects of viscotoxins are less studied. Among the in vivo experimental studies about VA and its compounds, the B16 murine melanoma is the most used model, followed by Ehrlich, Walker and Dalton tumors. The results point to the apoptotic effects, metastasis control and tumor regression. Some veterinary clinical studies about the use of VA in the treatment of sarcoid, fibrosarcoma and neuroblastoma are quoted in literature too, with interesting results. Considering the in vitro models, our review revealed that NALM6 leukemia cells, B16 melanoma and NC1-H460 lung carcinoma were the most studied tumor models, apoptosis signals being the most important findings. Only one study verified immunoglobulin and interleukin production. All consulted papers were related to phytotherapy preparations only. Conclusions: Although the literature about the anti-cancer activity of VA extract and its lectins is enough, there is a marked lack of information about viscotoxin activities and about the effects of homeopathic preparations of this plant on animal tumors and on in vitro cultivated tumor cells.

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