Understanding the Formation and Evolution of Oxide Inclusions in Si-Deoxidized Spring Steel

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 1862-1877
Author(s):  
Sha Lyu ◽  
Xiaodong Ma ◽  
Zongze Huang ◽  
Zan Yao ◽  
Hae-Geon Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spring Steel ◽  
Oxide Inclusions ◽  
Formation And Evolution

scholarly journals Formation and Evolution of Al–Ti Oxide Inclusions during Secondary Steel Refining

2009 ◽  
Vol 49 (8) ◽  
pp. 1133-1140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie-Aline Van Ende ◽  
Muxing Guo ◽  
Rob Dekkers ◽  
Marc Burty ◽  
Joris Van Dyck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxide Inclusions ◽  
Formation And Evolution ◽  
Steel Refining

scholarly journals Formation and Evolution of Oxide Inclusions in Titanium-Stabilized 18Cr Stainless Steel

2018 ◽  
Vol 58 (12) ◽  
pp. 2280-2287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingyu Li ◽  
Guoguang Cheng ◽  
Qiang Ruan ◽  
Jixiang Pan ◽  
Xingrun Chen
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Oxide Inclusions ◽  
Formation And Evolution

Formation and Control of Inclusions during Steelmaking Process

2011 ◽  
Vol 52-54 ◽  
pp. 1681-1686 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Li ◽  
Zhou Hua Jiang ◽  
Shi You Yin ◽  
Ying Zhuang ◽  
Ming Li
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Content ◽  
Bearing Steel ◽  
Spring Steel ◽  
Refining Process ◽  
Steelmaking Process ◽  
Total Oxygen ◽  
Total Oxygen Content ◽  
Oxide Inclusions ◽  
Deoxidation Process ◽  
Lf Refining

The variation of non-metallic inclusions and total oxygen contents in different steel grades were investigated by taking samples in steelmaking process, including gear steel, anchor chain steel, hard wire steel, bearing steel and spring steel. The inclusions mainly were Al2O3, MnS, and their composite inclusions in aluminum killed steel at the beginning of LF refining due to addition of FeAl alloy during the tapping from EAF and feeding of Al wire in LF process, and then Al2O3 inclusion changed to the Al2O3 - CaO composite inclusions after feeding of SiCa wire. The inclusions at the beginning of LF refining mainly were MnS, SiC and their composite inclusions in non-aluminum killed steel due to addition of the composite deoxidation and slagging agents (mainly including CaC2 and SiC) when EAF taping, while the inclusions in tundish mainly were MnS, CaO - SiO2 - Al2O3 composite oxide - sulfide inclusions. It is showed that the inclusions in bearing steel and spring steel samples were mainly globular oxide inclusions and silicate inclusions with higher rated results. Therefore, the refining process should be improved to remove globular oxide inclusions. The inclusions in molten steel were controlled by enhancing the diffusion deoxidation process, adjusting and controlling the basicity and composition of refining slags, respectively, and satisfactory results were obtained. The industrial test shows that the total oxygen content of the aluminum killed steel in the test heat after feeding wire reached the minimum value, which indicates that the optimized slag has a strong ability of absorbing Al2O3 inclusions. For non-aluminum killed steel, the total oxygen content was 0.0027 % to 0.0029 % in rolled products. The inclusions in the end of refining and rolled product were small and dispersed composite inclusions, and the separate Al2O3 inclusions can not be found in the non-aluminum killed steel after optimization of the refining process.

Study on Nonmetal Inclusions in Ultra-Low Oxygen Spring Steel during Process

2013 ◽  
Vol 331 ◽  
pp. 508-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Dong Wu ◽  
Rui Long Chen ◽  
Bo Xiao ◽  
Zhong Ying Wang
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Complex Oxide ◽  
Spring Steel ◽  
Fatigue Properties ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Refining Slag ◽  
Total Oxygen ◽  
Oxide Inclusions ◽  
High Basicity ◽  
Lower Melting Point

The inclusions in ultra-low oxygen spring steel during process were studied. Sufficient aluminium was used during tapping. The refining slag has high basicity and strong reducibility. The total oxygen is only 10×10-6 in billet and the oxide inclusions in the steel have finished the transformation during refining and some complex oxide inclusions are easy to remove at steelmaking temperature. Residual oxide inclusions in the steel are CaO-MgO-Al2O3 complex inclusions with a relatively lower melting point, which have a little deform-ability during hot-working and can improve the fatigue properties of high speed wheel steel effectively.

Behaviour of oxide inclusions and sulphur in ‘two-stage basicity control’ refining method of Si-killed spring steel

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Chen Wang ◽  
Yan-Shen Han ◽  
Jiang-Shan Zhang ◽  
Dong Xiao ◽  
Jun Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spring Steel ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Oxide Inclusions ◽  
Refining Method

Development of 60Si2CrVNb High Tensile Strength Spring Steel

2013 ◽  
Vol 744 ◽  
pp. 379-382
Author(s):  
Xiao Dong Wu ◽  
Rui Long Chen ◽  
Bo Xiao ◽  
Zhong Ying Wang
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Complex Oxide ◽  
Spring Steel ◽  
Extension Rate ◽  
High Tensile Strength ◽  
Refining Slag ◽  
Total Oxygen ◽  
Quenching Temperature ◽  
Oxide Inclusions ◽  
Strength And Plasticity

A production process of high tensile strength spring steel is discussed in this paper. Sufficient aluminum was added into ladle during tapping and barium alloy was used in late refining process. It was found that the refining slag with high basicity is strongly deoxidized after refining, with total oxygen content being less than 10×10-6 in billet. Thus, the oxide inclusions in the steel is finished the transformation during refining and some complex oxide inclusions are remarkably removed at steelmaking temperature. The tensile strength over 2.0GPa and the extension rate up to 10% are obtained for the spring steel after quenching temperature at 900oC and tempering at 410 oC. So, the strength and plasticity of the steel are improved obviously.

AFM study of the dynamics of α-alumina surface faceting during high-temperature processing

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 334-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael W. Bench ◽  
Jason R. Heffelfinger ◽  
C. Barry Carter
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Thin Foil ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Conductive Coatings ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Minimal Sample ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Formation And Evolution ◽  
High Temperature Processing ◽  
Nominal Surface

To gain a better understanding of the surface faceting that occurs in α-alumina during high temperature processing, atomic force microscopy (AFM) studies have been performed to follow the formation and evolution of the facets. AFM was chosen because it allows for analysis of topographical details down to the atomic level with minimal sample preparation. This is in contrast to SEM analysis, which typically requires the application of conductive coatings that can alter the surface between subsequent heat treatments. Similar experiments have been performed in the TEM; however, due to thin foil and hole edge effects the results may not be representative of the behavior of bulk surfaces.The AFM studies were performed on a Digital Instruments Nanoscope III using microfabricated Si3N4 cantilevers. All images were recorded in air with a nominal applied force of 10-15 nN. The alumina samples were prepared from pre-polished single crystals with (0001), , and nominal surface orientations.

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