scholarly journals Waste Pharmaceutical Blister Packages as a Source of Secondary Aluminum

JOM ◽  
2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sugam Shukla ◽  
Petteri Halli ◽  
Muhammad Kamran Khalid ◽  
Mari Lundström
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Post Processing ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Secondary Aluminum ◽  
Aluminum Recycling ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Delamination Behavior

AbstractWaste pharmaceutical blister packages (WPBs) are a source of solid waste, which are composed of plastics and aluminum, therefore acting as a potential source for secondary aluminum. The structure of WPBs makes the recycling of aluminum notably more complex than typical aluminum recycling. Currently, WBPs are disposed of as municipal solid waste; thus, aluminum is lost from the circulation during incineration. In this work, three types of WPBs were studied, each with two plastic layers and a metallic layer. Delamination of WPBs to separate aluminum and plastic(s) was investigated by using a solution of organic solvents. The effects of temperature (30–50°C), acetone to isopropanol ratio (0–100 vol.%) and different types of WPBs on delamination behavior were investigated. The results suggest that aluminum separation and recovery from WPBs is 100% at optimum conditions. Moreover, an overall indicative flowsheet for recycling and post-processing of segregated aluminum from the plastic is also suggested.

scholarly journals Status and Potential of Resource Recovery from Municipal Solid Waste in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 11-24
Author(s):  
Dhundi Raj Pathak
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Urban Poor ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Kathmandu Valley ◽  
Material Recovery ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Land Filling

Current waste management strategies are shifting from waste disposal to recycling and recovery and are considering waste as a potential new resource. This paper aims to quantify reusable and recyclable fractions with status of material recovery from municipal solid waste (MSW) in Kathmandu Valley of Nepal. 550 households, 110 institutions and 110 commercial establishments were sampled to compute the generation, composition and quantify reusable and recyclable fraction of solid waste. In addition, 120 scrap shops were surveyed randomly from Kathmandu Valley to estimate the amount of resource recovered for economic benefits. As per results, the average per capita MSW generation can be estimated at range of 0.25 kg day-1 to 0.47 kg day-1 in municipalities of Kathmandu Valley. Based on these generation rates and population for the year 2011, the total MSW generation of the five municipalities of Kathmandu Valley was estimated to be 620 metric tonnes day-1. The major content of reusable and recyclable materials in MSW comprised with an average of 44% that is equivalent to 271 metric tonnes day-1 among which only 52% (i.e. 140 metric tonnes day-1) of these materials were found to be recovered during survey. The key materials that have been recovered are papers, plastics, metals, glasses, and batteries. Recovery of reusable and recyclable materials not only helps to minimize the quantity of solid waste for land filling, but also provides a potential source of livelihood for the urban poor.

scholarly journals Emission factors for PM<sub>10</sub> and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from illegal burning of different types of municipal waste in households

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (24) ◽  
pp. 16135-16144
Author(s):  
András Hoffer ◽  
Beatrix Jancsek-Turóczi ◽  
Ádám Tóth ◽  
Gyula Kiss ◽  
Anca Naghiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Emission Factors ◽  
Municipal Waste ◽  
Particulate Emissions ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Waste Burning

Abstract. It is a common practice in developing countries and in some regions of Europe that solid wastes generated in households (e.g. plastic beverage packaging and other plastic wastes, textile wastes, fibreboards, furniture, tyres, and coloured-paper waste) are burned in wood- or coal-fired stoves during the winter months. In Europe, the types and volume of municipal waste burned in households is virtually unknown because these activities are illegal and not recorded, with the exception of a few media reports or court cases. Even though particulate emissions from illegal waste burning pose a significant hazard to human health due to the combination of excessive emission factors (EFs) and uncontrolled chemical composition, there is scarce information on the specific EFs for PM10 and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the scientific literature. In this work, controlled combustion tests were performed with 12 different types of municipal solid waste, and particulate emissions were measured and collected for chemical analysis. Absolute EFs for PM10 and PAHs as well as the benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) toxicity equivalent of the latter are reported for the first time for the indoor combustion of 12 common types of municipal solid waste that are frequently burned in households worldwide. It was found that the PM10 emission factors from the combustion of wood-based waste samples were about twice that of firewood, whereas EFs in the range of 11–82 mg g−1 (a factor of 5–40 times higher than that of dry firewood under the same conditions) were obtained for different types of plastic waste. The latter were also found to emit exceptionally high quantities of PAHs, by a factor of 50–750 more than upon the combustion of dry firewood under the same conditions. Since the more toxic 4–6 ring PAHs were predominant in the particulate emission from plastic waste burning, BaP equivalent toxicity was up to 4100 times higher than that from wood combustion.

Simulation of municipal solid waste gasification in two different types of fixed bed reactors

Fuel ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 103 ◽  
pp. 58-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chong Chen ◽  
Yu-Qi Jin ◽  
Jian-Hua Yan ◽  
Yong Chi
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactors ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Waste Gasification

scholarly journals Emission factors for PM<sub>10</sub> and PAHs from illegal burning of different types of municipal waste in households

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
András Hoffer ◽  
Beatrix Jancsek-Turóczi ◽  
Ádám Tóth ◽  
Gyula Kiss ◽  
Anca Naghiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Emission Factors ◽  
Municipal Waste ◽  
Particulate Emissions ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Media Reports ◽  
Combustion Tests ◽  
Toxicity Equivalent

Abstract. It is a common practice in the developing countries and in some regions of Europe that solid wastes generated in the households (e.g. plastic beverage packaging and other plastic wastes, textile wastes, fibreboards, furniture, tyres, and coloured paper waste) are burned in wood- or coal-fired stoves during the winter months. In Europe, the types and volume of municipal waste burned in households is virtually unknown because these activities are illegal and not recorded, with the exception of a few media reports or court cases. Even though particulate emissions from illegal waste burning pose an unprecedented hazard to human health due to the combination of excessive emission factors (EFs) and uncontrolled chemical composition, there is scarce information on the specific emission factors for PM10 and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the scientific literature. In this work, controlled combustion tests were performed with 12 different types of municipal solid waste and particulate emissions were measured and collected for chemical analysis. Absolute emission factors for PM10 and PAHs as well as the benzo(a)pyrene toxicity equivalent of the latter are reported for the first time for the indoor combustion of 12 common types of municipal solid waste that are frequently burned in households worldwide.

Comparative study on inorganic Cl removal of municipal solid waste fly ash using different types and concentrations of organic acids

Chemosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 261 ◽  
pp. 127754
Author(s):  
Xiaona Wang ◽  
Menglu Wang ◽  
Dezhi Zou ◽  
Chuanfu Wu ◽  
Teng Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Different Types
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