scholarly journals Emission factors for PM<sub>10</sub> and PAHs from illegal burning of different types of municipal waste in households

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
András Hoffer ◽  
Beatrix Jancsek-Turóczi ◽  
Ádám Tóth ◽  
Gyula Kiss ◽  
Anca Naghiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Emission Factors ◽  
Municipal Waste ◽  
Particulate Emissions ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Media Reports ◽  
Combustion Tests ◽  
Toxicity Equivalent

Abstract. It is a common practice in the developing countries and in some regions of Europe that solid wastes generated in the households (e.g. plastic beverage packaging and other plastic wastes, textile wastes, fibreboards, furniture, tyres, and coloured paper waste) are burned in wood- or coal-fired stoves during the winter months. In Europe, the types and volume of municipal waste burned in households is virtually unknown because these activities are illegal and not recorded, with the exception of a few media reports or court cases. Even though particulate emissions from illegal waste burning pose an unprecedented hazard to human health due to the combination of excessive emission factors (EFs) and uncontrolled chemical composition, there is scarce information on the specific emission factors for PM10 and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the scientific literature. In this work, controlled combustion tests were performed with 12 different types of municipal solid waste and particulate emissions were measured and collected for chemical analysis. Absolute emission factors for PM10 and PAHs as well as the benzo(a)pyrene toxicity equivalent of the latter are reported for the first time for the indoor combustion of 12 common types of municipal solid waste that are frequently burned in households worldwide.

scholarly journals Emission factors for PM<sub>10</sub> and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from illegal burning of different types of municipal waste in households

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (24) ◽  
pp. 16135-16144
Author(s):  
András Hoffer ◽  
Beatrix Jancsek-Turóczi ◽  
Ádám Tóth ◽  
Gyula Kiss ◽  
Anca Naghiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Emission Factors ◽  
Municipal Waste ◽  
Particulate Emissions ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Waste Burning

Abstract. It is a common practice in developing countries and in some regions of Europe that solid wastes generated in households (e.g. plastic beverage packaging and other plastic wastes, textile wastes, fibreboards, furniture, tyres, and coloured-paper waste) are burned in wood- or coal-fired stoves during the winter months. In Europe, the types and volume of municipal waste burned in households is virtually unknown because these activities are illegal and not recorded, with the exception of a few media reports or court cases. Even though particulate emissions from illegal waste burning pose a significant hazard to human health due to the combination of excessive emission factors (EFs) and uncontrolled chemical composition, there is scarce information on the specific EFs for PM10 and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the scientific literature. In this work, controlled combustion tests were performed with 12 different types of municipal solid waste, and particulate emissions were measured and collected for chemical analysis. Absolute EFs for PM10 and PAHs as well as the benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) toxicity equivalent of the latter are reported for the first time for the indoor combustion of 12 common types of municipal solid waste that are frequently burned in households worldwide. It was found that the PM10 emission factors from the combustion of wood-based waste samples were about twice that of firewood, whereas EFs in the range of 11–82 mg g−1 (a factor of 5–40 times higher than that of dry firewood under the same conditions) were obtained for different types of plastic waste. The latter were also found to emit exceptionally high quantities of PAHs, by a factor of 50–750 more than upon the combustion of dry firewood under the same conditions. Since the more toxic 4–6 ring PAHs were predominant in the particulate emission from plastic waste burning, BaP equivalent toxicity was up to 4100 times higher than that from wood combustion.

scholarly journals Energy Treatment of Solid Municipal Waste in Combination with Biomass by Decentralized Method with the Respect to the Negative Effects on the Environment

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 4405
Author(s):  
Miroslav Rimar ◽  
Olha Kulikova ◽  
Andrii Kulikov ◽  
Marcel Fedak
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Process Analysis ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Municipal Waste ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Combustion Properties ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Fuel Mixtures

Waste is a product of society and one of the biggest challenges for future generations is to understand how to sustainably dispose of large amounts of waste. The main objective of this study was to determine the possibility and conditions of the decentralized combustion of non-hazardous municipal waste. The analysis of the combustion properties of a mixture of wood chips and 20–30% of municipal solid waste showed an improvement in the operating parameters of the combustion process. Analysis also confirmed that the co-combustion of dirty fuels and biomass reduced the risk of releasing minerals and heavy metals from fuel into the natural environment. Approximately 55% of the heavy metals passed into the ash. The analysis of municipal solid waste and fuel mixtures containing municipal solid waste for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons showed the risk of increasing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon concentrations in flue gases.

Evaluation of the carcinogenic risk of chemicals landfill of municipal solid waste

2020 ◽  
pp. 683-683
Author(s):  
O. A. Loktionov ◽  
O. E. Kondrateva ◽  
V. V. Yushin
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Residential Development ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk ◽  
Municipal Waste ◽  
Development Zone ◽  
Protection Zone ◽  
Waste Landfill ◽  
Solid Municipal Waste

The paper assesses the carcinogenic risks from emissions of solid municipal waste landfill for the case when the residential development zone potentially falls within the boundaries of the sanitary protection zone, as well as for the normal situation when the employee of the landfill is on its territory for 8-hour shift.

scholarly journals Situation, Challenges, and Solutions of Policy Implementation on Municipal Waste Management in Vietnam toward Sustainability

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 3517
Author(s):  
Lien Thi Kim Trinh ◽  
Allen H. Hu ◽  
Song Toan Pham Phu
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Policy Implementation ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste Management ◽  
Municipal Waste ◽  
Management Policy ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste Management ◽  
Municipal Waste Management ◽  
Waste Management Policy

Municipal solid waste management is an environmental issue that has received considerable attention from researchers and environmental managers for decades. Supporting the management programs entail policies and regulations related to municipal solid waste. In developed countries, the implementation of environmental policies plays an important role and has a substantial impact on the effectiveness of solid waste management. However, in many developing countries such as Vietnam, the situation and effectiveness of the policy implementation have not been studied extensively. This investigation is conducted to ascertain the situation, limitations, and challenges in implementing solid waste management policy in Vietnam. Then, solutions for the problems and improvements for implementation efficiency are presented. This work used online questionnaires to survey environmental managers in different localities and applied qualitative research method to analyze data. The results show that not all national policies on solid waste management are implemented in all localities. Waste separation is also the foremost concern in municipal waste management in most localities of Vietnam. Most of the localities claimed that the unrealistic nature and difficult implementation of the policies and the lack of needed resources are the main limitations and challenges in Vietnam. Survey results also revealed that different localities in Vietnam have different solutions to increase policy implementation efficiency. Besides, the study also found similarities in the implementation of policies in solid waste management between Vietnam and some other countries and also gathered some valuable lessons for the improvement strategy. Finally, the implementation of an effective domestic solid waste management policy is an important platform for improving environmental quality and ensuring the sustainable development of the nation and mankind.

scholarly journals Major Elements to Consider in Developing Ammonia Emission Factor at Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) Incinerators

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 2197
Author(s):  
Seongmin Kang ◽  
Joonyoung Roh ◽  
Eui-chan Jeon
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Emission Factor ◽  
Waste Incineration ◽  
Emission Factors ◽  
Major Elements ◽  
Ammonia Emission ◽  
Nh3 Emission ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The One

NH3 is one of the major substances contributing to the secondary generation of PM2.5; therefore, management is required. In Korea, the management of NH3 is insufficient, and the emission factor used by EPA is the same as the one used when calculating emissions. In particular, waste incineration facilities do not currently calculate NH3 emissions. In the case of combustion facilities, the main ammonia emission source is the De-NOx facility, and, in the case of a power plant with a De-NOx facility, NH3 emission is calculated. Therefore, in the case of a Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) incinerator with the same facility installed, it is necessary to calculate NH3 emissions. In this study, the necessity of developing NH3 emission factors for an MSW incinerator and calculating emission was analyzed. In addition, elements to be considered when developing emission factors were analyzed. The study found that the NH3 emission factors for each MSW incinerator technology were calculated as Stoker 0.010 NH3 kg/ton and Fluidized Beds 0.004 NH3 kg/ton, which was greater than the NH3 emission factor 0.003 NH3 kg/ton for the MSW incinerator presented in EMEP/EEA (2016). As a result, it was able to identify the need for the development of NH3 emission factors in MSW incinerators in Korea. In addition, the statistical analysis of the difference between the incineration technology of MSW and the NH3 emission factor by the De-NOx facility showed a difference in terms of both incineration technology and De-NOx facilities, indicating that they should be considered together when developing the emission factor. In addition to MSW, it is believed that it will be necessary to review the development of emission factors for waste at workplaces and incineration facilities of sewage sludge.

scholarly journals Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) formation from the pyrolysis of different municipal solid waste fractions

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 136-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Zhou ◽  
Chunfei Wu ◽  
Jude A. Onwudili ◽  
Aihong Meng ◽  
Yanguo Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

Composting of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in simulated municipal solid waste

1998 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 356-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerome F. Joyce ◽  
Chikashi Sato ◽  
Raul Cardenas ◽  
Rao Y. Surampalli
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

scholarly journals Environmental assessment of the state of municipal solid waste management in the city of Uman

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (98) ◽  
pp. 104-111
Author(s):  
A. V. Balabak ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste Management ◽  
Anaerobic Fermentation ◽  
Municipal Waste ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste Management ◽  
Residential Sector ◽  
Msw Management ◽  
The City

The study of municipal solid waste management was carried out on the example of the city of Uman, the features of the municipal waste collection were considered. One of the promising utilization methods of the municipal waste organic component is proposed — anaerobic fermentation with subsequent composting of the resulting products. Urban population growth, industrialization, urbanization and economic prosperity lead to an increase in municipal solid waste (MSW). The aim of the work was to consider the characteristics of municipal solid waste management using the example of the city of Uman; inspect the features of collecting municipal waste; consider a separate collection system; identify problems and possible solutions. According to the statistics of Uman city council, 73-75 tons of municipal waste per day are delivered to the landfill. The control is carried out on the composition of the waste entering the landfill. Sorting takes place using a sorting line, which was put into operation in October 2016. Removal of municipal solid waste from the residential sector is carried out according to the schedule. The waste from the private sector of the city is removed during the day. Transportation (transport) of municipal waste is carried out by specially equipped vehicles. On the plots of the private residential sector, the collection of municipal waste is carried out by containerless and container methods. The containerless method is used in those areas of private building, where the possibility of the garbage truck's driving and its maneuvering are limited. Analysis of the current state of municipal solid waste management in the city of Uman showed that the main reasons for the increase in the volume of environmental pollution due to municipal solid waste is the lack of a high-quality management system in the field of MSW management, and especially the outdated waste collection and transportation scheme. The state of MSW management does not meet modern requirements. At the landfill, as a result of the introduction of the technology for the production of biogas from municipal solid waste, it is possible to obtain marketable products — biogas and compost. The city can receive income from the use of biogas as an alternative source of energy for heating buildings or from its consuming by the population. For the city of Uman, the volume of biogas formation at the MSW landfill in 2018 would have amounted to 5,441,280 m3, and in 2019 – 5,424,930 m3.Thus, it is possible to obtain significant volumes of biogas for the production of both heat and electricity. As a result of the study, recommendations were developed to improve the system for collecting municipal waste in the city of Uman. One of the promising utilization methods of the municipal waste organic component in the city of Uman is anaerobic fermentation followed by composting of the resulting products.

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