Early-Life Exposure to Substance Abuse and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in Adulthood

Background: Early-life exposure to the Chinese famine has been related to the risk of obesity, type 2 diabetes, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease later in life. Nevertheless, the long-term impact of famine exposure on metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), a recently proposed term to describe liver disease associated with known metabolic dysfunction, remains unknown. The aim of our study was to explore the relationship between early famine exposure and MAFLD in adulthood. Methods: A total of 26,821 participants (10,994 men, 15,827 women) were recruited from a cohort study of Chinese adults in Shanghai. We categorized participants into four famine exposure subgroups based on the birth year as nonexposed (1963–1967), fetal-exposed (1959–1962), childhood-exposed (1949–1958), and adolescence-exposed (1941–1948). MAFLD was defined as liver steatosis detected by ultrasound plus one of the following three criteria: overweight/obesity, type 2 diabetes, or evidence of metabolic dysregulation. Multivariable logistic regression models were performed to examine the association between famine exposure and MAFLD. Results: The mean ± standard deviation age of the participants was 60.8 ± 6.8 years. The age-adjusted prevalence of MAFLD was 38.3, 40.8, 40.1, and 36.5% for the nonexposed, fetal-exposed, childhood-exposed, and adolescence-exposed subgroups, respectively. Compared with nonexposed participants, fetal-exposed participants showed an increased risk of adulthood MAFLD (OR = 1.10, 95% CI 1.00–1.21). The significant association between fetal famine exposure and MAFLD was observed in women (OR = 1.22, 95% CI 1.08–1.37), but not in men (OR = 0.88, 95% CI 0.75–1.03). In age-balanced analyses combining pre-famine and post-famine births as the reference, women exposed to famine in the fetal stage still had an increased risk of MAFLD (OR = 1.15, 95% CI 1.05–1.26). Conclusions: Prenatal exposure to famine showed a sex-specific association with the risk of MAFLD in adulthood.

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Examining the impact of mental disease on type 2 diabetes outcomes: results from the EpiChron Cohort

European Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1093/eurpub/ckaa165.819 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽

Author(s):

I Guerrero Fernández de Alba ◽

A Gimeno-Miguel ◽

B Poblador Plou ◽

K Bliek Bueno ◽

J Carmona Pirez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Substance Abuse ◽

Early Detection ◽

Health Outcomes ◽

Emergency Room ◽

Mental Disease ◽

Emergency Room Visits ◽

Mental Diseases ◽

The Impact

Abstract Background Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) is often accompanied by other chronic diseases, including mental diseases (MD). This work aimed at studying MD prevalence in T2D patients and analyse its impact on T2D health outcomes. Methods Retrospective, observational study of individuals of the EpiChron Cohort aged 18 and over with prevalent T2D at baseline (2011) in Aragón, Spain (n = 63,365). Participants were categorized by the existence or absence of MD, defined as the presence of depression, anxiety, schizophrenia or substance abuse. MD prevalence was calculated, and a logistic regression model was performed to analyse the likelihood of the four studied health outcomes (4-year all-cause mortality, all-cause hospitalization, T2D-hospitalization, and emergency room visits) based on the presence of each type of MD, after adjusting by age, sex and number of comorbidities. Results Mental diseases were observed in 19% of T2D patients, with depression being the most frequent condition, especially in women (20.7% vs. 7.57%). Mortality risk was significantly higher in patients with MD (odds ratio -OR- 1.24; 95% confidence interval -CI- 1.16-1.31), especially in those with substance abuse (OR 2.18; 95% CI 1.84-2.57) and schizophrenia (OR 1.82; 95% CI 1.50-2.21). The presence of MD also increased the risk of T2D-hospitalization (OR 1.51; 95% CI 1.18-1.93), emergency room visits (OR 1.26; 95% CI 1.21-1.32) and all-cause hospitalization (OR 1.16; 95% CI 1.10-1.23). Conclusions The high prevalence of MD among T2D patients, and its association with health outcomes, underscores the importance of providing integrated, person-centred care and early detection of comorbid mental diseases in T2D patients to improve disease management and health outcomes. Key messages Comprehensive care of T2D should include specific strategies for prevention, early detection, and management of comorbidities, especially mental disorders, in order to reduce their impact on health. Substance abuse was the mental disease with the highest risk of T2D-hospitalization, emergency room visits and all-cause hospitalization.

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The effect of mid-life insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes on older-age cognitive state: the explanatory role of early-life advantage

Diabetologia ◽

10.1007/s00125-019-4949-3 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 62 (10) ◽

pp. 1891-1900

Author(s):

Sarah-Naomi James ◽

Andrew Wong ◽

Therese Tillin ◽

Rebecca Hardy ◽

Nishi Chaturvedi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Early Life ◽

Older Age ◽

Cognitive State ◽

Explanatory Role

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The association of early life socioeconomic conditions with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes: results from the Maastricht study

International Journal for Equity in Health ◽

10.1186/s12939-017-0553-7 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Ivonne P. M. Derks ◽

Annemarie Koster ◽

Miranda T. Schram ◽

Coen D. A. Stehouwer ◽

Pieter C. Dagnelie ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Early Life ◽

Socioeconomic Conditions

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Association between famine exposure in early life and type 2 diabetes mellitus and hyperglycemia in adulthood: Results from the China Health And Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS)

Journal of Diabetes ◽

10.1111/1753-0407.12653 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (9) ◽

pp. 724-733 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Yanxin Sun ◽

Longfei Zhang ◽

Wenhou Duan ◽

Xin Meng ◽

Chongqi Jia

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Longitudinal Study ◽

Early Life ◽

Famine Exposure

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T2DM: Why Epigenetics?

Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism ◽

10.1155/2011/647514 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 2011 ◽

pp. 1-17 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Delphine Fradin ◽

Pierre Bougnères

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Environmental Factors ◽

Early Life ◽

Time Dependent ◽

Phenotypic Traits ◽

To Come ◽

Genetic And Environmental Factors

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disorder influenced by interactions between genetic and environmental factors. Epigenetics conveys specific environmental influences into phenotypic traits through a variety of mechanisms that are often installed in early life, then persist in differentiated tissues with the power to modulate the expression of many genes, although undergoing time-dependent alterations. There is still no evidence that epigenetics contributes significantly to the causes or transmission of T2DM from one generation to another, thus, to the current environment-driven epidemics, but it has become so likely, as pointed out in this paper, that one can expect an efflorescence of epigenetic knowledge about T2DM in times to come.

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Associations between early-life food deprivation during World War II and risk of hypertension and type 2 diabetes at adulthood

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-020-62576-w ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Julia Mink ◽

Marie-Christine Boutron-Ruault ◽

Marie-Aline Charles ◽

Olivier Allais ◽

Guy Fagherazzi

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

World War Ii ◽

Food Deprivation ◽

Early Life ◽

World War

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Food contaminants and programming of type 2 diabetes: recent findings from animal studies

Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease ◽

10.1017/s2040174416000210 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 7 (5) ◽

pp. 505-512 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

S. Firmin ◽

N. Bahi-Jaber ◽

L. Abdennebi-Najar

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Early Life ◽

Animal Studies ◽

Cell Mass ◽

Later Life ◽

Adult Health ◽

Food Contaminants ◽

Insulin Synthesis ◽

Increased Risk

It is now accepted that the way our health evolves with aging is intimately linked to the quality of our early life. The present review highlights the emerging data of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease field on developmental disruption by toxicants and their subsequent effect on type 2 diabetes. We report adverse neonatal effects of several food contaminants during pregnancy and lactation, among them bisphenol A, chlorpyrifos, perfluorinated chemicals on pancreas integrity and functionality in later life. The described alterations, in conjunction with disruption of β cell mass in early life, can lead to dysregulation of glucose metabolism, insulin synthesis, which facilitates the development of insulin resistance and progression of diabetes in the adult. Despite limited and often inconclusive epidemiologic and experimental data, more recent data clearly show that infants appear to be at increased risk of type 2 diabetes in later life. This may be a result of continued exposure to chemical food contaminants during the critical window of pancreas development. In societies already burdened with increased incidence of non-communicable chronic diseases, there is a clear need for information regarding the potential harmful effects of chemical food contaminants on adult health diseases.

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