scholarly journals T2DM: Why Epigenetics?

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Delphine Fradin ◽  
Pierre Bougnères
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
To Come ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disorder influenced by interactions between genetic and environmental factors. Epigenetics conveys specific environmental influences into phenotypic traits through a variety of mechanisms that are often installed in early life, then persist in differentiated tissues with the power to modulate the expression of many genes, although undergoing time-dependent alterations. There is still no evidence that epigenetics contributes significantly to the causes or transmission of T2DM from one generation to another, thus, to the current environment-driven epidemics, but it has become so likely, as pointed out in this paper, that one can expect an efflorescence of epigenetic knowledge about T2DM in times to come.

scholarly journals Role of Epigenetics in the Pathogenesis and Management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 20-28
Author(s):  
Tajudeen Yahaya
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Epigenetic Modifications ◽  
Insulin Biosynthesis ◽  
Epigenetic Changes ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors

The need to reverse the growing incidence and burden of diabetes mellitus (DM) worldwide has led to more studies on the possible causes of the disease. Genetic and environmental factors had long been suspected in the pathogenesis of a form of the disease known as the Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, more recent studies suggest epigenetic changes could also be involved in the onset of the disease. This review highlights the role of epigenetic modifications in the pathogenesis and management of T2DM. Peer reviewed studies on the subject were retrieved from reputable sources over the internet, and the majority of the studies unanimously implicated epigenetic modifications in the pathogenesis of some cases of the disease. DNA methylation, histone modification and microRNAs mediated pathways were observed to be the main mechanisms of epigenetic changes. These mechanisms are triggered by certain environmental factors such as diets, microbial and pollutant exposure, lifestyles, among others, prior to the onset of T2DM. Epigenetic changes can modify the expressions and functions of certain genes involved in insulin biosynthesis and glucose metabolism, leading to hyperglycemia and insulin resistance, which are hallmarks of T2DM. Fortunately, epigenetic changes can be reversed by blocking or activating the modulating enzymes, thus if the epigenetic aetiology of a diabetic condition is identified, it can be used as a therapeutic strategy.

scholarly journals Association of Genetic Polymorphisms in MicroRNAs With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in a Chinese Population

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zaihan Zhu ◽  
Yanfen Zhang ◽  
Ruocen Bai ◽  
Ru Yang ◽  
Zhongyan Shan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Insulin Signaling ◽  
Chinese Population ◽  
Interaction Effects ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms

IntroductionMicroRNAs (miRNA) involved in the insulin signaling pathways deeply affect the pathogenesis of T2DM. The aim of this study was to assess the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) of the related miRNAs (let-7f rs10877887, let-7a-1 rs13293512, miR-133a-1 rs8089787, miR-133a-2 rs13040413, and miR-27a rs895819) and susceptibility to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and its possible mechanisms.MethodsFive SNPs in miRNAs (let-7f rs10877887, let-7a-1 rs13293512, miR-133a-1 rs8089787, miR-133a-2 rs13040413, and miR-27a rs895819) involved in the insulin signaling pathways were selected and genotyped in a case-control study that enrolled 371 T2DM patients and 381 non-diabetic controls. The individual SNP association analyses, interaction analyses of SNP-SNP, SNP-environmental factors were performed. The effect the risk-associated polymorphism on regulating its mature miRNA expression was also evaluated.ResultsIn overall analyses, miR-133a-2 rs13040413 and let-7a-1 rs13293512 were related to the susceptibility to T2DM. In stratified analyses, miR-133a-2 rs13040413, let-7a-1 rs13293512 and miR-27a rs895819 showed associations with T2DM in the age ≥ 60 years subgroup. Moreover, let-7a-1 rs13293512 and miR-27a rs895819 showed associations with T2DM in male subgroup. In SNP-environmental factors interaction analyses, there were interaction effects of miR-133a-2 rs13040413 with dyslipidemia, let-7a-1 rs13293512 with smoking, and let-7a-1 rs13293512 with dyslipidemia on T2DM. In SNP-SNP interaction analyses, there were also interaction effects of miR-133a-1 rs8089787 with let-7a-1 rs13293512, and miR-133a-1 rs8089787 with let-7f rs10877887 on T2DM. Furthermore, for miR-133a-2 rs13040413, the variant T allele showed a trend toward decreased miR-133a expression in comparison with the wild C allele. For let-7a-1 rs13293512, the variant C allele expressed a lower let-7a compared to the wild T allele.ConclusionMiRNAs polymorphisms involved in the insulin signaling pathways and the interaction effects of SNP-SNP, SNP-environmental factors were related to T2DM susceptibility in a Chinese population.

scholarly journals Can Epigenetics of Endothelial Dysfunction Represent the Key to Precision Medicine in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus?

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
pp. 2949 ◽  
Author(s):  
Celeste Coco ◽  
Luca Sgarra ◽  
Maria Assunta Potenza ◽  
Carmela Nacci ◽  
Barbara Pasculli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Precision Medicine ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Transcriptional Responses

In both developing and industrialized Countries, the growing prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and the severity of its related complications make T2DM one of the most challenging metabolic diseases worldwide. The close relationship between genetic and environmental factors suggests that eating habits and unhealthy lifestyles may significantly affect metabolic pathways, resulting in dynamic modifications of chromatin-associated proteins and homeostatic transcriptional responses involved in the progression of T2DM. Epigenetic mechanisms may be implicated in the complex processes linking environmental factors to genetic predisposition to metabolic disturbances, leading to obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Endothelial dysfunction represents an earlier marker and an important player in the development of this disease. Dysregulation of the endothelial ability to produce and release vasoactive mediators is recognized as the initial feature of impaired vascular activity under obesity and other insulin resistance conditions and undoubtedly concurs to the accelerated progression of atherosclerotic lesions and overall cardiovascular risk in T2DM patients. This review aims to summarize the most current knowledge regarding the involvement of epigenetic changes associated with endothelial dysfunction in T2DM, in order to identify potential targets that might contribute to pursuing “precision medicine” in the context of diabetic illness.

58 TIME-DEPENDENT EFFECTS OF FREE FATTY ACIDS (FFA) ON GLUCOSE EFFECTIVENESS IN TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS.

2004 ◽  
Vol 52 (Suppl 2) ◽  
pp. S387.1-S387
Author(s):  
J. Tonelli ◽  
P. Kishore ◽  
D. Stein ◽  
H. Shamoon ◽  
M. Hawkins
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Glucose Effectiveness

scholarly journals Association analysis of SOCS3, JAK2 and STAT3 gene polymorphisms and genetic susceptibility to type 2 diabetes mellitus in Chinese population

2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Zhang ◽  
Chunwen Lin ◽  
Rong Chen ◽  
Ling Luo ◽  
Jialu Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Genetic Susceptibility ◽  
Frequency Distribution ◽  
Chinese Population ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Chi Square Test

Abstract Aim The association of polymorphisms in the three genes of SOCS3, JAK2 and STAT3 with genetic susceptibility to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) was explored, and its interaction with environmental factors such as hypertension and triglycerides was analyzed. Methods The Hardy–Weinberg balance test was used to analyze the random balance of genes in the population. The analysis of the association of SNPs with T2DM was performed using Pearson’s chi-square test. Haplotype frequency distribution, SNPs-SNPs interaction and environmental factors were analyzed by chi-square test and logistic regression. Results The genotype distribution of SNPs rs2280148 of the SOCS3 gene was statistically significant. The allele frequency distribution of SNPs (rs4969168/rs2280148) was statistically different. After covariate correction, the SOCS3 gene locus (rs4969168) showed an association with T2DM in additive model, while the rs2280148 locus showed an association with T2DM in all three models. The locus (rs10974914/rs10815157) allele and genotype frequency distribution of JAK2 were statistically significant. After covariate correction, two SNPs in the gene showed association with T2DM in both additive and recessive models. The distribution of genotype frequencies of SNPs rs1053005 locus in gene STAT3 was statistically significant between the two groups. In recessive genetic models, rs1053005 locus polymorphisms was associated with T2DM. Haplotype S3 (G G)/S 4 (G T) of the SOCS3 gene as well as haplotype J2 (A G)/J 3 (G C) of the JAK2 gene were closely associated with T2DM. There was an interaction between SNPs rs4969168 and SNPs rs2280148 in the SOCS3 gene. There was an interaction between the SOCS3, JAK2 and STAT3 genes and hypertension/triglycerides. Conclusion The SOCS3 and JAK2 genes may be associated with T2DM in the Chinese population, in which SNPs carrying the A allele (rs4969168)/G allele (rs2280148)/C allele (rs10815157) have a reduced risk of T2DM. Haplotype S3 (G G)/S 4 (G T) of the SOCS3 gene and haplotype J2 (A G)/J 3 (G C) of the JAK2 gene may be influencing factor for T2DM. The interaction between SNPs rs4969168 and SNPs rs2280148 increases the risk of T2DM. Hypertension and triglycerides may interact with SNPs of T2DM susceptibility genes.

scholarly journals Early Life Factors and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinli Jiang ◽  
Huijie Ma ◽  
Yan Wang ◽  
Yan Liu
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Animal Experiments ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Early Life Factors

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a multifactorial disease, and its aetiology involves a complex interplay between genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors. In recent years, evidences from both human and animal experiments have correlated early life factors with programming diabetes risk in adult life. Fetal and neonatal period is crucial for organ development. Many maternal factors during pregnancy may increase the risk of diabetes of offsprings in later life, which include malnutrition, healthy (hyperglycemia and obesity), behavior (smoking, drinking, and junk food diet), hormone administration, and even stress. In neonates, catch-up growth, lactation, glucocorticoids administration, and stress have all been found to increase the risk of insulin resistance or T2DM. Unfavorable environments (socioeconomic situation and famine) or obesity also has long-term negative effects on children by causing increased susceptibility to T2DM in adults. We also address the potential mechanisms that may underlie the developmental programming of T2DM. Therefore, it might be possible to prevent or delay the risk for T2DM by improving pre- and/or postnatal factors.

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