The Preeminence of Early Life Trauma as a Risk Factor for Worsened Long-Term Health Outcomes in Women

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nils C. Westfall ◽  
Charles. B. Nemeroff
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Early Life Trauma

Lifestyle intervention strategies in early life to improve pregnancy outcomes and long-term health of offspring: a narrative review

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 314-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Romy Gaillard ◽  
John Wright ◽  
Vincent W.V. Jaddoe
Keyword(s):  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Postnatal Period ◽  
Modifiable Risk Factors ◽  
Lifestyle Interventions ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Offspring Health

AbstractAdverse exposures during fetal life and the postnatal period influence physical, cognitive and emotional development, and predispose to an increased risk of various chronic diseases throughout the life course. Findings from large observational studies in various populations and experimental animal studies have identified different modifiable risk factors in early life. Adverse maternal lifestyle factors, including overweight, unhealthy diet, sedentary behavior, smoking, alcohol consumption and stress in the preconception period and during pregnancy, are the most common modifiable risk factors leading to a suboptimal in-utero environment for fetal development. In the postnatal period, breastfeeding, infant growth and infant dietary intake are important modifiable factors influencing long-term offspring health outcomes. Despite the large amount of findings from observational studies, translation to lifestyle interventions seems to be challenging. Currently, randomized controlled trials focused on the influence of lifestyle interventions in these critical periods on short-term and long-term maternal and offspring health outcomes are scarce, have major limitations and do not show strong effects on maternal and offspring outcomes. New and innovative approaches are needed to move from describing these causes of ill-health to start tackling them using intervention approaches. Future randomized controlled lifestyle intervention studies and innovative observational studies, using quasi-experimental designs, are needed focused on the effects of an integrated lifestyle advice from preconception onwards on pregnancy outcomes and long-term health outcomes in offspring on a population level.

Men’s experiences of early life trauma and pathways into long-term homelessness

2018 ◽  
Vol 80 ◽  
pp. 216-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Woodhall-Melnik ◽  
James R. Dunn ◽  
Stephen Svenson ◽  
Caroline Patterson ◽  
Flora I. Matheson
Keyword(s):  
Early Life ◽  
Early Life Trauma

scholarly journals Early life trauma leads to violent behavior and its inheritance by impairing local thyroid hormone availability in brain

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arpita Konar ◽  
Rohit Singh Rawat ◽  
Aksheev Bhambri ◽  
Muneesh Pal ◽  
Avishek Roy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Violent Behavior ◽  
Epigenetic Programming ◽  
Gene Ablation ◽  
Aberrant Form ◽  
Early Life Trauma ◽  
Detrimental Impact

Violent behavior is an aberrant form of aggression that has detrimental impact on health and society. Early life trauma triggers adulthood violence and criminality, though molecular mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we provide brain region specific transcriptome profiles of peripubertal stress (PPS) exposed adult violent male and resilient female mice. We identify transthyretin (TTR) as a key regulator of PPS induced violent behavior and its intergenerational inheritance. TTR mediated long-term perturbation in hypothalamic thyroid hormone (TH) availability contributed to male violent behavior without affecting circulating hormone. Ttr gene ablation in hypothalamus impaired local TH signaling including levels of TH transporters (Mct8, Oatp1c1), deiodinase 2 (DIO2) and TH responsive genes (Nrgn, Trh and Hr). Violent behavior and impaired TTR-TH signaling was also inherited in F1 male progenies. Further, we deciphered Ttr promoter hyper methylation in hypothalamus of violent males across generations. Our findings reveal that trauma during puberty trigger lasting violent behavior by epigenetic programming of TTR and consequent impaired local thyroid availability in brain. TTR-TH signaling in hypothalamus can serve as potential target in reversal of violent behavior.

scholarly journals High to low, low to high: neighbourhood socioeconomic trajectories and birth outcomes

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
L Burgos Ochoa ◽  
L C M Bertens ◽  
E A P Steegers ◽  
J V Been
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Birth Outcomes ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Low Ses ◽  
Adverse Birth Outcomes ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background A growing body of literature has consistently linked neighbourhood socioeconomic status (SES) with adverse birth outcomes. However, the available evidence is based on cross-sectional indicators of neighbourhood SES, which fail to reflect neighbourhoods' dynamic nature. The objective of this study was to explore the relationship between temporal trajectories of neighbourhood socioeconomic change and adverse birth outcomes. Methods The study population consisted of registered singleton births occurred in the Netherlands 2003-2017 between 24 and 41 weeks of gestation (N = 2,335,449). Based on neighbourhood socioeconomic data from The Netherlands Institute for Social Research, we categorized neighbourhoods into longitudinal SES trajectories (e.g. stable, declining, ascending). Multilevel logistic regression models were used to estimate the relationship between neighbourhood SES trajectories and birth outcomes, i.e., preterm birth and small-for-gestational-age (SGA). Results Living in a Stable Low SES neighbourhood was associated with higher odds of preterm birth (OR[CI]=1.10[1.06; 1.14]), and SGA (OR[CI]=1.15[1.12; 1.18]), compared to living in Stable High SES areas. Also, women living in a Declining (Middle to Low SES) neighbourhood had higher odds for preterm birth (OR = 1.08[1.03; 1.14]) and SGA (OR = 1.10 [1.06; 1.15]), compared to Stable High SES areas. Conclusions Women from neighbourhoods with long-term low or declining SES were more likely to experience adverse birth outcomes. Policies aimed at mitigating the effect of long-term neighbourhood disadvantage or preventing neighbourhoods' decline have potential to benefit early life health outcomes. Key messages Women living in long-term low or declining socioeconomic status neighbourhoods were more likely to experience adverse birth outcomes. Our results can provide guidance to policies aimed at improving early life health outcomes.

scholarly journals Exposure to maternal distress in childhood and cortisol activity in young adulthood

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 570-576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole E. Mahrer ◽  
Linda J. Luecken ◽  
Sharlene A. Wolchik ◽  
Jenn-Yun Tein ◽  
Irwin N. Sandler
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Maternal Distress ◽  
Late Childhood ◽  
Cortisol Response ◽  
Total Cortisol

Dysregulated cortisol is a risk factor for poor health outcomes. Children of distressed mothers exhibit dysregulated cortisol, yet it is unclear whether maternal distress predicts cortisol activity in later developmental stages. This longitudinal study examined the prospective relation between maternal distress during late childhood (9–12 years) and adolescence (15–19 years) and cortisol response in offspring in young adulthood (24–28 years). Data were collected from 51 recently divorced mothers and their children across 15 years. Higher maternal distress during late childhood was associated with lower total cortisol independent of levels of maternal distress in adolescence or young adulthood. Maternal distress during adolescence marginally predicted blunted cortisol when distress in childhood was low. Findings suggest that blunted cortisol activity in young adulthood may be a long-term consequence of exposure to maternal distress earlier in development.

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