scholarly journals High to low, low to high: neighbourhood socioeconomic trajectories and birth outcomes

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
L Burgos Ochoa ◽  
L C M Bertens ◽  
E A P Steegers ◽  
J V Been
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Birth Outcomes ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Low Ses ◽  
Adverse Birth Outcomes ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background A growing body of literature has consistently linked neighbourhood socioeconomic status (SES) with adverse birth outcomes. However, the available evidence is based on cross-sectional indicators of neighbourhood SES, which fail to reflect neighbourhoods' dynamic nature. The objective of this study was to explore the relationship between temporal trajectories of neighbourhood socioeconomic change and adverse birth outcomes. Methods The study population consisted of registered singleton births occurred in the Netherlands 2003-2017 between 24 and 41 weeks of gestation (N = 2,335,449). Based on neighbourhood socioeconomic data from The Netherlands Institute for Social Research, we categorized neighbourhoods into longitudinal SES trajectories (e.g. stable, declining, ascending). Multilevel logistic regression models were used to estimate the relationship between neighbourhood SES trajectories and birth outcomes, i.e., preterm birth and small-for-gestational-age (SGA). Results Living in a Stable Low SES neighbourhood was associated with higher odds of preterm birth (OR[CI]=1.10[1.06; 1.14]), and SGA (OR[CI]=1.15[1.12; 1.18]), compared to living in Stable High SES areas. Also, women living in a Declining (Middle to Low SES) neighbourhood had higher odds for preterm birth (OR = 1.08[1.03; 1.14]) and SGA (OR = 1.10 [1.06; 1.15]), compared to Stable High SES areas. Conclusions Women from neighbourhoods with long-term low or declining SES were more likely to experience adverse birth outcomes. Policies aimed at mitigating the effect of long-term neighbourhood disadvantage or preventing neighbourhoods' decline have potential to benefit early life health outcomes. Key messages Women living in long-term low or declining socioeconomic status neighbourhoods were more likely to experience adverse birth outcomes. Our results can provide guidance to policies aimed at improving early life health outcomes.

scholarly journals Shedding light on maternal sunlight exposure during pregnancy and considerations for public health policy

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 112-118
Author(s):  
Peter Anto Johnson ◽  
John Christy Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Policy ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Birth Outcomes ◽  
Public Health Policy ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Sunlight Exposure ◽  
Adverse Birth Outcomes ◽  
Exposure During Pregnancy

Sunlight exposure during pregnancy could be implicated in the physiological development and growth of the fetus, as well as long-term health after birth. Although several studies suggest the involvement of ultraviolet radiation-mediated vitamin D synthesis, current knowledge regarding the effects of sunlight exposure during pregnancy remains limited. We aimed to (i) summarize the existing body of research studying the influence of sunlight exposure on fetal growth-related birth outcomes and long-term health outcomes and (ii) determine its implications for therapeutics and public health policy. Of the studies identified on birth outcomes, the majority (5/8) demonstrated an association between sunlight exposure and reduced adverse birth outcomes (e.g., low birth weight, preterm births, small for gestational age, etc.), 2/8 studies showed no association, and 1/8 suggested a negative association between sunlight exposure and reduction of these adverse birth outcomes. Of the studies examining long-term health outcomes, sunlight exposure during pregnancy was shown to promote skeletal growth and development (2/6), and reduce the incidence of multiple sclerosis (2/6), asthma (2/6) and pneumonia (1/6). However, several of these studies used different methodologies and populations making it difficult to compare and integrate findings. Based on these results, we examined: the importance of exposure at different stages of pregnancy, proposed mechanisms by which sunlight exposure could lead to optimal outcomes, epidemiological differences influencing the findings, and necessary practical considerations prior to the implementation of public health policy recommendations. While these findings are promising, more rigorous research is warranted to support these recommendations.

scholarly journals Mass incarceration and public health: the association between black jail incarceration and adverse birth outcomes among black women in Louisiana

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren Dyer ◽  
Rachel Hardeman ◽  
Dovile Vilda ◽  
Katherine Theall ◽  
Maeve Wallace
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Black Women ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Racial Disparities ◽  
Population Health ◽  
Birth Outcomes ◽  
Mass Incarceration ◽  
Interquartile Range ◽  
Adverse Birth Outcomes

Abstract Background A growing body of evidence is beginning to highlight how mass incarceration shapes inequalities in population health. Non-Hispanic blacks are disproportionately affected by incarceration and criminal law enforcement, an enduring legacy of a racially-biased criminal justice system with broad health implications for black families and communities. Louisiana has consistently maintained one of the highest rates of black incarceration in the nation. Concurrently, large racial disparities in population health persist. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of all births among non-Hispanic black women in Louisiana in 2014 to identify associations between parish-level (county equivalent) prevalence of jail incarceration within the black population and adverse birth outcomes (N = 23,954). We fit a log-Poisson model with generalized estimating equations to approximate the relative risk of preterm birth and low birth weight associated with an interquartile range increase in incarceration, controlling for confounders. In sensitivity analyses, we additionally adjusted for the parish-level index crime prevalence and analyzed regression models wherein white incarceration was used to predict the risk of adverse birth outcomes in order to quantify the degree to which mass incarceration may harm health above and beyond living in a high crime area. Results There was a significant 3% higher risk of preterm birth among black women associated with an interquartile range increase in the parish-level incarceration prevalence of black individuals, independent of other factors. Adjusting for the prevalence of index crimes did not substantively change the results of the models. Conclusion Due to the positive significant associations between the prevalence of black individuals incarcerated in Louisiana jails and estimated risk of preterm birth, mass incarceration may be an underlying cause of the persistent inequities in reproductive health outcomes experienced by black women in Louisiana. Not only are there economic and social impacts stemming from mass incarceration, but there may also be implications for population health and health inequities, including the persistence of racial disparities in preterm birth and low birth weight.

scholarly journals Socioeconomic Status and Long-Term Care Provision to Parents in Japan

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 725-725
Author(s):  
Yoko Ibuka ◽  
Yui Ohtsu
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
Living Condition ◽  
Care Provision ◽  
Burden Of Care ◽  
Care Needs ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Japanese Adults ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Socioeconomic status (SES) is generating considerable interest in terms of health of individuals, but how it is associated with long-term care has not been established yet. We study the relationship between SES and long-term care provision to parents among the Japanese adults using JSTAR. We use the following six measures of SES for the analysis: income, asset, expenditure, living condition, housing condition and education. We find a greater probability of care provision to parents among those in higher SES categories for some SES measures, compared to the lowest category. However, after considering the survival probability of parents, the relationship is reversed and the probability of care provision is found to be greater among lower SES individuals. The association is more pronounced among males. The association is likely to be partly mediated by care needs of parents. These results suggest a higher burden of care disproportionately falls in low SES individuals.

Intertemporal impulsivity can also arise from persistent failure of long-term plans

2017 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nisheeth Srivastava ◽  
Narayanan Srinivasan
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Social Utility ◽  
Low Ses ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Planning And Control ◽  
Intertemporal Discounting ◽  
And Control ◽  
Control Failures

AbstractWe suggest that steep intertemporal discounting in individuals of low socioeconomic status (SES) may arise as a rational metacognitive adaptation to experiencing planning and control failures in long-term plans. Low SES individuals' plans fail more frequently because they operate close to budgetary boundaries, in turn because they consistently operate with limited budgets of money, status, trust, or other forms of social utility.

scholarly journals Maternal exposure to airborne polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and risk of adverse birth outcomes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ane Bungum Kofoed ◽  
Laura Deen ◽  
Karin Sørig Hougaard ◽  
Kajsa Ugelvig Petersen ◽  
Harald William Meyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Polychlorinated Biphenyls ◽  
Birth Outcomes ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Small For Gestational Age ◽  
Maternal Exposure ◽  
Adverse Birth Outcomes ◽  
Secondary Sex Ratio

AbstractHuman health effects of airborne lower-chlorinated polychlorinated biphenyls (LC-PCBs) are largely unexplored. Since PCBs may cross the placenta, maternal exposure could potentially have negative consequences for fetal development. We aimed to determine if exposure to airborne PCB during pregnancy was associated with adverse birth outcomes. In this cohort study, exposed women had lived in PCB contaminated apartments at least one year during the 3.6 years before conception or the entire first trimester of pregnancy. The women and their children were followed for birth outcomes in Danish health registers. Logistic regression was performed to estimate odds ratios (OR) for changes in secondary sex ratio, preterm birth, major congenital malformations, cryptorchidism, and being born small for gestational age. We performed linear regression to estimate difference in birth weight among children of exposed and unexposed mothers. All models were adjusted for maternal age, educational level, ethnicity, and calendar time. We identified 885 exposed pregnancies and 3327 unexposed pregnancies. Relative to unexposed women, exposed women had OR 0.97 (95% CI 0.82, 1.15) for secondary sex ratio, OR 1.13 (95% CI 0.76, 1.67) for preterm birth, OR 1.28 (95% CI 0.81, 2.01) for having a child with major malformations, OR 1.73 (95% CI 1.01, 2.95) for cryptorchidism and OR 1.23 (95% CI 0.88, 1.72) for giving birth to a child born small for gestational age. The difference in birth weight for children of exposed compared to unexposed women was − 32 g (95% CI—79, 14). We observed an increased risk of cryptorchidism among boys after maternal airborne LC-PCB exposure, but due to the proxy measure of exposure, inability to perform dose–response analyses, and the lack of comparable literature, larger cohort studies with direct measures of exposure are needed to investigate the safety of airborne LC-PCB exposure during pregnancy

Lifestyle intervention strategies in early life to improve pregnancy outcomes and long-term health of offspring: a narrative review

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 314-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Romy Gaillard ◽  
John Wright ◽  
Vincent W.V. Jaddoe
Keyword(s):  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Postnatal Period ◽  
Modifiable Risk Factors ◽  
Lifestyle Interventions ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Offspring Health

AbstractAdverse exposures during fetal life and the postnatal period influence physical, cognitive and emotional development, and predispose to an increased risk of various chronic diseases throughout the life course. Findings from large observational studies in various populations and experimental animal studies have identified different modifiable risk factors in early life. Adverse maternal lifestyle factors, including overweight, unhealthy diet, sedentary behavior, smoking, alcohol consumption and stress in the preconception period and during pregnancy, are the most common modifiable risk factors leading to a suboptimal in-utero environment for fetal development. In the postnatal period, breastfeeding, infant growth and infant dietary intake are important modifiable factors influencing long-term offspring health outcomes. Despite the large amount of findings from observational studies, translation to lifestyle interventions seems to be challenging. Currently, randomized controlled trials focused on the influence of lifestyle interventions in these critical periods on short-term and long-term maternal and offspring health outcomes are scarce, have major limitations and do not show strong effects on maternal and offspring outcomes. New and innovative approaches are needed to move from describing these causes of ill-health to start tackling them using intervention approaches. Future randomized controlled lifestyle intervention studies and innovative observational studies, using quasi-experimental designs, are needed focused on the effects of an integrated lifestyle advice from preconception onwards on pregnancy outcomes and long-term health outcomes in offspring on a population level.

scholarly journals Determinants of preterm birth in public hospitals in central Ethiopia: an unmatched case-control study

F1000Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 773
Author(s):  
Berhanu Senbeta Deriba ◽  
Agumas Fentahun Ayalew ◽  
Addis Adera Gebru
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Birth Outcomes ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
Medical Illness ◽  
Adverse Birth Outcomes ◽  
Central Ethiopia ◽  
Control Study

Background: Around 15 million babies are born prematurely in the world every year. The most common cause of neonatal death in Ethiopia is premature birth. To reduce the rate of preterm delivery by correcting modifiable or preventable causes, the availability of local data is important. Hence, this study aimed to identify the determinants of preterm birth among women who gave birth in public hospitals in central Ethiopia. Methods: An Institutional-based unmatched case-control study was conducted at public hospitals in central Ethiopia to select 170 cases and 340 controls. The collected data were entered into EPI INFO and transferred to SPSS for analysis. Tables, graphs, and proportions were used to present the results. Binary and multiple logistic regressions analysis were computed to identify determinants of preterm birth. Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR), 95% Confidence Interval (CI), and a p-value < 0.05 were computed to determine the presence of an association between preterm birth and independent variables. Results: A total of 166 cases and 332 controls participated in the study, giving a response rate of 97.6%. Cigarette smoking (AOR=3.77, 95% CI=1.35,10.56), alcohol consumption (AOR=1.85, 95% CI=1.11,3.10), wanted but unplanned pregnancy (AOR=3,95% CI=1.68,5.34), neither wanted nor planned pregnancy(AOR=3.61% CI=1.62,8.06), lack of antenatal care (ANC) visits (AOR=4.13, 95% CI=1.95, 8.74), adverse birth outcomes (AOR=5.66, 95% CI=2.88,11.12), presence of a diagnosed illness (AOR=2.81, 95% CI=1.37, 5.76), presence of one or more of obstetrics complications(AOR=6.44, 95% CI=5.49, 3.35, 9), and hemoglobin level < 11g/dl  (AOR=2.78, 95% CI=1.48, 5.22) were determinants of preterm birth. Conclusion:-In this study, cigarette smoking status, alcohol drinking status, pregnancy status, adverse birth outcomes, ANC visits, obstetric complications,  presence of medical illness, and anemia were identified as determinants of preterm birth. It is important to encourage such women to attend ANC visits, stop smoking, and abstain from alcohol.

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