Proteomic Analysis for Low and High Nitrogen-Responsive Proteins in the Leaves of Rice Genotypes Grown at Three Nitrogen Levels

2012 ◽  
Vol 168 (4) ◽  
pp. 834-850 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khalid Rehman Hakeem ◽  
Ruby Chandna ◽  
Altaf Ahmad ◽  
Mohd. Irfan Qureshi ◽  
Muhammad Iqbal
Keyword(s):  
Proteomic Analysis ◽  
High Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Rice Genotypes

scholarly journals Responses of Root Characteristic Parameters and Plant Dry Matter Accumulation, Distribution and Transportation to Nitrogen Levels for Spring Maize in Northeast China

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 308
Author(s):  
Yang Yu ◽  
Chunrong Qian ◽  
Wanrong Gu ◽  
Caifeng Li
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Projection Area ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Characteristic Parameters ◽  
High Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Matter Transport

Improving nitrogen use efficiency is a significant scientific problem to be solved. Two maize hybrids JD27 (Jidan 27) and SD19 (Sidan 19) were selected to study the effects of nitrogen levels on root characteristic parameters and plant dry matter accumulation, distribution and transportation. We set five different nitrogen levels, which were nitrogen deficiency (000N), low nitrogen (075N), medium nitrogen (150N), high nitrogen (225N) and excessive nitrogen (300N). The results showed that the root length and root surface area of JD27 were significantly higher than those of SD19 under 075N. With the increase of nitrogen levels, the root difference among varieties gradually decreased. The root length, projection area, total surface area and total volume reached the maximum values at silking stage. The average root diameter kept stable or decreased slowly with the growth stage. The dry matter accumulation of JD27 was higher than that of SD19 at all growth stages. Increasing the amount of nitrogen fertilizer can promote the transport of dry matter to grain and improve dry matter transport efficiency after anthesis. Under the treatment of medium and high nitrogen fertilizer, maize was easy to obtain a higher yield, but excessive nitrogen fertilizer inhibited the increase of yield. This study provides theoretical and practical guidance for maize production techniques.

scholarly journals The influence of different moisture contents and nitrogen levels on the formation of empty cavities in cucumbers (Cucumis sativus L.)

2013 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krystyna Elkner
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Cucumis Sativus ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Fruit Development ◽  
High Nitrogen ◽  
Mechanical Tension ◽  
Cucumis Sativus L ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
Empty Cavity

Empty cavities were found already in very young cucumber fruits with diameter 1.5 cm. As the fruit develops the empty cavities augment and the number of fruits showing this defect increases. Low soil moisture and high nitrogen fertilization favour the formation of empty cavities. Their origination and changes were traced with anatomical methods in the course of fruit development. As a most plausible cause of their origination the author considers the enlargement of only part of the cells of the suture between the two (or three) carples. Due to this uneven enlargement of neighbouring cells strong mechanical tension probably arises amoung them, leading to the formation of ruptures separating these cells, consequently causing the separation of the carpel edges. Besides that, some of the cells of the suture which have markedly enlarged, often burst which also contributes to the formation of an empty cavity and enlarges its dimensions.

Survival and Growth of Seedlings of Three Sclerophyll Species at High Levels of Phosphorus and Nitrogen

1976 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 681 ◽  
Author(s):  
RH Groves ◽  
K Keraitis
Keyword(s):  
Sand Culture ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
High Nitrogen ◽  
Nutrient Contents ◽  
Rooting Zone ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
High Phosphorus ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Growth Of Seedlings

Seedlings of Banksia serrata, Acacia suaveolens and Eucalyptus pilularis were grown in sand culture for 3-4 months at four levels of phosphorus (0, 5, 50, and 100 ppm) and three of nitrogen (0, 25 and 250 ppm) applied gradually in all combinations. B.serrata died at high phosphorus-high nitrogen levels, A.suaveolens died with high phosphorus irrespective of the nitrogen level, and E. pilularis did not survive high phosphorus or high nitrogen levels. There were differences between species in their growth responses to increasing levels of phosphorus and nitrogen. Dry weights of seedlings were greatest at P5N25 for B.serrata, at P5N250 for A.suaveolens, and at P5N250 for E.pilularis. Shoot phosphorus concentrations greater than 1% were directly associated with 'toxicity' and death of A.suaveolens seedlings only, and not of the other two species. The species differ in the weights and nutrient contents of their seeds, and this is discussed in relation to the different responses obtained. Growth of sclerophyll species on areas subject to disturbance (e.g. sand-mining) will be determined in large part by the levels of phosphorus and nitrogen applied and the rate at which nutrients are leached from the rooting zone.

Competition between skeleton weed (Chondrila juncea L) and cereals in relation to nitrogen supply

1958 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
LF Myers ◽  
J Lipsett
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yields ◽  
Nitrogen Supply ◽  
Weed Competition ◽  
Nitrogen Application ◽  
High Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Grain Nitrogen ◽  
Low Nitrogen ◽  
Yield Of Oats ◽  
Plant Growth Regulating Substances

The effect of skeleton weed competition on the yield of wheat and oats was investigated in seasons when rainfall was plentiful. Nitrogen was found to be the major factor limiting crop yields. In soils with comparable nitrogen-supplying powers, skeleton weed density governed the crop's response to applied nitrogen. Competition between skeleton weed and crop was severe at low nitrogen levels, but minor at the high nitrogen levels achieved either by nitrogen application, or when the crop followed a legume-rich pasture. Competition had its effect early in the crop's growth. Temporary removal of competition, by spraying with plant growth regulating substances (JICPA) at different times, was used to determine when competition was critical, and measure its effects. Skeleton weed reduced nitrogen supply early in the crop's growth, and so depressed yield. An application of 1 lb MCPA per acre in the fallow 54 days before sowing, or 10 days after crop emergence, increased the yield of oats from 710 to 1350 lb grain per acre: a response equal to that from 32 lb nitrogen per acre applied at planting in the same experiment. In each case, the response to spraying at the different times was analogous to the effect of a nitrogen application at these times. Early spraying gave responses in yield; later spraying gave responses in grain nitrogen. The results provide a new estimate of the reduction in crop yield due to skeleton weed.

Microbial Degradation of Five Substituted Urea Herbicides

Weed Science ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Don S. Murray ◽  
Walter L. Rieck ◽  
J. Q. Lynd
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Microbial Degradation ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
High Nitrogen ◽  
Herbicide Degradation ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Degradation Rates ◽  
Residual Herbicide ◽  
Substituted Urea

Phytotoxicity of five substituted urea herbicides 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea (diuron), 3-(p-chlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea (monuron), 3-phenyl-1,1-dimethylurea (fenuron), 3-hexahydro-4,7-methanoindan-5-yl) −1,1-dimethylurea (norea), and 3-(m-trifluoromethylphenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea (fluometuron) at 0, 10, 100, and 1000 ppm were determined in factorial combination at four urea nitrogen levels of 0, 45, 450, and 900 ppm with three Aspergilli: A. niger, A. sydowi, and A. tamarii. Response interactions were apparent, with all three fungi most tolerant for fenuron and least for diuron. Apparent tolerance order of the three intermediates were: A. niger, norea > fluometuron > monuron; A. sydowi, fluometuron > monuron > norea; and A. tamarii, fluometuron > norea > monuron. Oat (Avena sativa L.) bioassay for residual herbicide toxicity indicated significant differences in herbicide degradation rates between these three fungi at 5, 10, and 20 ppm in Eufaula sand. Diuron was more rapidly degraded than monuron at these levels with fluometuron and norea somewhat intermediate. A. niger was most effective in degradation of these herbicides with A. tamarii greater than A. sydowi. High nitrogen levels in soil organic matter amendment generally favored increased rates of urea herbicide degradation.

High Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Rice Genotypes is Associated with Higher Net Photosynthetic Rate at Lower Rubisco Content

2003 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debabrata Ray ◽  
M.S. Sheshshayee ◽  
K. Mukhopadhyay ◽  
H. Bindumadhava ◽  
T.G. Prasad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Net Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Nitrogen Use Efficiency ◽  
High Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Rice Genotypes

scholarly journals WINTER-KILLED LEGUMINOUS COVER CROPS FOR SWEET CORN

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (11) ◽  
pp. 1161f-1161
Author(s):  
Francis X. Mangan ◽  
Stephen J. Herbert
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
High Nitrogen ◽  
Vicia Villosa ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Nitrogen Treatments ◽  
Legume Growth

Field research was conducted in Deerfield, Mass. to study the effects of leguminous cover crops on sweet corn yield. Oat was planted alone and in combination with four leguminous cover crops August 8, 1990. Cover crop residue was disked once and sweet corn seeded April 23, 1991. Each cover crop combination had three rates of nitrogen added in two applications. Sweet corn seeded into stands of hairy vetch (Vicia villosa) yielded the highest of the cover crop combinations. All leguminous cover crop treatments yielded higher than oat alone or no cover crop when no synthetic nitrogen was added. Cover crop combinations were seeded again in the same field plots August 12, 1991. Oat biomass in November was greater where there had been leguminous cover crops or high rates of synthetic nitrogen. Legume growth was retarded in the plots that had previously received high nitrogen. It is thought that legume growth was reduced in the high nitrogen treatments due to increased oat growth and higher soil nitrogen levels which could inhibit root nodulation.

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