Zinc-Enriched Yeast May Improve Spermatogenesis by Regulating Steroid Production and Antioxidant Levels in Mice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhaoyu Zhang ◽  
Qian Cheng ◽  
Youjiao Liu ◽  
Cheng Peng ◽  
Ziqiong Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Steroid Production

DIE ÖSTROGEN- UND PREGNANDIOLAUSSCHEIDUNG BEI HCG-PSEUDOGRAVIDITÄTEN UND NACHFOLGENDEN NORMALEN FRÜHGRAVIDITÄTEN

1971 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 331-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Kaiser ◽  
W. Geiger
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Steroid Production ◽  
Twofold Increase

ABSTRACT The urinary excretion of oestradiol. oestrone, oestriol and pregnanediol was determined in three women during HCG-induced pseudopregnancies and during normal early pregnancies in two of these cases. Until the last day of HCG injection, i. e. the 22nd day after ovulation in both the normal pregnancies and the pseudopregnancies, the excretion of these steroids was nearly identical. Compared with the corpus luteum period of the cycle the increase of oestrogens was about 150% and of pregnanediol about 100%. A further twofold increase of oestrogens in normal pregnancies was noticed within the fourth week after ovulation, and this augmentation was referred to the additional steroid production of the trophoblast. Nevertheless the relation oestradiol:oestrone:oestriol remains the same until the 34th day after ovulation. In the same time, the excretion of pregnanediol in normal pregnancies increased very slowly and did not exceed the highest values of HCG pseudopregnancies.

Local Regulation of Adrenal Steroidogenesis: Subtle in vitro Effects of IL-1β on the Human Cell Line NCI-H295R Steroid Production along with Changes in MicroRNA Profile and Orphan Nuclear Receptors NR4As

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Natalia Santucci ◽  
Rocío Stampone ◽  
Eduardo Brandão Ferreira da Silva ◽  
Silvina Villar ◽  
Silvana Spinelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Cell Line ◽  
Nuclear Receptors ◽  
Human Cell ◽  
Human Cell Line ◽  
Mirna Profile ◽  
Orphan Nuclear Receptors ◽  
Steroid Production ◽  
Adrenal Steroid ◽  
Adrenal Steroidogenesis

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> IL-1β, a cytokine from the innate immune response, is well known for its proinflammatory effects and stimulating activity on the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis, leading to the pituitary synthesis of adrenocorticotropic hormone followed by cortisol (and dehydroepiandrosterone – DHEA) release by the adrenal gland. While IL-1β modulates the adrenal steroidogenesis at the central level, it is unclear whether it also exerts an effect on the adrenal gland. <b><i>Method:</i></b> We studied the effect of IL-1β on adrenal steroid production and steroidogenic enzyme RNA expression in the human cell line NCI-H295R. We also explored eventual changes in the microRNA (miRNA) profile from IL-1β-treated NCI-H295R cells. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Transcripts encoding IL-1β receptors 1 and 2 were noticeable in the cell line, with cortisol and DHEA production showing a subtle increase after cytokine treatment. Transcripts from key enzymes in the steroidogenic pathway were analyzed, with no noticeable changes on them. The miRNA profile was modified by IL-1β treatment to an extent which bears some relationship with the regulatory mechanisms underlying adrenal steroid production. Since orphan nuclear receptors NR4As have emerged as potential key factors for coordinating inflammatory and metabolic responses, cell expression studies were also carried out to show an NR4As transcript augmentation following IL-1β treatment. <b><i>Discussion/Conclusions:</i></b> The subtle increase in adrenal steroid production in response to IL-1β stimulation without any modification in the transcription of the steroidogenic enzymes analyzed suggests an additional inflammatory/anti-inflammatory loop, wherein NR4As receptors may participate. Besides its physiological role, this process might be implied in pathological states accompanied by an unbalanced immune-endocrine relationship.

Role of pro-opiomelanocortin-derived peptides in the regulation of steroid production by human fetal adrenal cells in culture

1983 ◽  
Vol 97 (3) ◽  
pp. 357-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Baird ◽  
K. W. Kan ◽  
Samuel Solomon
Keyword(s):  
Peptide Hormones ◽  
The Other ◽  
Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulphate ◽  
Steroid Production ◽  
Adrenal Cells ◽  
The Third ◽  
Cells In Culture

Synthetic (1–39)ACTH, (1–24)ACTH, (18–39)ACTH, α-MSH, met-enkephalin and α-, βand γ-endorphin were tested for their ability to stimulate steroidogenesis by human fetal adrenal cells in culture. Adrenal cells were incubated with peptide hormones for two periods of 24 h. On the third day of the experiment the cells were incubated with progesterone (4 μg/2 ml) for 8 h. At the doses tested only (1–39)ACTH, (1–24)ACTH and α-MSH stimulated steroidogenesis. None of the other peptides had any corticotrophic effect on the formation of cortisol, corticosterone or dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHAS). At the highest doses tested, α-MSH (100 μg/2 ml) had a corticotrophic effect that was not different from that obtained with 20 ng (1–39)ACTH or (1–24)ACTH. At the lower doses (0·2–2 μg/2 ml), α-MSH stimulated the formation of DHAS (P<0·01) without stimulating the formation of cortisol.

BIOSYNTHESIS OF ADRENOCORTICAL HORMONES BY ADRENAL GLANDS OF LIZARDS AND SNAKES

1962 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. G. PHILLIPS ◽  
I. CHESTER JONES ◽  
D. BELLAMY
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Steroid Production ◽  
Adrenocortical Hormones ◽  
Natrix Natrix ◽  
Lacerta Viridis

SUMMARY Adrenal glands of lizards (Lacerta viridis L.) and snakes (Natrix natrix L.) were incubated in media containing tritiated progesterone. Aldosterone, corticosterone and an unknown steroid were produced. Added ACTH did not affect, though added amphenone markedly reduced, the rate of steroid production.

266 Effects of Inflammatory States on Ovarian Biology and Oocyte Competence

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 134-135
Author(s):  
Jennifer A Hernandez Gifford ◽  
Emily Ferranti ◽  
Kylee Forrest ◽  
Craig A Gifford
Keyword(s):  
Granulosa Cell ◽  
Oocyte Maturation ◽  
Beta Catenin ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Steroid Production ◽  
Oocyte Competence ◽  
Nuclear Maturation ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Hormonal Milieu

Abstract Female fertility is dependent on estradiol concentrations which regulate a multitude of ovarian functions including follicle development and oocyte maturation leading to ovulation of a viable oocyte. Estradiol biosynthesis is regulated by coordinated actions of follicle-stimulating hormone and intra-ovarian control mechanisms including the co-transcription factor beta-catenin. Beta-catenin is a multi-faceted protein recognized for its role in granulosa cell steroid production and is shown to be modulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), the endotoxin responsible for stimulation of the immune system in infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria. Beef heifers treated with subacute concentrations of LPS during a synchronized follicular wave demonstrate a decline in serum estradiol concentrations 50 h after CIDR withdrawal, corresponding with dominant follicle maturation and preceding ovulation. The endotoxin exposure also resulted in increased LPS concentration and E2:P4 ratios in follicular fluid suggesting that low dose LPS modulates the intra-follicular hormonal milieu. Additionally, in a granulosa cell line, LPS treatment decreased mRNA expression of aromatase and beta-catenin. These data indicate that LPS alters E2 synthesis by modulating beta-catenin and subsequent steroidogenic enzyme expression. To further explore the contribution of naturally occurring LPS exposure on follicular steroid production and developing oocytes, bovine ovary pairs were collected from local abattoirs. Oocytes were aspirated from small follicles and matured in vitro to evaluate meiotic events related to nuclear maturation and spindle morphology. Small follicles from ovarian pairs were separated by the detectable LPS concentrations into high and low LPS groups. Oocytes matured from low LPS follicles demonstrated an increase in the percent of abnormal maturation events. Data indicate that induced or naturally occurring low doses of LPS can alter circulating and follicular estradiol concentrations impairing oocyte maturation. Perturbation to local ovarian signaling cascades from subclinical inflammatory disease may be an unappreciated factor altering fertility and leading to decreased cow retention.

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