Status Myoclonus with Post-cardiac-arrest Syndrome: Implications for Prognostication

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tia Chakraborty ◽  
Sherri Braksick ◽  
Alejandro Rabinstein ◽  
Eelco Wijdicks
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Arrest ◽  
Post Cardiac Arrest Syndrome

Effects of Targeted Temperature Management in Patients with Post-Cardiac Arrest Syndrome after an Out-Of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Caused by Hanging: A Prospective Observational Cohort Study in Japan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryuichiro Kakizaki ◽  
Naofumi Bunya ◽  
Shuji Uemura ◽  
Takehiko Kasai ◽  
Keigo Sawamoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Cardiac Arrest ◽  
Propensity Score ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Targeted Temperature Management ◽  
Temperature Management ◽  
Matched Cohort ◽  
Neurological Outcomes ◽  
Post Cardiac Arrest Syndrome ◽  
Hospital Cardiac Arrest

Abstract Background: Targeted temperature management (TTM) is recommended for unconscious patients after a cardiac arrest. However, its effectiveness in patients with post-cardiac arrest syndrome (PCAS) by hanging remains unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between TTM and favorable neurological outcomes in patients with PCAS by hanging.Methods: This study was a retrospective analysis of the Japanese Association for Acute Medicine out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) registry between June 2014 and December 2017 among patients with PCAS admitted to the hospitals after an OHCA caused by hanging. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to estimate the propensity score and to predict whether patients with PCAS by hanging receive TTM. We compared patients with PCAS by hanging who received TTM (TTM group) and those who did not (non-TTM group) using propensity score analysis.Results: A total of 199 patients with PCAS by hanging were enrolled in this study. Among them, 43 were assigned to the TTM group and 156 to the non-TTM group. Logistic regression model adjusted for propensity score revealed that TTM was not associated with favorable neurological outcome at 1-month (adjusted odds ratio [OR]: 1.38, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.27–6.96). Moreover, no difference was observed in the propensity score-matched cohort (adjusted OR: 0, 73, 95% CI: 0.10–4.71) and in the inverse probability of treatment weighting-matched cohort (adjusted OR: 0.63, 95% CI: 0.15–2.69).Conclusions: TTM was not associated with increased favorable neurological outcomes at 1-month in patients with PCAS after OHCA by hanging.

Abstract 378: Diagnosing Pneumonia After Cardiac Arrest

Circulation ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 140 (Suppl_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Weissman ◽  
Jacob S Puyana ◽  
David Spencer ◽  
Melissa Repine ◽  
Jon C Rittenberger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Arrest ◽  
Chest Radiography ◽  
Innate Immune System ◽  
Pulmonary Infection ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Microbiology Laboratory ◽  
Blood Cell Count ◽  
Interleukin 17A ◽  
Post Cardiac Arrest Syndrome ◽  
Pneumonia Diagnosis

Introduction: Post cardiac arrest syndrome, therapeutic hypothermia, and CPR confound the clinical diagnosis of pneumonia. Accurate pneumonia diagnosis is required to improve targeted antibiotic allocation and prevent sequelae of untargeted antibiotic therapy. Hypothesis: We can rigorously define pneumonia after cardiac arrest (CA) using accepted clinical parameters adapted from existing guidelines and innate immune system biomarkers Interleukin-17A (IL-17A), integrin α9β1, and CD11b specific to the response to pulmonary infection. Methods: A prospective cohort of consecutive OHCA patients surviving at least 72 hours from arrival was enrolled. IL-17A, integrin α9β1, and CD11b were measured daily at 4 timepoints from time 0 (arrival) through 72 hours. Chest radiography, pulmonary microbiology, temperature, and white blood cell count were recorded concurrently from the medical record. Pneumonia was defined narrowly (pna_narrow) by the presence of at least 2 of the following criteria in the initial 72 hours of presentation: fever ≥38°C; persistent infiltrate on chest radiography; positive sputum or bronchoalveolar lavage per the hospital microbiology laboratory. Broad criteria (pna_broad) also incorporated persistent leukocytosis ≥15,000 or leukopenia <3,000. Results: Of the 56 subjects with all data, 23% (13 of 56) met pna_narrow criteria while 43% (24 of 56) met pna_broad criteria. Positive clinical pulmonary microbiology was present in 62% (8 of 13) subjects meeting pna_narrow and 46% (11 of 24) subjects meeting pna_broad criteria. Antibiotics were given to 65% (28 of 43) subjects without pna_narrow and 63% (20 of 32) without pna_broad. Overall, 70% (39 of 56) subjects received antibiotics regardless of pneumonia status. Integrin α9β1 at Time 28 hours and Time 72 hours was associated with pna_narrow (p = 0.010, p = 0.049). CD11b at Time 0 and 72 hours was associated with pna_narrow (p = 0.03, p = 0.049). IL-17 at Time 28 and Time 72 was associated with pna_narrow (p = 0.04, p = 0.01). Conclusions: Pneumonia was rigorously defined in 23 to 43% of our sample, yet 70% of subjects received antibiotics. More rigorous definitions for pneumonia after CA, combined with pulmonary infection biomarkers, could be used to improve diagnosis and antibiotic allocation.

Abstract 329: Six at Six: Interleukin-6 Measured at 6 Hours After Cardiac Arrest Is a Good Predictive Biomarker of Outcome of Post--Cardiac Arrest Syndrome in Humans

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 130 (suppl_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Koichiro Shinozaki ◽  
Lance B Becker ◽  
Shigeto Oda ◽  
Hiroyuki Hirasawa
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Arrest ◽  
Blood Level ◽  
Selection Procedure ◽  
Early Death ◽  
Patient Characteristics ◽  
Predictive Biomarker ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Multicenter Observational Study ◽  
Therapeutic Decision Making ◽  
Post Cardiac Arrest Syndrome

Introduction: As early as 3h after cardiac arrest (CA), the blood level of various cytokines increases and may be associated with outcome of post cardiac arrest syndrome (PCAS). However, it remains uncertain whether blood levels of these cytokines including IL-6 have significance as predictors of outcome following cardiac arrest. Objective: To demonstrate any association between circulating IL-6 level, one of major pro-inflammatory cytokines, and mortality in PCAS of humans. Methods: This was a multicenter observational study conducted between 2006-09 in Chiba, Japan, involving non-trauma CA adult patients. All patients admitted to acute care units were included. Patient characteristics were extracted following an Utstein template. The primary outcome was mortality through the end of the study. IL-6 blood levels were measured on admission, at 6hr, and 24hr after CA. Patients were classified into three groups (high, middle, and low) according to IL-6 levels at each time point. We evaluated the association of IL-6 levels with survival using the Kaplan-Meier method. A Cox proportional hazard model with a step-wise selection procedure was used to identify independent variables associated with overall survival. Results: A total of 227 patients were included in this study. Survival time in “High IL-6” group was shorter than “Low” group. There were significant differences in blood level of IL-6 in the three groups, high (>811pg/mL), mid (811-93pg/mL), and low (<93pg/mL), only at 6hr (long rank; high vs. low p<0.001, high vs. mid p=0.07, and mid vs. low p=0.001 on admission; p<0.001, p<0.001, and p<0.001 at 6hr, respectively; p<0.001, p<0.001, and p=0.936 at 24hr, respectively). Three factors were identified as independent predictors of early death; no bystander CPR (hazard ratio [95% confidential interval], 2.59 [1.10-6.10], p=0.03), a lack of therapeutic hypothermia (2.68 [1.70-4.22], p<0.001), and IL-6 levels at 6hr (high, reference; mid, 0.41 [0.25-0.66], p<0.001; low, 0.11 [0.06-0.20], p<0.001). Conclusions: IL-6 measured at 6hr can predict mortality. It should be studied further to see if it can help direct therapeutic decision-making and whether it can define optimal populations for study in clinical trials.

Post–Cardiac Arrest Syndrome

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 383-393
Author(s):  
Linda Dalessio
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Arrest ◽  
Myocardial Dysfunction ◽  
The United States ◽  
Spontaneous Circulation ◽  
Clinical State ◽  
Precipitating Factors ◽  
Patient Health ◽  
Global Brain ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Post Cardiac Arrest Syndrome

More than 356 000 out-of-hospital cardiac arrests occur in the United States annually. Complications involving post–cardiac arrest syndrome occur because of ischemic-reperfusion injury to the brain, lungs, heart, and kidneys. Post–cardiac arrest syndrome is a clinical state that involves global brain injury, myocardial dysfunction, macrocirculatory dysfunction, increased vulnerability to infection, and persistent precipitating pathology (ie, the cause of the arrest). The severity of outcomes varies and depends on precipitating factors, patient health before cardiac arrest, duration of time to return of spontaneous circulation, and underlying comorbidities. In this article, the pathophysiology and treatment of post–cardiac arrest syndrome are reviewed and potential novel therapies are described.

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