Psychopathic traits and gender as moderators of the parental arrest-proactive aggression link

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 2334-2342
Author(s):  
Rebecca P. Ang ◽  
Xiang Li ◽  
Vivien S. Huan
Keyword(s):  
Psychopathic Traits ◽  
Proactive Aggression ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Parental Arrest

scholarly journals Social Information Processing and Reactive and Proactive Aggression among Children with ADHD

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ahmed Hammad ◽  
Huda Shaaban Muhammad Awed
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Social Information Processing ◽  
Social Information ◽  
Proactive Aggression ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
The Social ◽  
Reactive And Proactive Aggression ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Selective Information Processing

<p>This study examined the social information processing qualities among children with reactive and proactive aggression among children with Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD). It enrolled a total of 112 Saudi school children (62 boys, 50 girls; mean age = 9.26 years, SD = 1.98) of which 51 were diagnosed with ADHD and 61 typically developing peers. Data on children’s social informational processing and type of aggression displayed were gathered and analyzed for group differences by diagnosis and gender within diagnosis. Findings suggest gaps in social information processing and elevated aggression levels among children with ADHD compared to typical others. Male children with ADHD to present mostly with proactive aggression and self-serving information processing. Female ADHD were characterized by reactive aggression and selective information processing. Implicit socialization processes might explain the differences in social information processing and type of aggression among male and female students with Arabic culture background.</p><p><br /><strong></strong></p>

Gender Differences in the Personality Correlates of Reactive and Proactive Aggression in a Spanish Sample of Young Adults

2020 ◽  
pp. 088626052095769
Author(s):  
Lorena Maneiro ◽  
Olalla Cutrín ◽  
Xosé Antón Gómez-Fraguela
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Sensation Seeking ◽  
Reactive Aggression ◽  
Psychopathic Traits ◽  
Proactive Aggression ◽  
Current Debate ◽  
Personality Correlates ◽  
Conceptual Distinction ◽  
Reactive And Proactive Aggression

Since the conceptual distinction of reactive and proactive aggression has been proposed, numerous studies have tried to disentangle the correlates of each function of aggression. While reactive aggression tends to be more strongly related to impulsivity, angry reactivity, or hostility, proactive aggression has proved to be more associated with psychopathic traits and goal-directed behaviors. However, in addition to the current debate about the actual distinction of reactive and proactive aggression, the study of gender differences is still scarce. Thus, the aim of the current study is to evaluate the distinctiveness of reactive and proactive aggression by means of the examination of their differential personality correlates (i.e., HEXACO, psychopathic traits, and impulsivity facets), as well as the assessment of gender differences in those relationships. To that end, a sample composed of 326 young adults aged 18–34 was recruited in Spain. The results evidenced unique associations of reactive and proactive aggression with a set of personality traits, including the HEXACO factors, psychopathic traits, and impulsivity facets, both at raw and residual level. Furthermore, when all the variables were entered in the model, proactive aggression remained strongly related to the factor of Honesty/humility and Emotionality, whereas reactive aggression remained associated with the impulsive/irresponsive factor of psychopathy and, specifically, with the facet of negative urgency, as well as with lack of Agreeableness. Likewise, some gender differences emerged as regards certain correlates. Specifically, proactive aggression was related with lack of Agreeableness and sensation seeking only in males and with the impulsive/irresponsive factor of psychopathy only in females, although these differences were not statistically significant. The conceptual and practical implications of these finding are discussed in terms of prevention.

Contribution of Implicit/Explicit Self-Esteem and Gender in Psychopathic Traits at Adolescence

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (9) ◽  
pp. 1435-1448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stéphanie Habersaat ◽  
Maya Suter ◽  
Philippe Stephan ◽  
Sébastien Urben
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Public Schools ◽  
Implicit Association Test ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Psychopathic Traits ◽  
Delinquent Behaviors ◽  
Affective Traits ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Implicit And Explicit ◽  
Gender Specific

The present study aimed to investigate gender-specific combinations of implicit and explicit self-esteem, helping to understand psychopathic traits (lifestyle, affective, and interpersonal) in adolescents at risk of delinquency. Two hundred thirty-one adolescent boys and girls (from public schools and child welfare and juvenile justice institutions) completed questionnaires measuring explicit self-esteem and psychopathic traits, as well as a computerized Implicit Association Test (IAT) assessing implicit self-esteem. Boys at risk of delinquent behaviors with anxious self-esteem (high implicit/low explicit) as well as at-risk girls with defensive self-esteem (low implicit/high explicit) displayed the highest scores in interpersonal and lifestyle traits. No relationship was found between gender-specific combinations of self-esteem and affective traits. Two gender-specific profiles were identified among the group at risk of delinquent behaviors: Girls with a defensive self-esteem (low implicit/high explicit) and boys with an anxious (or damaged) self-esteem (high implicit/low explicit) presented more interpersonal and lifestyle traits than other groups.

Antisocial Behavior: the Impact of Psychopathic Traits, Heart Rate Variability, and Gender

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 637-646
Author(s):  
Lauren A. Delk ◽  
Derek P. Spangler ◽  
Roberto Guerra ◽  
Vincent Ly ◽  
Bradley A. White
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Antisocial Behavior ◽  
Psychopathic Traits ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact

Identifying vulnerability to violence: the role of psychopathy and gender

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary B. Ritchie ◽  
Julie Blais ◽  
Adelle E. Forth ◽  
Angela S. Book
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Psychopathic Traits ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Nonverbal Cues ◽  
Violent Victimization ◽  
Content Type ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Linear Regressions

Purpose Recent research has suggested that a heightened sensitivity to nonverbal cues may give individuals with psychopathic traits an advantage when selecting potential victims. The purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of gender on the association between psychopathy and perceptions of vulnerability to violent victimization. Design/methodology/approach A sample of 291 undergraduate students viewed a series of eight videos depicting individual female targets walking down a hallway from behind. Participants rated each target’s vulnerability to violent victimization and provided a justification for each rating. In addition to these ratings, participants completed the Self-Report Psychopathy Scale. Findings A series of hierarchical linear regressions revealed gender differences in the association between psychopathy and accuracy. Among male observers, total psychopathy scores, Factor 2 psychopathy scores, and scores on the antisocial behavior facet were positively associated with accuracy in perceiving vulnerability to violent victimization. Conversely, no associations were identified between psychopathy (total, Factors, and facets) and accuracy among female observers. This suggests that the adept ability to accurately perceive nonverbal cues signalling vulnerability is specific to males exhibiting psychopathic traits. Originality/value The results of the current study highlight the importance of distinguishing male and female psychopathy in research and practice. Moreover, with an understanding of individual differences in the ability to accurately perceive nonverbal cues associated with vulnerability, we may begin to develop intervention strategies aimed at reducing future incidences of victimization.

scholarly journals Parental Overprotection and Emotional Abuse Predict the Presence of Psychopathic Traits in Adulthood

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillaume Durand ◽  
Polett Bali
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Parenting Styles ◽  
Childhood Maltreatment ◽  
Emotional Abuse ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Psychopathic Traits ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Childhood Traumas ◽  
The Relationship

Recent findings support an association between childhood maltreatment and the presence of elevated psychopathic traits in adulthood. Using a community sample recruited online (N = 210), we sought to (1) confirm the relationship between childhood traumas and psychopathic traits, and (2) investigate the role of parenting styles in psychopathic traits. Consistent with our predictions, we found an association between all types of childhood traumas and disinhibition. Age and gender moderated the relations between psychopathic traits and childhood maltreatments. Parental rejection and overprotection were positively correlated with the presence of psychopathic traits, while parental emotional warmth was negative correlated. Although our results converge with previous findings, the strength of the correlations observed was not as compelling as in research on undergraduate students. We discuss the numerous interpretations for our findings, and highlight the limitations of research in the field of psychopathy and childhood trauma in the general population.

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