scholarly journals Dedicated Energy Crops and Crop Residues for Bioenergy Feedstocks in the Central and Eastern USA

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 384-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. B. Mitchell ◽  
M. R. Schmer ◽  
W. F. Anderson ◽  
V. Jin ◽  
K. S. Balkcom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Residues ◽  
Energy Crops ◽  
Eastern Usa ◽  
Bioenergy Feedstocks ◽  
Dedicated Energy Crops

scholarly journals Induced Land Use Emissions due to First and Second Generation Biofuels and Uncertainty in Land Use Emission Factors

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farzad Taheripour ◽  
Wallace E. Tyner
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Emission Factors ◽  
Energy Crops ◽  
Second Generation Biofuels ◽  
Dedicated Energy Crops ◽  
First And Second Generation

Much research has estimated induced land use changes (ILUCs) and emissions for first generation biofuels. Relatively little has provided estimates for the second generation biofuels. This paper estimates ILUC emissions for the first and second generation biofuels. Estimated ILUC emissions are uncertain not only because their associated land use changes are uncertain, but also because of uncertainty in the land use emission factors (EFs). This paper also examines uncertainties related to these factors. The results suggest that converting crop residues to biofuel has no significant ILUC emissions, but that is not the case for dedicated energy crops. Use of dedicated energy crops transfers managed natural land and marginal land (cropland-pasture) to crop production. Producing biogasoline from miscanthus generates the lowest land requirement among alterative pathways. The largest land requirement is associated with switchgrass. The difference is due largely to the assumed yields of switchgrass and miscanthus. The three major conclusions from uncertainty in emissions analyses are (1) inclusion or exclusion of cropland-pasture makes a huge difference; (2) changes in soil carbon sequestration due to changes in land cover vegetation play an important role; and (3) there is wide divergence among the emission factor sources, especially for dedicated crop conversion to ethanol.

scholarly journals Comparison of the Effect of Perennial Energy Crops and Arable Crops on Earthworm Populations

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 675 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feledyn-Szewczyk ◽  
Radzikowski ◽  
Stalenga ◽  
Matyka
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Energy Crops ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Species Number ◽  
Organic System ◽  
Perennial Energy Crops

The purpose of the study was to compare earthworm communities under winter wheat in different crop production systems on arable land—organic (ORG), integrated (INT), conventional (CON), monoculture (MON)—and under perennial crops cultivated for energy purposes—willow (WIL), Virginia mallow (VIR), and miscanthus (MIS). Earthworm abundance, biomass, and species composition were assessed each spring and autumn in the years 2014–2016 using the method of soil blocks. The mean species number of earthworms was ordered in the following way: ORG > VIR > WIL > CON > INT > MIS > MON. Mean abundance of earthworms decreased in the following order: ORG > WIL > CON > VIR > INT > MIS > MON. There were significantly more species under winter wheat cultivated organically than under the integrated system (p = 0.045), miscanthus (p = 0.039), and wheat monoculture (p = 0.002). Earthworm abundance was significantly higher in the organic system compared to wheat monoculture (p = 0.001) and to miscanthus (p = 0.008). Among the tested energy crops, Virginia mallow created the best habitat for species richness and biomass due to the high amount of crop residues suitable for earthworms and was similar to the organic system. Differences in the composition of earthworm species in the soil under the compared agricultural systems were proven. Energy crops, except miscanthus, have been found to increase earthworm diversity, as they are good crops for landscape diversification.

scholarly journals Analysis of Areas and Prospects for the Use of Agrobiomass for Energy Production in Ukraine

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Zheliezna ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Development Strategy ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Agricultural Residues ◽  
Energy Crops ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Energy Wood ◽  
Biomass Potential

Purpose of the study is to assess the current and prospective energy potential of agribiomass (agricultural residues and energy crops) in Ukraine, to determine its main components and the most effective areas of their use. Methods. The assessment of the current potential of agribiomass is performed using official statistics on crop production in Ukraine. Based on these data, the total amount of crop residues formed and their share available for energy needs is determined. When assessing the potential of energy crops, it is assumed that they are grown on 2 million hectares of unused agricultural land, the total area of which is up to 4 million hectares in Ukraine. The study of the prospective potential of biomass is performed for 2050, based on key growth factors, such as increasing yield of crops, especially cereals; doubling the area under energy crops and increasing their yields, etc. Results of the assessment show that according to 2018 data, the total bioenergy potential in Ukraine is more than 23 Mtoe (the economic potential). Its largest components are agricultural residues (44%) and energy crops (32%). Expert estimates suggest that by 2050, the biomass potential could increase to more than 47.5 Mtoe/yr, in other words almost to double. Forecasting the structure and directions of use of biomass potential by 2050 shows that about 20 Mtoe of biomass/biofuels of the following types will be consumed for energy: wood biomass, primary and secondary agricultural residues, energy crops, biogas/biomethane from different types of raw materials, liquid biofuels (biodiesel, bioethanol). Conclusions. Areas of use of biomass/biofuels include the production of heat and electricity from solid biofuels, obtaining of biogas and biomethane, as well as the production of motor biofuels (biomethane, biodiesel, bioethanol). In the near future, it is considered necessary to develop a long-term strategy for the development of bioenergy in Ukraine, taking into account results of the study. In turn, the basic figures of the bioenergy development strategy can be used for the elaboration of the updated Energy Strategy of Ukraine until 2050.

scholarly journals Biogas from dedicated energy crops in Northern Italy: electric energy generation costs

GCB Bioenergy ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 899-908 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Schievano ◽  
Giuliana D'Imporzano ◽  
Valentina Orzi ◽  
Giorgio Colombo ◽  
Tommaso Maggiore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Energy ◽  
Energy Generation ◽  
Northern Italy ◽  
Energy Crops ◽  
Generation Costs ◽  
Dedicated Energy Crops

Biomass yield and nitrogen use of potential C4 and C3 dedicated energy crops in a Mediterranean climate

2014 ◽  
Vol 161 ◽  
pp. 149-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel M. Pedroso ◽  
Robert B. Hutmacher ◽  
Daniel Putnam ◽  
Johan Six ◽  
Chris van Kessel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Climate ◽  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Energy Crops ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
Dedicated Energy Crops

An economic analysis of using crop residues for energy in China

2003 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 467-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoping Wang ◽  
Robert Mendelsohn
Keyword(s):  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Marginal Cost ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Rural Households ◽  
Energy Crops ◽  
Coal Burning ◽  
Potential Carbon

This study examines the economics of using crop residues to replace coal burning for energy in China in order to mitigate carbon emissions. About 60 per cent of the available crop residues are now used by rural households in China to replace coal so that the residues are already making a major contribution to controlling China's potential carbon emissions. Using the crop residues more efficiently in village or centralized facilities, shifting to crops with more residues, or growing energy crops can all further reduce carbon emissions. However, accounting for the costs of collecting, transporting, drying and storing crop residues and the foregone crop revenue, the study estimates that the marginal cost to remove more carbon emissions with crop residues will be high.

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