Estimation of biomass potential, carbon stocks, and carbon sequestration of Trigona sp honey bees feed

This study aimed to determine the biomass potential of Trigona sp honey bees in Bontotiro subdistrict as well as its carbon stock and carbon sequestration. The research was carried out for two months starting from May to June 2021, located in the sub district of Bontotiro, district of Bulukumba. The biomass measurement was carried out by making 11 plots with a size of 20 x 20 for the tree level, 10 m x 10 m for the poles level, and 5 m x 5 m for the sapling level. Tree biomass was calcula ted using allometric equations. Measurement of carbon stocks was carried out by multiplying the total biomass with the percentage value of carbon content of 0.47, while the carbon sequestration was calculated by multiplying the average annual growth of biomass with the conversion rate of 1.4667 obtained from the photosynthesis equation. The results showed that the potential of biomass of tree, poles, and sapling levels were 4.5, 1.4, and 0.3 tons/year, respectively. The carbon stocks of the tree, poles, and sapling levels were 68.6, 13.7, and 1.8 tons/year, respectively. The carbon sequestration of the tree, poles, and sapling were 6.6, 2.1, and 0.56 tons/year, respectively.

Biomass Potential of the Marginal Land of the Polish Sudetes Mountain Range

Marginal land is the area remaining in agricultural use, which is not suitable for food production because of its unfavorable ecological, anthropological, and economic conditions. A certain amount of such land exists in mountainous areas. An analysis was undertaken on the example of the Polish Sudeten mountain range of energy use. The study aimed to estimate the biomass potential for the efficient use of agricultural land in mountain areas. The characteristics of the Polish Sudeten Mountains mountain range were characterized using Geographic Information System (GIS) methods. The Polish Sudeten Mountains covers an area of 370,392 ha, 95,341 ha of which is arable land, 35,726 ha of which is class 5 bonitation land with a northern exposure of 19,030 ha and southern exposure of 16,696 ha. Depending on the sowing structure, we can obtain 331,639 tons/year of dry biomass (Miscanthus sacchariflorus on the southern and Helianthus tuberoses on northern exposure). Fertilization levels will significantly affect low yielding plants, and water stress significantly reduced yields in all cases. Due to the steep slope of the 5th-grade halves and intensive rainfall in the mountain region, the establishment of perennial plantations is recommended. The research shows that after the first year of cultivation, yields of 9.27 tons/ha of dry matter can be obtained with a low yield of trees, shrubs and perennials.

Adaptation of superior maize varieties high yield and biomass the availability of animal feed

Maize is the second important commodity after rice in Indonesia. The application of high yielding varieties is one of the best strategies to increase productivity in maize development areas. The aim of the study was to obtain superior varieties with the highest yield potential and biomass to increase productivity and its availability as animal feed. The research was conducted in Pringgabaya district, East Lombok Regency, West Nusa Tenggara from April to June 2020. The field experiment used a randomized block design with treatment of 8 hybrid varieties, where six new superior varieties (Bima-14, Bima 20, HJ-21, JH-27, JH-37, Nasa-29) and two comparison varieties (Bisi-2 and Pioner 21), each treatment was repeated four times. The results showed that there were 3 high yielding hybrid maize varieties, namely JH-37 (8.43 t/ha), Nasa-29 (8.35 t/ha) and HJ-21 (8.15 t/ha) significantly differ from other varieties. For the highest biomass potential, there are 3 superior varieties of hybrid maize, namely HJ-21 (4.82 t/ha), Bima-20 (4.69 t/ha) and JH-27 (4.56 t/ha). High yielding hybrid maize varieties that available as animal feed were JH 37, Nasa-29 and HJ-21.

Utilization of oil palm empty fruit bunches biomass through slow pyrolysis process

The agricultural sector produces solid waste biomass abundantly. However, this biomass potential has not been utilized optimally. Indonesia as the world’s number one producer of oil palm plantations produces enormous biomass potential. Oil palm empty fruit bunches (EFB) are the largest solid waste with a fraction of around 20-23% of fresh fruit bunches. Conventionally, it is only used as plant mulch in plantations areas. However, this biomass can still provide added value to bioenergy products through thermochemical pyrolysis conversion. The study was conducted with EFB raw materials that have been chopped with a size of <2mm, heating rate of 10C/minute with temperature variations of 350°C, 400°C, 450°C, 500°C, and 550°C. The results showed that the EFB pyrolysis at low temperatures produced biochar products, and at high temperatures, it produced maximum product in the form of bio-oil. In the EFB pyrolysis process, biochar with an optimum yield of 36.92% was produced at 350°C, and bio-oil with an optimum yield of 46.60% was produced at a temperature of 550°C.

Biomass Potential of Kayseri Province

Today the decrease of fossil fuels, which are used nearly in every area from heating to manufacture and transportation, and the environmental pollution, and external dependency in energy sector, has increased the studies about alternative energy sources not only in Turkey but also throughout the world. Among these alternative sources, biomass has a significant importance. In this study biomass potential of Kayseri province was examined. The aim of this study is to set forth the electric and biogas energy potential of the biomass sources found in the Kayseri city. In this context potential biomass and biogas calculations were realized. In the result of the calculations made, the biomass energy value obtained from the sources in hand is 5,41TW/year. Similarly the biogas energy value is 85, 97 million meter cube/year.

Provenance and Family Variation in Biomass Potential of Loblolly Pine in the Piedmont of North Carolina

Considerable genetic differences in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) exist for growth, stem form, and wood quality traits that influence biomass/biofuel production. By planting genetically superior trees with desirable biomass/biofuel traits, it is possible to substantially increase the amount of biomass and potential sawtimber trees produced from plantations. Ten of the fastest growing loblolly pine families from two provenances, Atlantic Coastal Plain and Piedmont, were tested for their biomass potential in North Carolina on a Piedmont site. At this northern Piedmont site at age six years, there were no provenance differences for biomass production or for trees with sawtimber potential. Variation in volume and sawtimber potential was significant at the family level. For biomass plantations, risks can be mitigated because of shorter rotation length, allowing for a higher-risk seed lot to capture greater gains in terms of volume. For a longer-rotation sawtimber stand, a more conservative family deployment strategy should be considered to maintain stem quality at the end of the rotation. Understanding the different seed source families and harvest regimes is essential to ensure profitable returns from pine plantations. Study Implications Landowners in the southeastern United States have more choices than ever before regarding the choice of genetic stock of loblolly pine seedlings they plant, and the family selection should reflect the stand management objectives with regard to growth, stem form, and wood quality traits. In a biomass/biofuel production regime, planting families from nonlocal seed sources for increased growth can potentially increase the amount of biomass and sawtimber produced from the plantation, although risks such as increased susceptibility to winter storm damage must be considered. For biomass plantations, with shorter rotation lengths, risks can be reduced allowing for a higher-risk genotype to capture the greater gains in volume. For a sawtimber stand, genotype selections should be more conservative to ensure stem quality at the end of the rotation. Understanding different genotypes and harvest regimes is essential to maximize profit from plantations.