Enhanced dispersion of carbon nanotubes in high density polyethylene matrix using secondary nanofiller and compatibilizer

The physical, mechanical, thermal, and flammability properties of high-density polyethylene/old corrugated container composites reinforced with carbon nanotubes are presented in this study. High-density polyethylene/old corrugated container composites with different loadings of carbon nanotube (0, 1, 3, and 5 phc) were prepared by melt compounding followed by injection molding. Results indicated that the incorporation of carbon nanotube into high-density polyethylene, significantly improved the mechanical properties of the composites. The tensile and flexural properties achieved the maximum values when 3 phc carbon nanotube was added. Meanwhile, the impact strength of the composites progressively decreased with increasing carbon nanotube content. Furthermore, the water absorption and thickness swelling of the samples remarkably reduced with the addition of carbon nanotube. From thermogravimetric analysis data, the presence of carbon nanotube could enhance the thermal stability of the composites, especially the maximum weight loss rate temperature and also the better char residual was obtained at high loading level of carbon nanotube. Simultaneous differential scanning calorimetry thermograms revealed that the thermal degradation temperatures for the samples with carbon nanotube were much higher than those made without carbon nanotube. Moreover, it was found that the addition of carbon nanotube results in a significant enhancement in flame retardancy of the composites. Morphological observations showed that the nanoparticles were predominantly dispersed uniformly within the high-density polyethylene matrix.

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Effect of concentration on low-frequency noise of multiwall carbon nanotubes in high-density polyethylene matrix

Applied Physics Letters ◽

10.1063/1.3502485 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 97 (15) ◽

pp. 152107 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

C. Barone ◽

S. Pagano ◽

H. C. Neitzert

Keyword(s):

Carbon Nanotubes ◽

High Density Polyethylene ◽

Low Frequency ◽

Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes ◽

High Density ◽

Frequency Noise ◽

Low Frequency Noise ◽

Polyethylene Matrix ◽

Multiwall Carbon

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Spectral Optical Properties of Polymer Composite Nanomaterials Based on Carbon Nanotubes in a High-Density Polyethylene Matrix

Optics and Spectroscopy ◽

10.1134/s0030400x18110334 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 125 (5) ◽

pp. 673-678

Author(s):

N. M. Ushakov ◽

M. Yu. Vasil’kov ◽

V. R. Shaturnyi ◽

I. D. Kosobudskii

Keyword(s):

Carbon Nanotubes ◽

Optical Properties ◽

Polymer Composite ◽

High Density Polyethylene ◽

High Density ◽

Composite Nanomaterials ◽

Polyethylene Matrix

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Composition and Surface Topography Effects on Apatite-Forming Ability of Ceramic-Polymer Composites

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/proc-774-o7.26 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 774 ◽

Author(s):

Susan M. Rea ◽

Serena M. Best ◽

William Bonfield

Keyword(s):

Surface Topography ◽

High Density Polyethylene ◽

High Density ◽

Apatite Layer ◽

Biologically Active ◽

Human Blood Plasma ◽

Apatite Formation ◽

Polyethylene Matrix ◽

Composite Surface ◽

X Ray

AbstractHAPEXTM (40 vol% hydroxyapatite in a high-density polyethylene matrix) and AWPEX (40 vol% apatite-wollastonite glass ceramic in a high density polyethylene matrix) are composites designed to provide bioactivity and to match the mechanical properties of human cortical bone. HAPEXTM has had clinical success in middle ear and orbital implants, and there is great potential for further orthopaedic applications of these materials. However, more detailed in vitro investigations must be performed to better understand the biological interactions of the composites and so the bioactivity of each material was assessed in this study. Specifically, the effects of controlled surface topography and ceramic filler composition on apatite layer formation in acellular simulated body fluid (SBF) with ion concentration similar to those of human blood plasma were examined. Samples were prepared as 1 cm × 1 cm × 1 mm tiles with polished, roughened, or parallel-grooved surface finishes, and were incubated in 20 ml of SBF at 36.5 °C for 1, 3, 7, or 14 days. The formation of a biologically active apatite layer on the composite surface after immersion was demonstrated by thin-film x-ray diffraction (TF-XRD), environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) imaging and energy dispersive x-ray (EDX) analysis. Variations in sample weight and solution pH over the period of incubation were also recorded. Significant differences were found between the two materials tested, with greater bioactivity in AWPEX than HAPEXTM overall. Results also indicate that within each material the surface topography is highly important, with rougher samples correlated to earlier apatite formation.

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Stress-Induced Crystal-to-Crystal Transformations in High-Density Polyethylene-Layered Silicate Nanocomposites: A Spectroscopic Study

Applied Spectroscopy ◽

10.1366/0003702055012519 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 59 (9) ◽

pp. 1148-1154 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Spiros Tzavalas ◽

Vasilis G. Gregoriou

Keyword(s):

High Density Polyethylene ◽

Mechanical Strain ◽

Layered Silicate ◽

High Density ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Scanning Calorimetry ◽

Polyethylene Matrix ◽

Dsc Measurements ◽

Infrared Measurements ◽

Ft Ir

High-density polyethylene (HDPE)–clay nanocomposites have been prepared using the melt intercalation technique. Organically modified montmorillonite at various loadings (0.5–7%) was used as a nanoadditive. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) was utilized for the first time to monitor the stress-induced crystal-to-crystal transformations of the polyethylene matrix with respect to the clay loading as well as to the degree of mechanical strain. In addition, polarized infrared measurements revealed information on both the orientation and the stress-induced distortion of the crystals. It was concluded that the crystal-to-crystal transformations are hindered by the presence of the clay, which also prevented the crystals from orienting even at low clay loadings (1%). Finally, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements confirmed the presence of the stress-induced crystalline structures in agreement with the infrared measurements.

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Lifetime assessment of high-density polyethylene–silica nanocomposites

Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology ◽

10.1177/1847980419849984 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

pp. 184798041984998 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

A Dorigato ◽

LE Govaert ◽

A Pegoretti

Keyword(s):

Fumed Silica ◽

High Density Polyethylene ◽

Tensile Tests ◽

Testing Temperature ◽

High Density ◽

Time To Failure ◽

Creep Tests ◽

Polyethylene Matrix ◽

Significant Drop ◽

Fumed Silica Nanoparticles

In this work, the effect of fumed silica on the long-term resistance of high-density polyethylene was investigated. Different amounts of functionalized fumed silica nanoparticles were dispersed in a high-density polyethylene matrix by melt compounding, and compression molded specimens were tested under tensile mode in the quasi-static ramp and creep conditions. In particular, tensile tests at different speeds and temperatures and the subsequent application of the modified Ree–Eyring model allowed the determination of an analytical expression correlating the strain rate with the yield stress and the testing temperature. It was demonstrated that the introduction of fumed silica led to a significant drop in the deformation rate, especially at elevated filler amounts. Creep tests showed that the nanofiller addition led to a progressive reduction of the critical deformation values. The application of this engineering approach evidenced how nanosilica introduction led to a systematic increase of the time-to-failure values, and good accordance between theoretical prediction and experimental measurements was found.

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