A multivariate morphometric analysis of diagnostic traits in southern Italy and Sicily pubescent oaks

AbstractSpecies identification within the species complex of Q. pubescens is a well-known taxonomic challenge among European botanists. Some of the specific pubescent oak binomials currently accepted in various European floras and checklists were originally described in Sicily and southern Calabria. As a consequence, several species belonging to the pubescent oaks group (Q. pubescens, Q. amplifolia, Q. congesta, Q. dalechampii, Q. leptobalana and Q. virgiliana) are reported in the taxonomic and phytosociological literature. To verify whether it was possible to associate a diverse set of morphological characters with each of these different taxa, thirteen natural populations of pubescent oak from Sicily and southern Calabria were sampled. A total of 391 trees, 3,887 leaves and 1,047 fruits were collected. Overall, 28 morphological characters of oak leaves and fruits were statistically analysed using univariate and multivariate procedures. The results showed that neither the groups of morphological diversity identified by cluster analysis, nor those obtained by our expert identification through the use of analytical keys, matched with the current taxonomical frameworks as proposed by the most recent floras and checklists. Nearly all of the morphological characters considered displayed a more or less continuous trend of variation, both within and among populations. In the light of these findings it seems unlikely that more than one biological species of pubescent oak occurs in Sicily and southern Calabria.

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Karakterisasi Anggrek Alam secara Morfologi dalam Rangka Pelestarian Plasma Nutfah

Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Agronomy) ◽

10.24831/jai.v43i2.10419 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 43 (2) ◽

pp. 133 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sri Hartati ◽

Linayanti Darsana

Keyword(s):

Cluster Analysis ◽

Genetic Relationship ◽

Genetic Similarity ◽

Morphological Diversity ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Breeding Program ◽

West Java ◽

East And West

ABSTRACTMorphological characters of natural orchids (species) is an important key for successful breeding program of orchids. This study was aimed to determine the morphological diversity and to study the genetic relationship among natural orchids from Java. The characterization was conducted on 12 orchids collected from Central, East and West Java from April to September 2012. Twenty five characters including stem, leaves, flower, pseudobulb, and root type were evaluated and scored based on Guidance of Orchid Characterization. Cluster analysis was done using the NTSYSpc version 2.02i under UPGMA function of SimQual. The study showed that there was a diversity on morphology of stem, pseudo bulb, leaf, flower and root type. Dendrogram based on genetic similarity at 52% clustered the population into two groups. The first group consisted of Paphiopedilum purpurascens, P. javanicum, P. glaucophylum, Coelogyne flexuosa, C. spesiosa, Dendrobium mutabile. Bulbophyllum blumei and B. biflorum. The second group was Coelogyne tomentosa, C. trinervis, D. crumenatum, and B. flavescens LindlKeywords: cluster analysis, dendrogram, diversity, morphology

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The variability of natural populations of Brachypodium pinnatum and B. sylvaticum based on morphological features

Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae ◽

10.5586/asbp.2008.032 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 77 (3) ◽

pp. 255-262 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Beata Paszko

Keyword(s):

Principal Component Analysis ◽

Native Species ◽

Natural Populations ◽

Principal Component ◽

Morphological Diversity ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Morphometric Data ◽

Single Population ◽

Brachypodium Pinnatum ◽

And Cluster Analysis

The morphological diversity in 25 populations of two native species of Brachypodium occurring in Poland, was studied. Principal component analysis and cluster analysis of morphometric data segregate specimens or populations of Brachypodium into two groups, corresponding to the two species. In most of morphological characters, B. pinnatum and B. sylvaticum are similar to each other. However, in terms of characteristics, such as the hairiness of culms and leaf-sheaths both can also vary much within a single population. In comparison with B. pinnatum, B. sylvaticum always has pubescent abaxial palea surfaces. Apparent differences were not detected between the two ecotypes of B. pinnatum named "Grassland" and "Woodland".

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of The role of polyploidy in shaping morphological diversity in natural populations of Phlox amabilis.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.726977719.793536049 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Carol MacKintosh

Keyword(s):

Natural Populations ◽

Morphological Diversity

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Diversity of Common Bean Landraces Collected in the Western and Eastern Carpatien

Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding ◽

10.17221/3723-cjgpb ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 39 (No. 3) ◽

pp. 73-83 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

O. Horňáková ◽

M. Závodná ◽

M. Žáková ◽

J. Kraic ◽

F. Debre

Keyword(s):

Cluster Analysis ◽

Common Bean ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Molecular Data ◽

Seed Traits ◽

Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽

Growth Type ◽

Banding Patterns ◽

Polymorphism Detection ◽

Thousand Seed Weight

The study of diversity in common bean was based on morphological and agronomical characteristics, differentiation of collected accessions by morphological and molecular markers, detection of genetic variation, and duplicates detection in bean landraces. The analysed 82 accessions of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) were collected in the Western andEastern Carpatien as landrace mixtures. Their seeds were segregated and pooled according to their characteristics; they were further multiplicated, and introduced into the collection. An extensive variation in plant and seed traits was discovered in thirty-three morphological and agronomical characteristics. Nevertheless, some of the accessions were identical in these characteristics. Cluster analysis grouped genotypes into two main branches, reflecting the growth type, seed size parameters, and thousand-seed weight. Molecular differentiation studies were performed by multilocus polymorphism detection in microsatellite and minisatellite DNA regions. Cluster analysis based on molecular data also grouped genotypes but no linkage to morphological traits was revealed. Bean accessions with very similar or identical morphological characters were clearly distinguished by DNA banding patterns. The presence of duplicates was excluded.  

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Wolbachia and Cytoplasmic Incompatibility in the CaliforniaCulex pipiensMosquito Species Complex: Parameter Estimates and Infection Dynamics in Natural Populations

Genetics ◽

10.1093/genetics/165.4.2029 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 165 (4) ◽

pp. 2029-2038 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Jason L Rasgon ◽

Thomas W Scott

Keyword(s):

Species Complex ◽

Cytoplasmic Incompatibility ◽

Natural Populations ◽

Wolbachia Infection ◽

Field Conditions ◽

Parameter Estimates ◽

Infection Prevalence ◽

Infection Frequency ◽

Specific Pcr ◽

Vector Borne

AbstractBefore maternally inherited bacterial symbionts like Wolbachia, which cause cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI; reduced hatch rate) when infected males mate with uninfected females, can be used in a program to control vector-borne diseases it is essential to understand their dynamics of infection in natural arthropod vector populations. Our study had four goals: (1) quantify the number of Wolbachia strains circulating in the California Culex pipiens species complex, (2) investigate Wolbachia infection frequencies and distribution in natural California populations, (3) estimate the parameters that govern Wolbachia spread among Cx. pipiens under laboratory and field conditions, and (4) use these values to estimate equilibrium levels and compare predicted infection prevalence levels to those observed in nature. Strain-specific PCR, wsp gene sequencing, and crossing experiments indicated that a single Wolbachia strain infects Californian Cx. pipiens. Infection frequency was near or at fixation in all populations sampled for 2 years along a >1000-km north-south transect. The combined statewide infection frequency was 99.4%. Incompatible crosses were 100% sterile under laboratory and field conditions. Sterility decreased negligibly with male age in the laboratory. Infection had no significant effect on female fecundity under laboratory or field conditions. Vertical transmission was >99% in the laboratory and ∼98.6% in the field. Using field data, models predicted that Wolbachia will spread to fixation if infection exceeds an unstable equilibrium point above 1.4%. Our estimates accurately predicted infection frequencies in natural populations. If certain technical hurdles can be overcome, our data indicate that Wolbachia can invade vector populations as part of an applied transgenic strategy for vector-borne disease reduction.

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Symmetry breaking of the cellular lobes closely relates to phylogenetic structure within green microalgae of theMicrasteriaslineage (Zygnematophyceae)

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.6098 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 ◽

pp. e6098 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Jiri Neustupa ◽

Jan Stastny

Keyword(s):

Symmetry Breaking ◽

Morphological Diversity ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Morphological Integration ◽

Model Systems ◽

Green Microalgae ◽

Phylogenetic Structure ◽

Morphological Asymmetry ◽

Hierarchical Levels ◽

Average Shape

Green microalgae of theMicrasteriaslineage are unicellular microorganisms with modular morphology consisting of successively differentiated lobes. Due to their morphological diversity and peculiar morphogenesis, these species are important model systems for studies of cytomorphogenesis and cellular plasticity. Interestingly, the phylogenetic structure of theMicrasteriaslineage and most other Desmidiales is poorly related to the traditional morphological characters used for delimitation of taxa. In this study, we focused on symmetry breaking between adjacent cellular lobes in relation to phylogeny of the studied species. While pronounced morphological asymmetry between the adjacent lobes is typical for some species, others have been characterized by the almost identical morphologies of these structures. We asked whether there is any detectable average shape asymmetry between the pairs of lobes and terminal lobules in 19Micrasteriasspecies representing all major clades of this desmidiacean lineage. Then, we evaluated whether the asymmetric patterns among species are phylogenetically structured. The analyses showed that the phylogeny was in fact strongly related to the patterns of morphological asymmetry between the adjacent cellular lobes. Thus, evolution of the asymmetric development between the adjacent lobes proved to be the key event differentiating cellular shape patterns ofMicrasterias. Conversely, the phylogeny was only weakly related to asymmetry between the pairs of terminal lobules. The subsequent analyses of the phylogenetic morphological integration showed that individual hierarchical levels of cellular morphology were only weakly coordinated with regard to asymmetric variation among species. This finding indicates that evolutionary differentiation of morphogenetic processes leading to symmetry breaking may be relatively independent at different branching levels. Such modularity is probably the key to the evolvability of cellular shapes, leading to the extraordinary morphological diversity of these intriguing microalgae.

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A phenetic study of the genus Rasahus Amyot & Serville (Heteroptera, Reduviidae)

Entomologica Fennica ◽

10.33338/ef.83459 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 1 (3) ◽

pp. 131-144

Author(s):

María Coscarón

Keyword(s):

Principal Component Analysis ◽

Cluster Analysis ◽

Principal Component ◽

Component Analysis ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Basal Plate ◽

Using Data ◽

Diagnostic Importance

Cluster analysis by four methods and a principal component analysis were performed using data on 24 morphological characters of 27 species of the genus Rasahus (Peiratinae). The results obtained by the different techniques show general agreement. They confirm the present number of taxa and reveal the existence within the genus of three groups of species: scutellaris , hamatus and vittatus. The scutellaris group is constituted by R. aeneus (Walker), R. maculipennis (Lepelletier and Serville), R. bifurcatas Champion, R. castaneus Coscarón, R. guttatipennis (Stål), R. flavovittarus Stål, R. costarricensis Coscarón, R. scutellaris (Fabricius), R. atratus Coscarón, R. peruensis Coscarón, R. paraguayensis Coscarón, R. surinamensis Coscarón, R. albomaculatus Mayr, R. brasiliensis Coscarón and R. sulcicollis (Serville).The hamatus group contains R. rufiventris (Walker), R. hamatus (Fabricius), R. amapaensis Coscarón, R. arcitenens Stål, R. limai Pinto, R. angulatus coscarón, R. thoracicus Stål, R. biguttatus (Say), R. arcuiger (Stål), R. argentinensis Coscarón and R. grandis Fallou. The vittatus group contains R. vittatus Coscarón. The characters used to separate the groups of species are: shape of the pygophore, shape of the parameres, basal plate complexity, shape of the postocular region and hemelytra pattern. Illustrations of the structures of major diagnostic importance are included.

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Use of Highly Discriminating Morphological Characters and Isozymes in the Study of Spanish Chestnut Cultivars

Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science ◽

10.21273/jashs.131.6.770 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 131 (6) ◽

pp. 770-779 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Santiago Pereira-Lorenzo ◽

María Belén Díaz-Hernández ◽

Ana María Ramos-Cabrer

Keyword(s):

Principal Component Analysis ◽

Cluster Analysis ◽

Multivariate Analysis ◽

Castanea Sativa ◽

Principal Component ◽

Market Value ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Minor Importance ◽

Breeding Programs ◽

And Cluster Analysis

Morphological characters (six traits) and isozymes (four systems, five loci) were used to discriminate between Spanish chestnut cultivars (Castanea sativa Mill.) from the Iberian Peninsula. A total of 701 accessions (representing 168 local cultivars) were analyzed from collections made between 1989 and 2003 in the main chestnut growing areas: 31 were from Andalucía (12 cultivars), 293 from Asturias (65 cultivars), 25 from Castilla-León (nine cultivars), four from Extremadura (two cultivars) and 348 from Galicia (80 cultivars). Data were synthesized using multivariate analysis, principal component analysis, and cluster analysis. A total of 152 Spanish cultivars were verified: 58 cultivars of major importance and 94 of minor importance, of which 18 had high intracultivar variation. Thirty-seven cultivars were clustered into 14 synonymous groups. Six of these were from Galicia, one from Castilla-León (El Bierzo), four from Asturias, one from Asturias and Castilla-León (El Bierzo), and two from Asturias, Castilla-León (El Bierzo), and Galicia. The chestnut cultivars from Galicia and Asturias were undifferentiated in genetic terms, indicating that they are not genetically isolated. Overall, chestnut cultivars from southern Spain showed the least variation. Many (58%) of Spanish cultivars produced more than 100 nuts/kg; removing this low market-value character will be a high priority. The data obtained will be of use in chestnut breeding programs in Spain and elsewhere.

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Distribution of naked amoebae in the soils of the steppe zone of Ukraine

Visnyk of Lviv University Biological series ◽

10.30970/vlubs.2020.82.14 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 159-166

Author(s):

M. Patsyuk ◽

Keyword(s):

Cluster Analysis ◽

Multidimensional Scaling ◽

Species Complex ◽

Steppe Zone ◽

Common Species ◽

Molecular Clusters ◽

The Other ◽

Steppe Region ◽

Species Complexes ◽

Naked Amoebae

As a result of the study, in the steppe zone of Ukraine (Odessa, Mykolaiv, Kirovohrad region), 12 species of naked amoebas were identified, which according to the modern Eukaryot system belong to three molecular clusters Tubulinea Smirnov et al., 2005, Discosea Cavalier-Smith, 2004., Discoba Simpson and Hampl et al., 2009. This species Vahlkampfia sp. (1), Vahlkampfia sp. (2), Deuteramoeba mycophaga Page, 1988, Saccamoeba stagnicola Page, 1974, Vexillifera sp., Vannella sp. Ripellaplatypodia Smirnov, Nassonova, Chao et Cavalier-Smith, 2007, Cochliopodium sp. (1), Mayorella sp., Thecamoeba striata Penard, 1890, Stenamoeba stenopodia (Page, 1969) Smirnov et al., 2007, Acanthamoeba sp. (1). In the studied steppe soils, the most common were Vahlkampfia sp. (2), S. stenopodia, Vahlkampfia sp. (1), Vexillifera sp., Cochliopodium sp. (1); the least common – R. platypodia, D. mycophaga, T. striata, Mayorella sp. As a result of the cluster analysis, it was found that the largest share of common species is observed between Mykolaiv and Kirovograd regions (0.71) and Odessa and Kirovograd regions (0.53); the smallest is between the Odessa and Mykolaiv regions (0.43). According to the results of cluster analysis, the faunistic complexes of soil species of amoebae of the steppe region of Ukraine are united into two clusters: one of them being complexes characteristic of the Odessa region, and the other complexes of the Mykolaiv and Kirovograd regions. According to the results of nonparametric multidimensional scaling, it is established that the species complex of soil amoebae in the Kirovograd and Mykolaiv regions is determined by the increased soil temperature and acidity, compared to the Odessa region. As for moisture, this factor has little effect on the species complexes amoebae steppe region of Ukraine.

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Keragaman Mutan Wijen (Sesamum indicum L.) Berdasarkan Karakter Kualitatif; Diversity of Sesame Mutants (Sesamum indicum L.) Based on Qualitative Characters

Buletin Tanaman Tembakau Serat & Minyak Industri ◽

10.21082/btsm.v13n1.2021.1-13 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Vina Eka Aristya

Keyword(s):

Genetic Variability ◽

Morphological Diversity ◽

Structural Diversity ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Sesamum Indicum ◽

Mutation Induction ◽

Second Phase ◽

Genotype Distribution ◽

Qualitative Characters ◽

Mutant Lines

ABSTRAKSesamum indicum L. adalah salah satu tanaman alternatif penghasil minyak nabati penting. Pendekatan pemuliaan melalui induksi mutasi berusaha untuk menghasilkan variabilitas baru populasi wijen, yang secara umum tersusun dari individu homozigot. Karakter morfologi berguna untuk mengidentifikasi galur dan memastikan hasil pemuliaan mutasi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi keragaman morfologi wijen hasil mutasi berdasarkan 26 karakter kualitatif. Penggalian informasi dengan metode analisis kelompok juga dikaji untuk menggambarkan variabilitas genetik pada 57 galur mutan wijen (jenis hitam dan putih) generasi M4 dan M5. Penelitian ini dilakukan dalam dua tahap: tahap pertama terdiri 18 galur generasi M4, dievaluasi pada Maret-Agustus 2015; tahap kedua terdiri atas 39 galur M5, ditanam pada November 2015 hingga April 2016. Pemeriksaan penampilan kualitatif mengikuti panduan descriptor list untuk wijen. Secara umum, penilaian representatif dari sifat kualitatif pada galur mutan wijen generasi M4 akan diikuti oleh keturunan generasi M5. Dendrogram dibangun untuk membedakan galur menjadi kelompok berdasarkan matriks tingkat kemiripan. Struktur populasi utama dari 57 galur berdasarkan sifat kualitatif dikategorikan dalam dua kelompok besar. Materi genotipe kelompok I diklasifikasikan menjadi dua sub-kelompok, terdiri 17 dan 31 galur. Sub-kelompok ini menjadi bagian distribusi genotipe terbesar. Kelompok II tersusun oleh 9 galur, mayoritas dari M4. Nilai korelasi antar karakter bervariasi antara 0,7176 hingga 1,0. Keragaman morfologi antar galur wijen dipengaruhi oleh sifat genetik dibandingkan faktor lingkungan. Studi ini membantu seleksi galur terpilih berdasarkan kestabilan fenotipe. Evaluasi keragaman struktur populasi wijen mutan bermanfaat untuk program pemuliaan.ABSTRACTSesamum indicum L. is one of the alternative crops that produces vegetative oil. The plant breeding approach through mutation induction could produce new genetic variability in sesame populations, which are generally composed of homozygous individuals. The study aims were to determine the diversity of sesame-mutant lines based on 26 qualitative characters. Cluster analysis method was carried out to describe the genetic variability of 57 sesame mutant lines (consist of black and white types) 4th (M4) and 5th generations (M5). The study was done in two phases, the first phases consisted of 18 M4 lines planted in March-August 2015; the second phase consisted 39 M5 lines planted in November 2015 to April 2016. Analyses of qualitative morphological characters followed the descriptors list for sesame. In general, a representative assessment of qualitative traits in M4 lines will be followed by the offspring of M5. Dendrogram showed that the 57 mutant lines categorized into two major clusters. Cluster I were composed of two sub-clusters, consisting 17 and 31 lines. This sub-cluster was the largest part of the genotype distribution. Cluster II composed of 9 lines, where M4 were the majority. The correlation value between characters ranged from 0.7176 up to 1.0. Morphological diversity among lines were largely influenced by genetic rather than environmental factors. This study supports the selection of lines based on phenotype stability. Evaluation of the structural diversity of mutant-sesame populations could be applied in sesame-breeding programs.

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