Keragaman Mutan Wijen (Sesamum indicum L.) Berdasarkan Karakter Kualitatif; Diversity of Sesame Mutants (Sesamum indicum L.) Based on Qualitative Characters

ABSTRAKSesamum indicum L. adalah salah satu tanaman alternatif penghasil minyak nabati penting. Pendekatan pemuliaan melalui induksi mutasi berusaha untuk menghasilkan variabilitas baru populasi wijen, yang secara umum tersusun dari individu homozigot. Karakter morfologi berguna untuk mengidentifikasi galur dan memastikan hasil pemuliaan mutasi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi keragaman morfologi wijen hasil mutasi berdasarkan 26 karakter kualitatif. Penggalian informasi dengan metode analisis kelompok juga dikaji untuk menggambarkan variabilitas genetik pada 57 galur mutan wijen (jenis hitam dan putih) generasi M4 dan M5. Penelitian ini dilakukan dalam dua tahap: tahap pertama terdiri 18 galur generasi M4, dievaluasi pada Maret-Agustus 2015; tahap kedua terdiri atas 39 galur M5, ditanam pada November 2015 hingga April 2016. Pemeriksaan penampilan kualitatif mengikuti panduan descriptor list untuk wijen. Secara umum, penilaian representatif dari sifat kualitatif pada galur mutan wijen generasi M4 akan diikuti oleh keturunan generasi M5. Dendrogram dibangun untuk membedakan galur menjadi kelompok berdasarkan matriks tingkat kemiripan. Struktur populasi utama dari 57 galur berdasarkan sifat kualitatif dikategorikan dalam dua kelompok besar. Materi genotipe kelompok I diklasifikasikan menjadi dua sub-kelompok, terdiri 17 dan 31 galur. Sub-kelompok ini menjadi bagian distribusi genotipe terbesar. Kelompok II tersusun oleh 9 galur, mayoritas dari M4. Nilai korelasi antar karakter bervariasi antara 0,7176 hingga 1,0. Keragaman morfologi antar galur wijen dipengaruhi oleh sifat genetik dibandingkan faktor lingkungan. Studi ini membantu seleksi galur terpilih berdasarkan kestabilan fenotipe. Evaluasi keragaman struktur populasi wijen mutan bermanfaat untuk program pemuliaan.ABSTRACTSesamum indicum L. is one of the alternative crops that produces vegetative oil. The plant breeding approach through mutation induction could produce new genetic variability in sesame populations, which are generally composed of homozygous individuals. The study aims were to determine the diversity of sesame-mutant lines based on 26 qualitative characters. Cluster analysis method was carried out to describe the genetic variability of 57 sesame mutant lines (consist of black and white types) 4th (M4) and 5th generations (M5). The study was done in two phases, the first phases consisted of 18 M4 lines planted in March-August 2015; the second phase consisted 39 M5 lines planted in November 2015 to April 2016. Analyses of qualitative morphological characters followed the descriptors list for sesame. In general, a representative assessment of qualitative traits in M4 lines will be followed by the offspring of M5. Dendrogram showed that the 57 mutant lines categorized into two major clusters. Cluster I were composed of two sub-clusters, consisting 17 and 31 lines. This sub-cluster was the largest part of the genotype distribution. Cluster II composed of 9 lines, where M4 were the majority. The correlation value between characters ranged from 0.7176 up to 1.0. Morphological diversity among lines were largely influenced by genetic rather than environmental factors. This study supports the selection of lines based on phenotype stability. Evaluation of the structural diversity of mutant-sesame populations could be applied in sesame-breeding programs.

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Agro-Morphological Diversity (Qualitative Traits) of Oryza sativa L. Cultivated in Paiyunpata Village, Baglung, Nepal

Nepal Journal of Science and Technology ◽

10.3126/njst.v19i1.29732 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 9-15

Author(s):

Hom Nath Pathak

Keyword(s):

Morphological Traits ◽

Oryza Sativa L ◽

Crop Improvement ◽

Germplasm Conservation ◽

Morphological Diversity ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Rice Varieties ◽

Central Nepal ◽

Qualitative Characters ◽

Study Sites

The study was carried out in Paiyunpata, Baglung-13, which lies in the southern part of Baglung Bazaar, Central Nepal. The main objective of the present study was to study the agro-morphological traits of rice varieties cultivated in the study area and make easy ways for germplasm conservation. Direct observation and measurements were carried out to collect primary data.Agro-morphological characters of 19 landraces of rice in the study sites were measured in terms of qualitative characters and made ways easy for germplasm conservation. Besides, the varied landraces may besuggested to breeding for crop improvement, but patents should be that of the community.

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Molecular and Morphological Diversity Studies of Five Cola (Schott and Endl.) Species in Ibadan, Nigeria

Annual Research & Review in Biology ◽

10.9734/arrb/2020/v35i930266 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-13

Author(s):

ThankGod Timipanipiri Wood ◽

Elijah Ige Ohimain

Keyword(s):

Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽

Morphological Diversity ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Leaf Length ◽

Floral Colour ◽

Quantitative Characters ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Qualitative Characters ◽

Dna Primers ◽

Ibadan Nigeria

Intra- and inter-species genetic diversity study was carried out comparing the molecular and morphological characters of five Cola species namely Cola acuminata, Cola nitida, Cola millenii, Cola lepidota and Cola gigantea collected from five locations in Ibadan, Nigeria. Sixteen Cola accessions were analysed based on 7 quantitative characters, 12 qualitative characters and 8 Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA primers. From the quantitative characters studied, high significant difference across the location and species was recorded as leaf length had the strongest variability while the species obtained from Botany Nursery showed strongest locational effect on the vegetative leaf characters. All quantitative characters analysed were good determinants for delimiting Cola species. Cola lepidota recorded the highest variability compared to the other Cola species. Qualitative characters studied revealed that leaf surface, seed colour, and floral colour are strong characters for delimiting Cola species. Molecular analysis showed that 309 fragments were recorded, of which 28.5% were polymorphic while 8.4% were monomorphic. Genetic similarities ranged from 0.44 to 0.93 for the 16 Cola accessions with a mean value of 0.67. Deductions from the combined effect of molecular and morphological characters showed high variability for the characters analysed and a likely monophyletic relationship for the 16 Cola accessions. Molecular and morphological determinants observed in this study can help Cola breeders identify species of interest. We recommend further research on the variability of Cola species.

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PENGARUH IRADIASI SINAR GAMMA (60Co) TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN PRODUKSI JAHE PUTIH KECIL (Zingiber officinale var.a ma rum)

Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri ◽

10.21082/littri.v21n2.2015.47-56 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (2) ◽

pp. 47

Author(s):

NURLIANI BERMAWIE ◽

NUR LAELA W. MEILAWATI ◽

S. PURWIYANTI ◽

MELATI MELATI

Keyword(s):

Genetic Variability ◽

Gamma Irradiation ◽

Plant Height ◽

Irradiation Dose ◽

Leaf Size ◽

Zingiber Officinale ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Split Plot ◽

Qualitative Characters ◽

Main Plot

ABSTRAKKeragaman genetik plasma nutfah jahe rendah sehingga perlu dilakukan peningkatan keragaman, antara lain dengan iradiasi sinar gamma. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh dosis iradiasi terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi jahe putih kecil. Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Balai Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Obat serta Kebun Percobaan Cicurug, Sukabumi pada bulan Juni 2010 sampai dengan Mei 2011. Iradiasi dilakukan di P3TIR, BATAN, Jakarta. Percobaan disusun menggunakan rancangan split plot dengan petak utama dua aksesi jahe putih kecil ZIOF 0048 dan HALINA 1 dan anak petak adalah 11 dosis iradiasi (0-50 Gy) dengan interval 5 Gy. Perlakuan diulang sebanyak tiga kali. Pengamatan karakter morfologi dilakukan secara kuantitatif dan kualitatif pada umur 2, 3, dan 4 BST. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan aksesi berpengaruh terhadap radiosensitivitas. Aksesi HALINA 1 lebih sensitif dibandingkan dengan ZIOF 0048 ditunjukkan dengan nilai LD50 HALINA 1 (11,07 Gy) lebih rendah dari LD50 ZIOF 0048 (13,43 Gy). Interaksi aksesi pada dosis 5 dan 10 Gy memiliki nilai terbaik pada tinggi tanaman, ukuran daun serta jumlah anakan. Dosis mempengaruhi tinggi tanaman, ukuran daun, diameter dan panjang batang, serta jumlah daun. Pertumbuhan tanaman semakin meningkat dengan bertambahnya umur tanaman. Namun, semakin tinggi dosis iradiasi, pertumbuhan tanaman semakin melambat. Pertumbuhan tanaman terbaik diperoleh pada dosis 5 Gy, dan tidak berbeda dengan kontrol. Bobot dan ukuran rimpang terbaik (964 g/rumpun) diperoleh dari HALINA 1 pada dosis 10 Gy, dan berbeda dengan kontrol (454 g/rumpun), serta perlakuan lainnya.Kata kunci: Zingiber officinale var. amarum, iradiasi sinar gamma (60Co), keragaman genetik, mutasi, karakter morfologi. The Effect of Gamma Irradiation (60Co) on the Growth and Production of Small White Ginger (Zingiber officinale var. amarum)ABSTRACTGenetic variability of ginger germplasm was low, therefore it was necessary to broaden genetic variability using gamma irradiation. This research aimed to see the effect of irradiation on the growth of small white ginger. This study was conducted in the Plant Breeding Laboratory, Indonesian Spice and Medicinal Crops Research Institute and the Cicurug Experimental Garden Sukabumi from June 2010 to May 2011. Irradiation was undertaken in P3TIR, BATAN, Jakarta. The experiment was arranged in a split plot design with the main plot was two accessions HALINA 1 and ZIOF 00 48, and the sub plots was 11 irradiation doses (0-50 Gy) with 5 Gy interval. The experiment was replicated three times. Parameters observed were quantitative and qualitative characters at 2,3 and 4 months after planting (MAPs). Results showed that accession influenced radiosensitivity. Accession HALINA 1 was more radiosensitive than ZIOF 0048, indicated by LD50 of HALINA 1 was 11.0693 Gy, lower than ZIOF 0048 13.4254 Gy. Interaction between accessions at 5 and 10 Gy showed the highest plant height, leaf size, and number of shoots. Irradiation dose affected plant height, leaf size, stem diameter and length, and number of leaf. The plant growth increased in conjunction with plant age, but the higher irradiation dose, the growth of plants slowed down. The best plant growth was obtained from 5 Gy, not different from control. The highest rhizome weight (964 g/plant) was obtained from HALINA 1 treated with 10 Gy, differ from control (545 g/plant) and the other treatments.Keywords: Zingiber officinale var. amarum, gamma irradiation (60Co), genetic variability, mutation, morphological characters.

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Assessment of Genetic Divergence in Mutant Lines of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)

JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND REVIEW IN SCIENCE ◽

10.36108/jrrslasu/9102/60(0110) ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Sunday Clement Makinde ◽

Regland Onyemeka

Keyword(s):

Genetic Variability ◽

Solanum Lycopersicum ◽

Sodium Azide ◽

Genetic Divergence ◽

Block Design ◽

Mutation Breeding ◽

Fruit Weight ◽

Solanum Lycopersicum L ◽

Qualitative Characters ◽

Mutant Lines

Introduction: Mutation breeding is the process of exposing seeds to chemicals or radiation in order to generate mutants with desirable traits. Aim: This study is aimed at assessing the genetic variability among mutant lines of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) generated from a variety of tomato (Roma VF) using two different chemo-mutagens. Materials and Method: The collected seeds were exposed to different concentrations of Sodium azide and Colchicine with varied period of exposure. The seeds were planted and selected 49 positive mutant lines were assessed for morphological genetic variability and yield. 18 mutant lines that produced fruits were tagged and selected. The fruits of the selected mutants were harvested and the seeds (M2 seeds) were subsequently planted for divergence analysis. Ten quantitative characters and twenty qualitative characters were scored using IPGRI standard tomato descriptor. The potted experiment was laid out in the Green House, using Randomized Block Design (RBD) with three replications. Result: The results of this study revealed a high genetic divergence among the mutant lines in both quantitative and qualitative characters. There was significant LSD (0.05) for Germination percentage (7.66), Plant height at maturity (7.05) and Number of leaves at maturity (4.56). The yield (fresh fruit weight) varied significantly, ranging from 10.00g for LeMT29 to 319.70g for LeMT7 respectively. Fruit and plant qualitative characters equally exhibit variation. Conclusion: These observations suggest the existence of genetic variability among the different mutant tomato lines. Further selection and field trials is recommended to identify suitable and desirable lines for possible variety release. To Keywords: Mutant, Tomato, Colchicine, Sodium azide, genetic variability.

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Preliminary study on morphological diversity of cowpea accessions [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] collected in the North of Côte d’Ivoire

International Journal of Current Research in Biosciences and Plant Biology ◽

10.20546/ijcrbp.2021.809.001 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (9) ◽

pp. 1-12

Author(s):

ASSOUMAN Jean Simon Konan ◽

DIARRASSOUBA Nafan ◽

YAO Saraka Didier Martial

Keyword(s):

Vigna Unguiculata ◽

Cote D'ivoire ◽

Côte D’Ivoire ◽

Multiple Correspondence Analysis ◽

Morphological Diversity ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Cote D’Ivoire ◽

The North ◽

Côte D'ivoire ◽

Qualitative Characters

The collection and characterization of the diversity of local cowling ecotypes is an important lever in defining the species’ strategies for varietal improvement. The purpose of this study was to generate information on the diversity of cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] cultivars in the savannah area of Côte d’Ivoire. Collecting missions were carried out from December 2017 to February 2018, among farmers and traders in nine departments in the north of Côte d’Ivoire. These missions brought together 48 local cowpea ecotypes in seed form. These accessions were characterized on the basis of eight morphological characters, including two quantitative characters (weight of 100 seeds and length of seeds) and six qualitative characters (color, shape, presence of stain, appearance, eye shape and color around the hilum of seed). Overall, the results showed considerable variability in seed coat coloration in varying proportions. Overall, 35.42% of the samples collected were white, 33.33% were red and 31.25% were other colors. The Multiple Correspondence analysis carried out using all the qualitative characters made it possible to group the 48 accessions collected into 16 morphological groups or morphotypes with distinct characteristics. In addition, they reflect a good part of the morphological diversity of cowpea accessions from the north of Côte d'Ivoire that could be exploited in varietal selection programs for the species.

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Classification of confectionary sunflower genotypes based on morphological characters

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859617000739 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 155 (10) ◽

pp. 1594-1609 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

N. HLADNI ◽

S. TERZIĆ ◽

B. MUTAVDŽIĆ ◽

M. ZORIĆ

Keyword(s):

Diversity Index ◽

Morphological Diversity ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Morphological Characterization ◽

Mean Value ◽

Shannon Index ◽

Genotype Distribution ◽

Discriminative Power ◽

Comprehensive Overview

SUMMARYKnowledge of genetic diversity of confectionary sunflower can have a large impact on its use in breeding programmes. However, levels and distribution of genetic variation within the confectionary sunflower gene pool are still not adequately explored. The aim of the present paper was to describe the diversity of 68 confectionary sunflower genotypes: open-pollinated varieties, lines and hybrids. A total of 32 morphological traits were used for characterization. The Shannon & Weaver diversity index (H) was estimated as a measure of morphological diversity. The mean value of the Shannon index was 0·71, which indicates a high morphological diversity. The lowest diversity was found for leaf descriptors, moderately high to high for seed traits, while the highest values were found for disc flowers and ray florets. The highest individual descriptor diversity was found for: head attitude, the angle of leaf lateral nerves and ray floret disposition. The homogeneity analysis (HOMALS) multivariate reduction technique for nominal categorical data proved to be an efficient method for a comprehensive overview of genotype diversity and group homogeneity. Besides diversity, the number of categories and uniformity of genotype distribution determines discriminative power of descriptors. Traits that contributed the most to the distinction of genotypes were identified, enabling differentiation of genotypes with similar phenotypic attributes. The highest discriminative power was observed in traits such as anthocyanin colouration of stigma (DFIA), seed colour of stripes and seed main colour. The genotypes tested formed two distinctive major groups of varieties and hybrids with inbred lines widely dispersed along both axes. A separate grouping was obtained per the most discriminative traits based on HOMALS analysis, while the best separation was obtained using DFIA. Isolated genotypes that may not be representative by yield or seed-specific traits can be useful sources of traits for breeding. Morphological characterization can be used to improve description and classification of confectionary sunflower germplasm when evaluating diversity.

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Genetic variability and heritability on Kipas Putih soybean mutant lines using gamma rays irradiation (M3 generation)

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science ◽

10.1088/1755-1315/122/1/012041 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 122 ◽

pp. 012041

Author(s):

Nilahayati ◽

Rosmayati ◽

D S Hanafiah ◽

F Harahap

Keyword(s):

Genetic Variability ◽

Gamma Rays ◽

Mutant Lines

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Assessment of genetic variability among selected species of Apocynaceae

Biologia ◽

10.2478/s11756-010-0134-3 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 66 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Tariq Mahmood ◽

Anna Iqbal ◽

Nazia Nazar ◽

Ishrat Naveed ◽

Bilal Abbasi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Variability ◽

Catharanthus Roseus ◽

Rapd Markers ◽

Molecular Level ◽

Ornamental Plants ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Randomly Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽

Medicinal Uses ◽

Alstonia Scholaris ◽

Thevetia Peruviana

AbstractFamily Apocynaceae is an economically important family grown as ornamental plants and many wild species have medicinal uses as well. The aim of the present study was to understand the level and pattern of genetic variability among the selected individuals of Apocynaceae. For this purpose, three species of different genera of Apocynaceae, Thevetia peruviana, Alstonia scholaris and Catharanthus roseus, were collected from Rawalpindi and Quaid-i-Azam University forest, Islamabad. To evaluate the level of polymorphism within the species and members of different species, randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were used. A series of OPC RAPD primers were used; only six primers of OPC series gave amplification. Highest genetic variation at interspecific and intraspecific levels was shown by OPC 9 and the lowest polymorphism was observed in OPC 4. The data was analyzed by using software Statistica 5.5. In total 105 monomorphic and 272 polymorphic bands were produced from all primers. Therefore, out of 322 amplified products, 26% were monomorphic and 68% were polymorphic. Low genetic diversification was observed both at intraspecific and interspecific level. At the molecular level Alstonia scholaris and Catharanthus roseus (subfamily Plumerioideae) appeared in a group and Thevetia peruviana (subfamily Rauvolfoideae) formed another group, confirming the classification based on morphological characters.

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Structural diversity of the wood of temperate species of Acacia s.s. (Leguminosae: Mimosoideae)

Australian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1071/bt13053 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 61 (4) ◽

pp. 291 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Frances Whinder ◽

Kerri L. Clarke ◽

Nigel W. M. Warwick ◽

Peter E. Gasson

Keyword(s):

New South ◽

Structural Diversity ◽

Consistent Difference ◽

Growth Rings ◽

Axial Parenchyma ◽

South Wales ◽

Great Utility ◽

Australian Continent ◽

Qualitative Characters ◽

Perforation Plates

Acacia s.s. comprises approximately 1020 species (i.e. just under one-third of all mimosoid legumes) and is almost entirely restricted to, although widespread, on the Australian continent. We investigated variation in the wood anatomy of 12 species from temperate New South Wales in a study concentrating on four recognised taxonomic sections (Botrycephalae, Juliflorae, Phyllodineae and Plurinerves), to elucidate which characteristics are consistent within the sections, having removed climatic effect as much as possible. The sections had great utility in species identification, whereas none of the wood characters reflected the hypothesised phylogeny of the genus. The main consistent difference among species was in ray width (uniseriate versus 1–3 cells wide). All species had distinct growth rings. The vessels had alternate vestured pitting and simple perforation plates. Fibres were generally thick-walled, and many fibres had a gelatinous inner wall (tension wood fibres) and were inconsistently distributed. Axial parenchyma was mainly paratracheal, ranging from vasicentric to confluent and varied greatly in abundance. Prismatic crystals were usually present in chambered fibres and axial parenchyma strands, and also varied in abundance. The variation in these qualitative characters obscures taxonomic differences, but may allow inferences to be made about environmental adaptation.

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Symmetry breaking of the cellular lobes closely relates to phylogenetic structure within green microalgae of theMicrasteriaslineage (Zygnematophyceae)

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.6098 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 ◽

pp. e6098 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Jiri Neustupa ◽

Jan Stastny

Keyword(s):

Symmetry Breaking ◽

Morphological Diversity ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Morphological Integration ◽

Model Systems ◽

Green Microalgae ◽

Phylogenetic Structure ◽

Morphological Asymmetry ◽

Hierarchical Levels ◽

Average Shape

Green microalgae of theMicrasteriaslineage are unicellular microorganisms with modular morphology consisting of successively differentiated lobes. Due to their morphological diversity and peculiar morphogenesis, these species are important model systems for studies of cytomorphogenesis and cellular plasticity. Interestingly, the phylogenetic structure of theMicrasteriaslineage and most other Desmidiales is poorly related to the traditional morphological characters used for delimitation of taxa. In this study, we focused on symmetry breaking between adjacent cellular lobes in relation to phylogeny of the studied species. While pronounced morphological asymmetry between the adjacent lobes is typical for some species, others have been characterized by the almost identical morphologies of these structures. We asked whether there is any detectable average shape asymmetry between the pairs of lobes and terminal lobules in 19Micrasteriasspecies representing all major clades of this desmidiacean lineage. Then, we evaluated whether the asymmetric patterns among species are phylogenetically structured. The analyses showed that the phylogeny was in fact strongly related to the patterns of morphological asymmetry between the adjacent cellular lobes. Thus, evolution of the asymmetric development between the adjacent lobes proved to be the key event differentiating cellular shape patterns ofMicrasterias. Conversely, the phylogeny was only weakly related to asymmetry between the pairs of terminal lobules. The subsequent analyses of the phylogenetic morphological integration showed that individual hierarchical levels of cellular morphology were only weakly coordinated with regard to asymmetric variation among species. This finding indicates that evolutionary differentiation of morphogenetic processes leading to symmetry breaking may be relatively independent at different branching levels. Such modularity is probably the key to the evolvability of cellular shapes, leading to the extraordinary morphological diversity of these intriguing microalgae.

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