Adoption, Cost and Livelihood Impact of Machinery Services Used in Small-Scale Sugarcane Production in Thailand

Sugar Tech ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 543-556 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wirawat Chaya ◽  
Boosya Bunnag ◽  
Shabbir H. Gheewala
Keyword(s):  
Small Scale ◽  
Sugarcane Production

scholarly journals Prevalence and Severity of Ratoon Stunt in Commercial Brazilian Sugarcane Fields

Plant Disease ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 101 (5) ◽  
pp. 815-821 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. Urashima ◽  
M. F. Silva ◽  
J. J. Correa ◽  
M. C. Moraes ◽  
A. V. Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Open Access ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Sugarcane Production ◽  
Sugarcane Varieties ◽  
Planting Material ◽  
First Time ◽  
Open Access Article

Brazil has 9 million ha of sugarcane, 85% of which are located in the Center-South area of the country. Field trials and surveys around the globe have shown that ratoon stunt disease (RSD), caused by Leifsonia xyli subsp. xyli, can severely reduce tonnage yield. Previous small-scale studies in Brazil have demonstrated RSD infection in all varieties, with values varying from 25 to 68%. Nevertheless, the prevalence and severity of RSD in commercial fields had not previously been assessed. To address this issue, we surveyed 13,173 ha in 1,154 fields of the eight main sugarcane varieties of the Center-South area, taking 92,114 samples from 50 mills in five different states. Our data showed that 10% of fields were infected, and that 58% of mills had at least one RSD-infected field. The variety RB92579 had the highest proportion of infected fields (17%) and, on average, the prevalence and severity in these fields was high compared with other varieties. RB867515, the most cultivated in Brazil, showed infection in 6.2% of sampled fields (5.5% of sampled area) causing an estimated annual economic loss of over US$1 million. This was the first time the economic importance of RSD on Brazilian commercial sugarcane production was estimated. The Cerrado region had the highest prevalence of RSD: 16% of fields, 17% of the cultivated area, and 82% of mills. The use of diseased planting material was identified in 9% of plant cane fields, representing 10% of the cultivated area. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2017 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .

scholarly journals Traversing State, Agribusinesses, and Farmers’ Land Discourse in Kenyan Commercial Intensive Agriculture

2021 ◽  
pp. 181-197
Author(s):  
Peter Narh
Keyword(s):  
Land Reform ◽  
Intensive Agriculture ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Sugarcane Production ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Power And Control ◽  
Lack Of Control ◽  
External Sources ◽  
Small Scale Farmers ◽  
And Control

AbstractFrom a qualitative study of sugarcane production in Chemelil(western Kenya) and insights drawn from the Kenyan land reform enacted in 2012, this study contends that the goal of land reform to provide farmers with certainty of rights to land to invest in and benefit from agriculture is heavily weakened by the farmers’ lack of control over agricultural inputs. Land reform and intensive agriculture, such as sugarcane production, share the same market-based land discourse, where land is considered an environmental asset to be harnessed efficiently for high productivity. Although this discourse supports the application of high inputs for maximum agricultural outputs, it has also eroded farmers’ power and control over their lands. This loss of power and control occurs through the supply of high-cost agricultural inputs from external sources, such as state research agencies and the Chemelil Sugar Company. The control of inputs by sources external to farmers stifles possible farm-based innovations that could reduce farming costs. The chapter, thus, contends that, although land reform aims at farmers’ utmost benefit from land, the farmer’s lack of control over agricultural inputs limits the benefits they derive from land use for intensive agriculture; this is especially true in the case of small-scale farmers.

scholarly journals Factors Affecting Sugarcane Production by Small-Scale Growers in Ndwedwe Local Unicipality, South Africa

Agriculture ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 170
Author(s):  
Nkosingiphile Samuel Zulu ◽  
Melusi Sibanda ◽  
Bokang Stephen Tlali
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Production Function ◽  
Optimal Allocation ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Sugarcane Production ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
The Government

Sugarcane is an important crop worldwide due to its many nutritional and economic uses. Small-scale sugarcane growers (SSGs) are a significant sector of sugarcane production in South Africa. However, the number of SSGs is noted to have declined from as early as the 2000s to the present time. As a result of the declining sugarcane production, there are now generally fewer SSGs. However, it is not clear cut as to what caused the decrease in sugarcane production by SSGs. The primary objective of this paper is to determine the factors affecting the sugarcane production by SSGs in Mona and Sonkombo in Ndwedwe Local Municipality. Data collection was through a well-structured questionnaire administered to 100 SSGs (that is, 50 respondents each from the study sites, namely Mona and Sonkombo) that were randomly selected. The paper employs descriptive statistics to describe farm characteristics, and a production function (Cobb–Douglass production function (CDPF)) analysis using the ordinary least squares (OLS) criterion to estimate the parameters affecting sugarcane production. Results show that late harvesting (by up to three (3) weeks), late fertiliser application (by up to six (6) months, and chemicals (Gramoxone) application (by up to five (5) months) were primary challenges facing SSGs, likely to result in declining sugarcane yield. The CDPF regression analysis reveals that significant predictors of the production function are: labour and the amount of chemicals (Gramoxone) applied. Labour (man-days/ha), amount of chemicals (Gramoxone) applied are found to be statistically significant and positively correlated with sugarcane production. The government, through the relevant Department of Agriculture, including the private sector, should intensify out-grower technical services for SSGs to realise higher production per hectare. Such services would ensure optimal allocation and application of inputs, labour and chemicals (herbicides and pesticides), respectively, at the right time to ensure efficacy. There is also a need to introduce buying consortiums for SSGs to reduce the costs of inputs.

Reasons to strike first

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Buckner ◽  
Luke Glowacki
Keyword(s):  
Intergroup Conflict ◽  
Small Scale

Abstract De Dreu and Gross predict that attackers will have more difficulty winning conflicts than defenders. As their analysis is presumed to capture the dynamics of decentralized conflict, we consider how their framework compares with ethnographic evidence from small-scale societies, as well as chimpanzee patterns of intergroup conflict. In these contexts, attackers have significantly more success in conflict than predicted by De Dreu and Gross's model. We discuss the possible reasons for this disparity.

Exploring Coronal Structures with SOHO

2000 ◽  
Vol 179 ◽  
pp. 403-406
Author(s):  
M. Karovska ◽  
B. Wood ◽  
J. Chen ◽  
J. Cook ◽  
R. Howard
Keyword(s):  
Solar Corona ◽  
Image Enhancement ◽  
Coronal Mass Ejections ◽  
Dynamical Evolution ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Low Contrast ◽  
Contrast Structures ◽  
Scale Structures ◽  
Small Scale Structures ◽  
Coronal Structures

AbstractWe applied advanced image enhancement techniques to explore in detail the characteristics of the small-scale structures and/or the low contrast structures in several Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs) observed by SOHO. We highlight here the results from our studies of the morphology and dynamical evolution of CME structures in the solar corona using two instruments on board SOHO: LASCO and EIT.

Scanning tunneling microscopy and atomic force microscopy: New tools for biology

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 778-779
Author(s):  
CE Bracker ◽  
P. K. Hansma
Keyword(s):  
Physical Property ◽  
Scanning Probe ◽  
Scanning Tunneling ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Tunneling Microscopy ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
New Family ◽  
Small Probe ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Transmission Electron

A new family of scanning probe microscopes has emerged that is opening new horizons for investigating the fine structure of matter. The earliest and best known of these instruments is the scanning tunneling microscope (STM). First published in 1982, the STM earned the 1986 Nobel Prize in Physics for two of its inventors, G. Binnig and H. Rohrer. They shared the prize with E. Ruska for his work that had led to the development of the transmission electron microscope half a century earlier. It seems appropriate that the award embodied this particular blend of the old and the new because it demonstrated to the world a long overdue respect for the enormous contributions electron microscopy has made to the understanding of matter, and at the same time it signalled the dawn of a new age in microscopy. What we are seeing is a revolution in microscopy and a redefinition of the concept of a microscope.Several kinds of scanning probe microscopes now exist, and the number is increasing. What they share in common is a small probe that is scanned over the surface of a specimen and measures a physical property on a very small scale, at or near the surface. Scanning probes can measure temperature, magnetic fields, tunneling currents, voltage, force, and ion currents, among others.

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