scholarly journals Prevalence and Severity of Ratoon Stunt in Commercial Brazilian Sugarcane Fields

Plant Disease ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 101 (5) ◽  
pp. 815-821 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. Urashima ◽  
M. F. Silva ◽  
J. J. Correa ◽  
M. C. Moraes ◽  
A. V. Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Open Access ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Sugarcane Production ◽  
Sugarcane Varieties ◽  
Planting Material ◽  
First Time ◽  
Open Access Article

Brazil has 9 million ha of sugarcane, 85% of which are located in the Center-South area of the country. Field trials and surveys around the globe have shown that ratoon stunt disease (RSD), caused by Leifsonia xyli subsp. xyli, can severely reduce tonnage yield. Previous small-scale studies in Brazil have demonstrated RSD infection in all varieties, with values varying from 25 to 68%. Nevertheless, the prevalence and severity of RSD in commercial fields had not previously been assessed. To address this issue, we surveyed 13,173 ha in 1,154 fields of the eight main sugarcane varieties of the Center-South area, taking 92,114 samples from 50 mills in five different states. Our data showed that 10% of fields were infected, and that 58% of mills had at least one RSD-infected field. The variety RB92579 had the highest proportion of infected fields (17%) and, on average, the prevalence and severity in these fields was high compared with other varieties. RB867515, the most cultivated in Brazil, showed infection in 6.2% of sampled fields (5.5% of sampled area) causing an estimated annual economic loss of over US$1 million. This was the first time the economic importance of RSD on Brazilian commercial sugarcane production was estimated. The Cerrado region had the highest prevalence of RSD: 16% of fields, 17% of the cultivated area, and 82% of mills. The use of diseased planting material was identified in 9% of plant cane fields, representing 10% of the cultivated area. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2017 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .

scholarly journals THE ADAPTED YAM MINISETT TECHNIQUE FOR PRODUCING CLEAN SEED YAMS (DIOSCOREA ROTUNDATA): AGRONOMIC PERFORMANCE AND VARIETAL DIFFERENCES UNDER FARMER-MANAGED CONDITIONS IN NIGERIA

2014 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 467-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
STEPHEN MORSE ◽  
NORA McNAMARA
Keyword(s):  
Small Scale ◽  
Agronomic Performance ◽  
Economic Returns ◽  
Dioscorea Rotundata ◽  
Pesticide Treatment ◽  
Planting Material ◽  
Clean Seed ◽  
Small Scale Farmers ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
First Time

SUMMARYWhite yam (Dioscorea rotundata) is a major root crop grown throughout West Africa but one of the major factors that limits its production is the availability of good quality planting material. This paper described the results of farmer-managed demonstration plots established in 2012 and 2013 designed to promote the Adapted Yam Minisett Technique (AYMT) in Nigeria. The AYMT was developed between 2005 and 2008 to produce quality seed yam tubers at a cost that is viable for small-scale farmers. Since its development the agronomic performance of AYMT has not been explored across a large sample of farmers, and neither has there been any attempt to explore possible varietal effects although farmers have often alluded to this. This papers seeks to address these gaps in the literature and the results suggest that the AYMT does succeed in producing seed yams of the required size and the economic returns are also good. Results also suggest that there is a varietal affect with AYMT, including a significant interaction with pesticide treatment; the first time this has been demonstrated.

scholarly journals Symmetries in Hidden Bifurcation Routes to Multiscroll Chaotic Attractors Generated by Saturated Function Series

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 511 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faiza Zaamoune ◽  
Tidjani Menacer ◽  
René Lozi ◽  
Guanrong Chen
Keyword(s):  
Open Access ◽  
Original Work ◽  
Range Extension ◽  
Chaotic Attractors ◽  
Function Series ◽  
Creative Commons ◽  
Basic Cell ◽  
Two Parameters ◽  
First Time ◽  
Open Access Article

In this paper, hidden bifurcation routes to multiscroll chaotic attractors generated by saturated function series are explored. The method to nd such hidden bifurcation routes (HBR) depending upon two parameters is similar to the method introduced by Menacer, et al. (2016) for Chua multiscroll attractors. These HBR are characterized by the maximal range extension (MARE) of their attractors and coding the appearance order of the scrolls under the control of the two parameters. Moreover, these HDR have interesting symmetries with respect to the two parameters. The novelty that this article introduces, is firstly the paradigm of MARE and the formula giving their approximate value depending upon parameters p and q, which is linked to the size of the scrolls; secondly the coding of the HBR which is dened for the first time including the basic cell; and thirdly unearthing the symmetries of these routes, allowing to obtain their coding without any numerical computation.This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium provided the original work is properly cited.

scholarly journals Interactions Between Delia platura and Erwinia amylovora Associated with Insect Mediated Transmission of Shoot Blight

2020 ◽  
pp. PHYTOFR-08-20-0 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Boucher ◽  
Rowan Collins ◽  
Kayli Harling ◽  
Gabrielle Brind’Amour ◽  
Kerik Cox ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Open Access ◽  
Plant Defense ◽  
Erwinia Amylovora ◽  
Bacterial Pathogen ◽  
Biofilm Production ◽  
Daily Rate ◽  
Shoot Blight ◽  
First Time ◽  
Delia Platura ◽  
Open Access Article

Erwinia amylovora is a bacterial pathogen of rosaceous plants that can be devastating to commercial apple and pear production worldwide. Exopolysaccharide (EPS) production is essential for pathogenicity, aiding in biofilm production, and plant defense protection. EPS also plays an epidemiological role in the form of bacterial ooze, which is generated when E. amylovora builds to such high levels within the parenchyma that it ruptures the plant epidermis and a mixture of bacteria encased in EPS exudes from the injury. Insects such as Delia platura feed on the ooze and become potential vectors in the process. The goal of this study was to investigate interactions between D. platura and E. amylovora to better understand how insects facilitate shoot blight. We demonstrate for the first time that D. platura can successfully transmit pathogen cells that initiate new infections in mechanically damaged apple shoots and that EPS aids in adherence of E. amylovora to the insect surface. We show that flies can carry the bacteria externally for at least 5 days and that they shed a constant daily rate. We also show that E. amylovora strains differing in virulence do not behave differently when associated with D. platura and that consumption of E. amylovora has no effect on insect survival. Our data demonstrate that flies can be efficient facilitators of new shoot blight infections, but the field conditions that make this type of transmission possible require further investigation. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2020 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY 4.0 International license .

scholarly journals Prevalence of Aflatoxin Contamination in Maize and Groundnut in Ghana: Population Structure, Distribution, and Toxigenicity of the Causal Agents

Plant Disease ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 102 (4) ◽  
pp. 764-772 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Agbetiameh ◽  
A. Ortega-Beltran ◽  
R. T. Awuah ◽  
J. Atehnkeng ◽  
P. J. Cotty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Open Access ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Economic Burden ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Aflatoxin Contamination ◽  
Agroecological Zones ◽  
First Time ◽  
Open Access Article ◽  
Aspergillus Section

Aflatoxin contamination in maize and groundnut is perennial in Ghana with substantial health and economic burden on the population. The present study examined for the first time the prevalence of aflatoxin contamination in maize and groundnut in major producing regions across three agroecological zones (AEZs) in Ghana. Furthermore, the distribution and aflatoxin-producing potential of Aspergillus species associated with both crops were studied. Out of 509 samples (326 of maize and 183 of groundnut), 35% had detectable levels of aflatoxins. Over 15% of maize and 11% of groundnut samples exceeded the aflatoxin threshold limits set by the Ghana Standards Authority of 15 and 20 ppb, respectively. Mycoflora analyses revealed various species and morphotypes within the Aspergillus section Flavi. A total of 5,083 isolates were recovered from both crops. The L morphotype of Aspergillus flavus dominated communities with 93.3% of the population, followed by Aspergillus spp. with S morphotype (6%), A. tamarii (0.4%), and A. parasiticus (0.3%). Within the L morphotype, the proportion of toxigenic members was significantly (P < 0.05) higher than that of atoxigenic members across AEZs. Observed and potential aflatoxin concentrations indicate that on-field aflatoxin management strategies need to be implemented throughout Ghana. The recovered atoxigenic L morphotype fungi are genetic resources that can be employed as biocontrol agents to limit aflatoxin contamination of maize and groundnut in Ghana. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2018 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY 4.0 International license .

Creativity, Innovation and Entrepreneurship

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie McFarlane
Keyword(s):  
Economic Importance ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Market Growth ◽  
Innovative Solutions ◽  
The World ◽  
Economic Transitions ◽  
First Time ◽  
Creativity And Innovation ◽  
Business And Management

Since the 1990s, creativity and innovation have become more prominent within the fields of business and management, since it is increasingly the case that new markets, or even market growth, may best be attained via creative and innovative solutions. Studies of entrepreneurs, entrepreneurship and growth have catalysed identification and promotion of innovative knowledge industries, rendering their economic importance increasingly significant. For the first time in history, more than half of the world’s businesses are now small-scale, creative and innovative, reflecting recent economic transitions around the world. Thus, to appreciate the role of creativity and innovation, it is necessary to understand the nature of entrepreneurship and, specifically, the creativity required to identify and exploit opportunities.

Peacock mites on cocoa in Peru (Acari: Tuckerellidae: Tuckerella): their economic importance and a key to species

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 519-528
Author(s):  
Hector Alonso Escobar-Garcia ◽  
Daniel Junior de Andrade ◽  
Jennifer J. Beard ◽  
Ronald Ochoa
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Key To Species ◽  
The Family ◽  
Fruit Damage ◽  
First Time ◽  
Theobroma Cacao L ◽  
Cocoa Tree

Seeds from the cocoa tree, Theobroma cacao L. (Malvaceae), make up the raw materials for cocoa which is used to produce chocolate. In Peru, cocoa is produced mainly by smallholder farmers under a small-scale agriculture model. During March and September 2020, surveys of organic smallholding farms were conducted in four Districts of the Department of Piura in northwestern Peru. Three species of the family Tuckerellidae (peacock mites) were collected and identified from this region in Peru: namely Tuckerella ornata (Tucker), Tu. pavoniformis (Ewing), and Tu. knorri Baker & Tuttle. In this article, we report the presence of peacock mites affecting cocoa crops in Peru for the first time. The populations of peacock mites found in the cocoa trees were considerable and causing significant fruit damage. A key to the species of Tuckerella found in cocoa is presented.

scholarly journals Every Day Practices and Experiential Urban Space

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 27-37
Author(s):  
Himasari Hanan
Keyword(s):  
Open Access ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Publishing House ◽  
Urban Spaces ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Business Opportunity ◽  
Emotional Aspects ◽  
International Publishing ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Open Access Article

Strolling along Riau Street and shopping in Factory Outlet are major attractions to the visitor as well as to the small-scale entrepreneur for  the experiential urban space and business opportunity being suggested. This paper will discuss the informal activities that constitute experiential urban space on pedestrian ways in front of the Factory Outlet, and the spatio-temporal arrangements being created through human activities and commodity transaction. Further on, the paper will summarize the physical and emotional aspects of urban spaces in attracting people and creating pleasurable experiences. Keywords: urban spectacle; small-scale entrepreneur; pedestrian ways; Bandung eISSN 2514-751X © 2017 The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open-access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.

scholarly journals The Application of Continuous Improvement (CI) Methodology in Small-Scale (SME) Jewellery / Gold Fabricators Refiners toward Efficient Work Process in Waste Management.

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (SI4) ◽  
pp. 35-42
Author(s):  
Saadiah Kaspin ◽  
Hanif Khairi ◽  
Oskar Hasdinor Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Improvement ◽  
Publishing House ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
End Products ◽  
International Publishing ◽  
Waste Handling ◽  
Open Access Article ◽  
Efficient Work

This paper presents the rationale of the continuous improvement (CI) system to be applied for the small-scale jewellery industry in the state of Kelantan State of Malaysia. The manufacturer’s inefficiency during the fabrication process directly contributes to the potentially lost gold in scrap (waste) form that would eventually affect the producer's profit margin and may lead to a compromised quality of end products. Hence, the adoption of appropriate quality management applications and good practices are key to enhance business and operational efficiency towards sustainability of gold scrap and waste handling that may lead to potential economic loss. Keywords: Sustainability; gold waste; continuous improvement (CI); jewellery industry  eISSN: 2398-4287© 2021. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians/Africans/Arabians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v6iSI4.2899

Environment Approach on Optimizing Tourism Facilities at Tourism Village in Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (10) ◽  
pp. 109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurlisa Ginting ◽  
Satria Halim
Keyword(s):  
Open Access ◽  
Peer Review ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Publishing House ◽  
Tourist Attraction ◽  
Dynamic Movement ◽  
International Publishing ◽  
Tourist Village ◽  
Open Access Article

Tourism is a sector that always has a dynamic movement which will benefit the local community. Lumban Suhi-suhi is a tourist village famous for its ulos on Samosir Island that has become one of the tourist attraction. Due to the limitations of facilities arrangement make it becomes less of the attraction itself. Therefore, the environment-based mechanism becomes one of the concepts that will be applied to improve the tourist facilities in which could increase tourists in that area. The researcher uses a qualitative method in the form of direct observation and interview and analyzing data with related theory.Keywords: Tourism Village; Facilities; Sustainable Tourism; EnvironmenteISSN: 2398-4287© 2019. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/e-bpj.v4i10.1617

Determinants of Recycling Behaviour in Tioman Island

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 49
Author(s):  
Saripah Abdul Latif ◽  
Mohd Shukri Omar
Keyword(s):  
Open Access ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Environmental Problem ◽  
Publishing House ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Broad Agreement ◽  
International Publishing ◽  
Open Access Article ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

The rapid increase in solid waste is a major environmental problem and recycling is argued to be a better solution to the problem. However, there is a broad agreement that there is a gap between the increasing awareness for recycling and the recycling behaviour among the consumers. The aim of this study is to investigate the recycling behaviour among 62 residents of Tioman Island. A structured questionnaire that included 33 items is used to obtain the data. The findings show a significant relationship between recycling behaviour and collectivism; a positive, weak relationship with recycling attitudes; and a negative relationship with materialism. Keywords: recycling behaviour; recycling attitudes; materialism and collectivism. eISSN 2514-7528 © 2017 The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK . This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.

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