Investigating regional distribution for maximum daily rainfall in arid regions: case study in Saudi Arabia

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wael M. Abdeen ◽  
Ayman G. Awadallah ◽  
Nagy A. Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Regional Distribution ◽  
Daily Rainfall ◽  
Maximum Daily Rainfall

scholarly journals Estimation and analysis of the effective rainfall In Tabuk area – Saudi Arabia

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (14) ◽  
pp. 142-186
Author(s):  
د. فهدة فلاح بن حشر د. فهدة فلاح بن حشر
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Normal Distribution ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Daily Rainfall ◽  
Multiple Comparison ◽  
Daily Maximum ◽  
Effective Rainfall ◽  
Maximum Rainfall ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Maximum Daily Rainfall

this study examined the effective rainfall in Tabuk area by applying the Lang rainfall factor, De Martonne Index and the (UNEP) arid index. The study methodology was based on a statistical tests using the Normality test (Shapiro-Wilk), the Homogeneity test (Leven test), the ANOVA (LSD test) of the monthly mean of rainfall, the daily maximum rainfall and the total number of rainfall days. The multiple comparison (Tehmane’s Test) had been applied between the studied stations. The results of the Shapiro-Wilk test shows that the distribution of monthly rainfall averages follows normal distribution in all stations except stations Tabuk and Al Bad’ and that the maximum daily rainfall distribution at Duba, Shuw?q, Al Kurr stations is also normal distribution. The Leven test results showed that the significance level was greater than 0.05 and the Leven Test was greater than 0.05 for the average monthly precipitation, for the daily maximum rainfall and for the number of rain days and it indicates the homogeneity of the rainfall variances in the studied stations.The ANOVA analysis of the averages and maximum daily rainfall, shows that the significance level is greater than 0.05 and the LSD test is greater than 0.05 indicating that the differences are not significant. While the LSD was greater than 0.05 for the number of rain days, indicating that the differences between the number of rain days and their distribution at the studied stations are statistically significant differences, and therefore there is no homogeneity in their differences. The results of the Tamhane’s Test of multiple comparison confirmed that the mean level of monthly mean rainfall and daily maximum rainfall is greater than 0.05 indicates that the differences between the monthly rain averages of and the daily maximum rainfall amounts are not significant for 22.2% of total comparisons.The effective rainfall estimate of Lang’s rainfall index shows that the threshold of effective mean rainfall is between 1.3 and 27.4 mm and that the threshold of maximum daily rainfall is 154.1 mm at the station (Al Bad’). Also, the effective rainfall estimate by the DeMartonne index shows that the threshold of average effective rainfall is between 1.2 and 15.2 mm and that the threshold of maximum daily rainfall is 80.4 mm at the station (Al Bad’). Therefore, the effective rainfall estimate by the UNEP index shows that the threshold of average effective rainfall is between 1.8 and 30.3 mm and that the threshold of maximum daily rainfall is 130.5 mm at the station (Al Bad’). Finally, the effective rainfall estimate by the difference between the rainfall and Pan Class“A” Evaporation shows that the threshold of average effective rainfall is between 1.2 and 25.8 mm and that the threshold of maximum daily rainfall is 137.1 mm at the station (Al Bad’).- Key Words:Effective rainfall average, Effective maximum daily rainfall , Number of rainy days, Statistical tests, Lang rainfall factor, DeMartonne index, UNEP arid index, Tabuk area, Saudi Arabia.

scholarly journals The impact of rainfall distribution patterns on hydrological and hydraulic response in arid regions: case study Medina, Saudi Arabia

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (21) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Abdulrazzak ◽  
Amro Elfeki ◽  
Ahmed Samy Kamis ◽  
Mostafa Kassab ◽  
Nassir Alamri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Rainfall Distribution ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Hydraulic Response

scholarly journals The role of meteorological and climatic conditions in the occurrence of damaging hydro-geologic events in Southern Italy

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Petrucci ◽  
M. Polemio
Keyword(s):  
Southern Italy ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Daily Rainfall ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Antecedent Conditions ◽  
Pressure Fields ◽  
Maximum Daily Rainfall ◽  
Severe Type

Abstract. Damaging Hydro-geologic Events (DHEs), defined as landslides and floods caused by heavy or prolonged rainfall, represent an important source of economic damages. We propose an approach to classify DHEs, considering 1) meteorological antecedent conditions, 2) the season during which the event occurs, 3) the return period of maximum daily rainfall triggering the event, 4) geographic sectors hit, 5) types of triggered damaging phenomena; and 6) induced damage. We applied this approach to a case study of time series of DHEs that occurred over 85 years in Calabria (southern Italy). We analysed 13 DHEs that, between 1921 and 2005, triggered landslides, floods and secondary floods, causing severe damage and tens of causalities all over the Calabria region. During the analysed events, 64% of Calabria's municipalities suffered many types of damage. The most relevant rain phenomena and the largest damages were caused by the persistent effects of perturbations on Calabria, which were preceded by the appearance of low-pressure fields in two different areas located westwards. We sorted the events into three types based on geographic damage distribution and types of triggered phenomena and induced damage. The first two types are characterised by similar severity levels, while the third shows the highest severity, in terms of both damage and victims. Independent of the type of event, the S-SE and E sectors of the region are the most frequently affected by DHEs. As regards human life, floods are the most dangerous type of phenomenon, causing the highest number of fatalities. Our analysis indicates a decreasing frequency of DHEs during the study period, and an absence of the most severe type for more than 50 years. The number of victims is also decreasing over time.

scholarly journals Pavement Stripping in Saudi Arabia: Prediction and Prevention

2004 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
H.I. Al-Abdul Wahhab ◽  
I.M. Asi ◽  
S.A. Ali ◽  
S. Al-Swailmi ◽  
A. Al-Nour
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Portland Cement ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Highway Networks ◽  
Bottle Test ◽  
Prediction And Prevention ◽  
Stripping Potential ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Pavement weathering or stripping is a major distress in highway networks in arid regions. Using the Saudi Arabian road network as a case study area, seventeen road test sections were selected, out of which eight were stripped and nine were non-stripped. Aggregates from quarries used to build these sections were also collected and subjected to detailed physical and chemical tests to evaluate the ability of these tests to distinguish between stripped and non-stripped sections. The modified Lottman test was used to distinguish between compacted mixes. In addition, the Swedish Rolling Bottle test, was also found to be effective in being able to distinguish between different asphalt-aggregates for stripping potential. Eleven anti-stripping liquid additives, lime and cement, in addition to two polymers, were evaluated for their ability to reduce/eliminate stripping potential of stripping-prone aggregates. It was found that EE-2 Polymer, Portland cement, and their combination were effective with all aggregate sources. 

scholarly journals Spatiotemporal Variability of Intensity–Duration–Frequency (IDF) Curves in Arid Areas: Wadi AL-Lith, Saudi Arabia as a Case Study

Hydrology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Ibrahim H. Elsebaie ◽  
Mohamed El Alfy ◽  
Atef Qasem Kawara
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Daily Rainfall ◽  
Spatiotemporal Variability ◽  
Mountainous Area ◽  
Arid Areas ◽  
Return Periods ◽  
Maximum Rainfall ◽  
Idf Curves ◽  
Intensity Duration Frequency

In arid areas, flashflood water management is a major concern due to arid climate ambiguity. The examining and derivation of intensity–duration–frequency (IDF) curves in an urban arid area under a variety of terrain patterns and climatic changes is anticipated. Several flood events have been reported in the Al-Lith region of western Saudi Arabia that took away many lives and caused disruption in services and trade. To find and examine the extremities and IDF curves, daily rainfall data from 1966 to 2018 is used. The IDF curves are created for a variety of return periods and climate scenarios in three terrain variabilities. This research examines various distributions to estimate the maximum rainfall for several metrological stations with varying return periods and terrain conditions. Three main zones are identified based on ground elevation variability and IDF distributions from upstream in the eastern mountainous area to downstream in the western coastal area. These IDF curves can be used to identify vulnerable hotspot areas in arid areas such as the Wadi AL-Lith, and flood mitigation steps can be suggested to minimize flood risk.

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