Catchment-level agricultural drought hazard vulnerability analysis of Ganga Basin (India) using spectral indices

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (17) ◽  
Author(s):  
Subhro Banerjee ◽  
Arvind Chandra Pandey
Keyword(s):  
Vulnerability Analysis ◽  
Agricultural Drought ◽  
Spectral Indices ◽  
Ganga Basin ◽  
Drought Hazard ◽  
Hazard Vulnerability

Development of a Next Generation Drought Index: combining multiple global and local data sources to enable detection of sector-specific drought impacts

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimmie Hendriks ◽  
Pieter Hazenberg ◽  
Jonas Gotte ◽  
Patricia Trambauer ◽  
Arjen Haag ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Index ◽  
Agricultural Drought ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Drought Indices ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Hazard Indices ◽  
Local Data ◽  
Drought Impacts ◽  
Drought Hazard ◽  
Impact Data

<p>An increasing number of regions and countries are confronted with droughts as well as an increase in water demand. Inevitably, this leads to an increasing pressure on the available water resources and associated risks and economic impact for the water dependent sectors. In order to prevent big drought impacts, such as agricultural damage and food insecurity, timely and focused drought mitigation measures need to be carried out. To enable this, the detection of drought and its sector-specific risks at early stages needs to be improved. One of the main challenges is to develop compound and impact-oriented drought indices, that make optimal use of innovative techniques, satellite products, local data and other big data sets.</p><p>Here, we present the development of a Next Generation Drought Index (NGDI) that combines multiple freely available global data sources (eg. ERA5, MODIS, PCR-GLOBWB) to calculate a range of relevant drought hazard indices related to meteorological, hydrological, soil moisture and agricultural drought (eg. SPI, SPEI, SRI, SGI, VCI). The drought hazard indices are aggregated at district level, while considering the percentage area exposure of the drought impacted sector (exposure). In addition, the indices are enriched with local and national scale drought impact information (eg. online news items, social media data, EM-DAT database, GDO Drought news, national drought reports). Results are presented at sub-national scales in interactive spatial and temporal views, showing the combined drought indices and impact data.</p><p>The NGDI approach is being tested for the agricultural sector in Mali, a country with a vulnerable population and economy that faces frequent dry spells which heavily impact the functioning of the important agricultural activities that sustain a large part of the population. The computed drought indices are compared with local drought data and an analysis is made of the cross-correlations between the indices within the NGDI and collected impact data.</p><p>We aim at providing the NGDI information to a broad audience as well as co-creation of further NGDI developments. Hence, we would like to reach out to interested parties and identify collaboration opportunities.</p>

scholarly journals Hazard Vulnerability Analysis: Practices in Boston Hospitals

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (S1) ◽  
pp. S56-S57
Author(s):  
Douglas A. Romney ◽  
Meg S. Femino ◽  
Ritu R. Sarin ◽  
Michael S. Molloy ◽  
Amalia Voskanyan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vulnerability Analysis ◽  
Hazard Vulnerability

scholarly journals Drought Risk Assessment by Using Drought Hazard and Vulnerability Indexes

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ismail Dabanli
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Standardized Precipitation Index ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Vulnerability Index ◽  
Drought Risk ◽  
Drought Vulnerability ◽  
Drought Hazard ◽  
Hazard Vulnerability ◽  
Composite Risk

Abstract. Drought has multiple impacts on socioeconomic sectors and it is expected to increase in the coming years due to non-stationary nature of climate variability and change. Here, we investigated drought hazard, vulnerability, and risk based on hydro-meteorological and actual socio-economic data for provinces of Turkey. Although, drought vulnerability and risk assessment are essential parts of drought phenomenon, so far, lack of proper integrated drought risk assessment in Turkey (and elsewhere) has led to higher socio-economic impacts. Firstly, the Drought Hazard Index (DHI) is derived based on the probability occurrences of drought using Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) to facilitate the understanding of drought phenomenon. Secondly, the Drought Vulnerability Index (DVI) is calculated by utilizing four socio-economic indicators to quantify drought impact on society. Finally, the Drought Risk Index (DRI) is obtained by multiplying DHI and DVI for provinces of Turkey to highlight the relative importance of hazard and vulnerability assessment for drought risk management. A set of drought hazard, vulnerability, and composite risk maps were then developed. The outputs of analysis reveal that among 81 administrative provinces in Turkey, 73 provinces are exposed to the low drought risk (0 

scholarly journals The Application of Hazard Vulnerability Analysis in the Prevention and Control of COVID-19 in Medical Institutions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li MA ◽  
Shiyue ZOU ◽  
Yanyi LIU ◽  
Jing LA ◽  
Junhua YANG
Keyword(s):  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Vulnerability Analysis ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Average Score ◽  
Disaster Plan ◽  
Improvement Measures ◽  
Hazard Vulnerability ◽  
And Control

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused massive casualties, severe economic losses, and poses a threat to the world. This study's primary objective was to analyze the hospital's potential hazards of COVID-19 prevention and control. The second objective was to review the disaster plan and make recommendations to minimize the spread of COVID-19 in hospitals. Methods: An expert group for the prevention and control of COVID-19 in the First People's Hospital of Longquanyi Dis-trict, Chengdu, China was established. We adopted the hazard vulnerability analysis (HVA) to riskstratify potential hazards and calculated relative risk values. We used the Delphi expert consultation method to propose and implement targeted improvement measures for the top five potential hazards. Then, the effects before and after the intervention were compared. Results: The top five hazards were: insufficient Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) (25.68%), inadequate diagnosis ability of clinicians (22.55%), and inadequate management strategies of patients and caregivers (22.38%), lack of professional ability of pre-checking and triage staff (16.96%), lack of knowledge of COVID-19 of medical staff (15.59%). After taking targeted improvement measures, the average score of the hospital staff's COVID-19 knowledge test increased from 73.26 points to 90.44 points, the average test score of the outsourcing company employees increased from 68.55 to 89.75 points. The differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion: HVA can be used to systematically risk-stratify potential threats, measure the probability of those potential hazards, and develop various hospital prevention and control measures for COVID-19 epidemics.

scholarly journals Probabilistic modelling of the dependence between rainfed crops and drought hazard

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreia F. S. Ribeiro ◽  
Ana Russo ◽  
Célia M. Gouveia ◽  
Patrícia Páscoa ◽  
Carlos A. L. Pires
Keyword(s):  
Probability Distributions ◽  
Joint Probability ◽  
Agricultural Drought ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Drought Risk ◽  
Crop Loss ◽  
Archimedean Copulas ◽  
Drought Hazard ◽  
Drought Conditions ◽  
Joint Probability Distributions

Abstract. Extreme weather events, such as droughts, have been increasingly affecting the agricultural sector causing several socio-economic consequences. The growing economy requires improved assessments of drought-related impacts in agriculture, particularly under a climate that is getting drier and warmer. This work proposes a probabilistic model which intends to contribute to the agricultural drought risk management in rainfed cropping systems. Our methodology is based on a bivariate copula-approach using Elliptical and Archimedean copulas, which application is quite recent in agrometeorological studies. In this work we use copulas to model joint probability distributions describing the amount of dependence between drought conditions and crop anomalies. Afterwards, we use the established copula models to simulate pairs of yield anomalies and drought hazard, preserving their dependence structure, to further estimate the probability of crop-loss. In the first step, we analyse the probability of crop-loss without distinguishing the class of drought, and in a second step we compare the probability of crop-loss under drought and non-drought conditions. The results indicate that, in general, Archimedean copulas provide the best statistical fits of the joint probability distributions, suggesting a dependence among extreme values of rainfed cereal yield anomalies and drought indicators. Moreover, the estimated conditional probabilities suggest that the likelihood of crop-loss under dry conditions is higher than under non-drought conditions. From an operational point of view, the results aim to contribute to the decision-making process in agricultural practices.

scholarly journals DROUGHT HAZARD CHARACTERISTIC USING SOIL MOISTURE DEFICIT INDEX MODELLING

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
Lulu Mari Fitria ◽  
Septiana Fathurrohmah
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Standardized Precipitation Index ◽  
Hydrological Drought ◽  
Agricultural Drought ◽  
Extreme Condition ◽  
Hazard Mapping ◽  
Soil Moisture Deficit ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Drought Hazard ◽  
Moisture Deficit

Drought happen when the rainfall decreases in the extreme condition for long period of  time (above normal). Drought hazard mapping can be analyzed by various approaches, like environmental approach, ecological approach, hydrological approach, meteorological approach, geological approach, agricultural approach, and many other. Meteorological, Climatological, and Geophysical Agency (in Indonesia a.k.a BMKG) measures the drought hazard by utilizing Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI)The comparison of rainfall rate through SPI has positive correlation with  drought type, for example SPI 3 indicates agricultural drought; while SPI 6, SPI 9 and SPI 12 indicate  hydrological drought. The analysis of drought hazard level also can be done using soil moisture level measurement. Soil moisture is the result of water shortages in the hydroclimatological concept. Soil moisture analysis utilizes several influenced variables, such as soil water, precipitation, evapotranspiration, and percolation. Each of variables was analyzed using GIS as a method of soil moisture modeling. Drought index level analysis is using soil moisture deficit index, which indicates that drought occurs if the index score less than (-0.5). Some assumptions used in this modeling are both SMDI modeling using WHC (Water Holding Capacity) and  without using WHC. This modeling used medium term analysis during 2007-2012 to prove the occurrence of extreme drought on 2009 and 2012 for measurement of drought level in agriculture area. Based on SMDI, it is known that the dangers of SMDI drought have positive correlation to SPI 3, SPI 6, SPI 9, and SPI 12, where SPI is in accordance with the interpretation of meteorolgy, agriculture, and hydrological drought indices.

scholarly journals Assessment of Agricultural Drought Risk in the Lancang-Mekong Region, South East Asia

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (17) ◽  
pp. 6153
Author(s):  
Lei Zhang ◽  
Wei Song ◽  
Wen Song
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Agricultural Drought ◽  
Mekong River ◽  
Drought Risk ◽  
Crop Water Stress Index ◽  
Drought Vulnerability ◽  
Mekong Region ◽  
Drought Hazard ◽  
South Central ◽  
High Hazard

Natural disasters worldwide regularly impact on human activities. As a frequently occurring natural disaster, drought has adverse impacts on agricultural production. The Lancang-Mekong River is a transnational river running through China and five Southeast Asian countries and it is a vital water resource for irrigation in the region. Drought in the Lancang-Mekong Region (LMR) has occurred frequently in recent years. Assessing the risk of drought in the region is essential for rational planning of agricultural production and formulation of drought relief measures. In this study, an assessment of drought risk has been achieved by combining the hazard and vulnerability assessments for drought. The assessment of the drought hazard depends mainly on the standardized precipitation index (SPI). The assessment of drought vulnerability takes into account various indicators such as climatic factors (e.g., crop water stress index), soil factors (e.g., available water capacity), and irrigation factors (e.g., irrigation support). The results reveal that: (1) Drought distribution in the LMR is characterized by a spreading of the drought to countries along the middle and lower reaches of the Mekong River. Countries located in the middle and lower reaches of the Mekong River are more prone to drought. Laos, Thailand, and Cambodia are the regions with higher and high-drought risk levels. (2) The spatial distributions for the drought hazard and the drought vulnerability in the LMR exhibit significant differences as evidenced in the mapping results. High-hazard and high-vulnerability areas are mainly distributed in the middle LMR, and the middle to higher hazard areas and the middle to higher vulnerability areas are mainly distributed in the south-central LMR, while the low-hazard areas and the low-vulnerability areas are mainly in the north. (3) The majority of planting areas for sugarcane, rice, and cassava are located in the high-hazard areas. The distributions of drought-prone and high-hazard areas also correspond to the main agricultural areas in the LMR.

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